While some economic shocks affect different individuals in similar ways, most affect individuals very differently. A good example of this is how Covid-19 affected different types of workers. For workers who could work from home, the effects of Covid-19 were mild. This is for two reasons. First, their exposure to Covid-19 was low, given that they could reduce social interactions to low levels. Second, they could continue working and hence, their incomes also were likely to remain at similar levels, particularly if they were employed in essential sectors, that is, those that were not affected by policy mandates to shut-down production.
{"title":"Joan Monras discussion of: Unsafe jobs","authors":"Joan Monras","doi":"10.1093/epolic/eiac030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epolic/eiac030","url":null,"abstract":"While some economic shocks affect different individuals in similar ways, most affect individuals very differently. A good example of this is how Covid-19 affected different types of workers. For workers who could work from home, the effects of Covid-19 were mild. This is for two reasons. First, their exposure to Covid-19 was low, given that they could reduce social interactions to low levels. Second, they could continue working and hence, their incomes also were likely to remain at similar levels, particularly if they were employed in essential sectors, that is, those that were not affected by policy mandates to shut-down production.","PeriodicalId":43996,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomicheskaya politika","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48030067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Covid pandemic dominated social life over the past 2 years. It turned social interaction that is a key part of human life into risky behaviour. It thereby affected the relative utility from different consumption goods compared with a non-pandemic world. Those consumption goods that happen in public or in groups (watching a soccer game at the stadium) come in the pandemic with the risk of infection, whereas others that are done at home (watching a soccer game on TV) remain unaffected. As a result, households face a new trade-off for their consumption decisions when they have to decide about consumption with social interaction and the risk of infection. Many governments put regulation in place that restricted this trade off, whereas other governments asked the population to be responsible enough to decide on this risk-return trade off solely based on private costs and gains.
{"title":"Moritz Kuhn discussion of: Safe choices?","authors":"M. Kuhn","doi":"10.1093/epolic/eiac035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epolic/eiac035","url":null,"abstract":"The Covid pandemic dominated social life over the past 2 years. It turned social interaction that is a key part of human life into risky behaviour. It thereby affected the relative utility from different consumption goods compared with a non-pandemic world. Those consumption goods that happen in public or in groups (watching a soccer game at the stadium) come in the pandemic with the risk of infection, whereas others that are done at home (watching a soccer game on TV) remain unaffected. As a result, households face a new trade-off for their consumption decisions when they have to decide about consumption with social interaction and the risk of infection. Many governments put regulation in place that restricted this trade off, whereas other governments asked the population to be responsible enough to decide on this risk-return trade off solely based on private costs and gains.","PeriodicalId":43996,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomicheskaya politika","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43045910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigate how promotion incentives affect the productivity of a large sample of high-skilled public employees: academics. In a fuzzy regression-discontinuity design, we exploit the three bibliometric thresholds of the 2012 National Scientific Qualification (NSQ), the centralized evaluation procedure regulating career advancements in Italian universities. We compare the 2013-2016 research productivity of assistant professors barely qualified for associate professor – whose next goal becomes meeting the higher thresholds for the full professor qualification – with the productivity of candidates who barely miss the qualification – whose goal remains meeting the associate professor thresholds. We find that barely qualified scholars publish significantly more papers than their non-qualified colleagues, in journals of comparable quality. Our results emphasize the importance of promotion incentives as an effective incentivizing tool in public universities and more in general public organizations.
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Promotion Incentives for Public Employees: Evidence from Italian Academia","authors":"M. Nieddu, L. Pandolfi","doi":"10.1093/epolic/eiac017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epolic/eiac017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We investigate how promotion incentives affect the productivity of a large sample of high-skilled public employees: academics. In a fuzzy regression-discontinuity design, we exploit the three bibliometric thresholds of the 2012 National Scientific Qualification (NSQ), the centralized evaluation procedure regulating career advancements in Italian universities. We compare the 2013-2016 research productivity of assistant professors barely qualified for associate professor – whose next goal becomes meeting the higher thresholds for the full professor qualification – with the productivity of candidates who barely miss the qualification – whose goal remains meeting the associate professor thresholds. We find that barely qualified scholars publish significantly more papers than their non-qualified colleagues, in journals of comparable quality. Our results emphasize the importance of promotion incentives as an effective incentivizing tool in public universities and more in general public organizations.","PeriodicalId":43996,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomicheskaya politika","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47805810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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