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La Dialectique en François pour les barbiers et les chirurgiens (1553) d'Adrien L'Alemant: Première dialectique médicale en français francois的《理发师和外科医生的辩证法》(1553),阿德里安·勒阿勒曼特:第一个法语医学辩证法
3区 哲学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/rht.2023.a910302
Véronique Montagne
Abstract: La réflexion développée ici est le prélude à une édition critique de la Dialectique en François pour les barbiers et les chirurgiens , texte d'Adrien L'Alemant (1527–1559) publié en 1553, à Reims, chez Thomas Richard. L'ouvrage paraît dans le contexte épistémologique très spécifique de la seconde moitié de la Renaissance, dans ce moment où se met en place un discours « scientifique » en langue vernaculaire, à partir de l'héritage que constituent les textes logiques et/ou médicaux de l'Antiquité et du Moyen Âge.
摘要:这里发展的反思是francois为理发师和外科医生编写的《辩证法》批判版的前奏,该书由阿德里安·拉·阿勒曼特(1527 - 1559)于1553年在兰斯由托马斯·理查德出版。这本书是在文艺复兴后半期非常具体的认识论背景下出版的,当时一种“科学”的方言话语正在建立,基于古代和中世纪的逻辑和/或医学文本的遗产。
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引用次数: 0
Addresses of Contributors 投稿人地址
3区 哲学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/rht.2023.a910304
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引用次数: 0
The Rhetoric of Transparency: Telling Knowledge in Ancient Medical and Forensic Texts 透明的修辞学:古代医学和法医学文本中的知识讲述
3区 哲学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/rht.2023.a910299
Giulia Maltagliati
Abstract: This paper investigates the role of rhetoric within ancient medicine by setting medical writings in dialogue with contemporary forensic texts. Reading across these two genres allows us to capture the shared ways in which early medical and forensic discourse mobilise rhetoric in response to the epistemological limits of medical and forensic practice. Both medical and forensic discourse frame factual and practical knowledge as the remedy to the slippages of words, but at the same time they need words to formulate and validate their tentative knowledge of those very facts. Select readings from the Epidemics illustrate the importance of a rhetorically structured narrative in response to uncertain scenarios. Much like the narrative of forensic texts, I argue, the case-histories of the Epidemics try to shape elusive realities through a rhetorical gesture that confers a precise meaning upon them. Rhetoric, the paper concludes, is not merely an embellishment nor a skill. It is, instead, a medium for the communication of knowledge and the negotiation of its limits, even in texts that at first glance seem, or claim, to be devoid of any rhetorical features.
摘要:本文通过将医学文献与当代法医文献进行对话,探讨修辞学在古代医学中的作用。跨这两种体裁的阅读使我们能够捕捉到早期医学和法医话语动员修辞的共同方式,以回应医学和法医实践的认识论限制。医学和法医学的话语都把事实和实践知识作为对语言疏漏的补救,但同时他们也需要语言来表述和验证他们对这些事实的初步认识。《流行病》的选读说明了修辞结构叙事在应对不确定情景中的重要性。我认为,就像法医文本的叙述一样,流行病的个案史试图通过一种赋予它们精确含义的修辞姿态来塑造难以捉摸的现实。论文总结说,修辞不仅仅是一种修饰,也不仅仅是一种技巧。相反,它是知识交流和知识界限协商的媒介,即使是在乍一看似乎或声称没有任何修辞特征的文本中也是如此。
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引用次数: 0
Rhetoric and Medicine: Introduction 修辞学与医学:导论
3区 哲学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/rht.2023.a910298
Caroline Petit
Abstract: This introduction offers a brief overview of the scholarly landscape on rhetoric and medicine from antiquity to early modern times. It argues that the relationships between rhetoric and medicine offer a field of study quite distinct from the rhetoric of science, and that they can be understood and approached from multiple angles. It then describes the contents of the papers in relation with the argument.
摘要:本导论概述了从古至今修辞学与医学的学术格局。它认为,修辞学与医学之间的关系提供了一个与科学修辞学截然不同的研究领域,并且可以从多个角度理解和处理它们。然后描述与论点相关的论文内容。
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引用次数: 0
Rhetoric and Disposition, Temperament and Place: Polykleitan Rules 修辞与性情,气质与场所:多元文化规则
3区 哲学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/rht.2023.a910303
Stephen Pender
Abstract: This paper explores the relationships between style and complexion, temperament and disposition, climate and place in seventeenth-century thought. Facility and variation in style not only depend on reason, judgement, and responsiveness, but on the material substrata of the imagination and memory, in turn conditioned by air and temperament, climate and the uneven geographical distribution of environmental and internal, vital heat. This ensemble ofconcernes spurred wide-ranging enquiry in early modern anthropology, ethnography, and rhetoric, which I examine her in order to substantiate the mathematician and rhetorician Bernard Lamy's 1675 claim that "Every Clymat hath its style."
摘要:本文探讨了17世纪思想中风格与肤色、气质与性情、气候与地域的关系。风格的灵活和变化不仅取决于理性、判断和反应,还取决于想象和记忆的物质基础,而这些基础又受空气和气质、气候以及环境和内部的不均匀地理分布的影响。这些关注的集合激发了对早期现代人类学、民族志和修辞学的广泛研究,我对她进行了研究,以证实数学家和修辞学家伯纳德·拉米(Bernard Lamy) 1675年的说法:“每个克莱马特都有自己的风格。”
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引用次数: 0
A Religious Polemic in Galenic Garb? Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq's (d. 260/873) Kitāb al-Karma ( On Vines ) and his Encomium of Wine 披着盖伦服饰的宗教论战?Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq's (d. 260/873) Kitāb al-Karma (On Vines)和他的《葡萄酒赞歌》
3区 哲学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/rht.2023.a910300
Ignacio Sánchez
Abstract: Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq (192–260/808–873) is mainly known as a translator of Greek works into Arabic, but he was also a prolific author. This article focuses on one of his least known treatises, On Vines ( Kitāb al-Karma ), which still remains unedited. On Vines is an eclectic and unclassifiable work that combines different genres. It has been traditionally considered a dietetic treatise on the properties of vine products inserted in the Galenic tradition. But On Vines is also a disputation on the excellence of trees written in the form of questions and answers and, ultimately, a polemical encomium of wine that relies for its effect on the opinions of ancient Greek authorities such as Homer, Diogenes, Aristotle, Socrates or Theophrastus. In this article I analyse the structure of the treatise, identifiying its generic affiliations and the rhetorical strategies deployed by Ḥunayn. I discuss specially the long sections on wine and Ḥunayn's defence of the virtues of this drink against its critics, arguing that the structure of the treatise is also determined by the religious implications of praising wine in an Islamic environment.
摘要:Ḥunayn伊本Isḥāq(192-260/808-873)主要被认为是一位将希腊作品翻译成阿拉伯语的翻译家,但他也是一位多产的作家。这篇文章的重点是他最不为人知的论文之一,关于藤蔓(Kitāb al-Karma),这仍然是未经编辑的。《On Vines》是一部兼收并蓄、不可归类的作品,融合了不同的流派。它传统上被认为是在盖伦传统中插入的关于葡萄产品特性的营养学论文。但《葡萄藤上》也以问答的形式对树木的优点进行了争论,最终,它是对葡萄酒的一种辩论性赞美,它依赖于荷马、第欧根尼、亚里士多德、苏格拉底或泰奥弗拉斯托斯等古希腊权威人士的观点。在这篇文章中,我分析了论文的结构,确定了它的一般关系和修辞策略部署Ḥunayn。我特别讨论了关于葡萄酒的长章节,以及Ḥunayn对这种饮料的优点的辩护,反对它的批评者,认为论文的结构也是由在伊斯兰环境中赞美葡萄酒的宗教含义决定的。
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引用次数: 0
Médecine et humanisme en Périgord: L'invention de la langue française selon Ervé Fayard ( Galen sur la faculté dez simples medicamans , 1548) perigord中的医学和人文主义:erve Fayard的法语发明(Galen sur la faculte dez simple medicamans, 1548)
3区 哲学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/rht.2023.a910301
Caroline Petit
Abstract: Cette étude met en lumière une figure négligée de l'humanisme français et aquitain (Périgord) dans le contexte de la littérature médicale. Il s'agit d'un ouvrage peu connu, la « traduction » du traité des Simples de Galien en français par le médecin Ervé Fayard (1548). L'analyse du texte comme des paratextes montre une démarche auctoriale singulière dans le contexte dynamique de la production de livres médicaux en langue française au milieu du seizième siècle. Fayard se distingue également dans le débat autour de l'orthographe du français, avec une préface sur ce sujet que l'on peut qualifier d'originale et de précoce. La rhétorique des paratextes (textes liminaires, portrait de l'auteur) conspire avec les choix d'auteur et de traducteur de Fayard pour faire apparaître un écrivain original et lettré. La comparaison avec les efforts contemporains mieux documentés de Jean Canappe à Lyon, auteur d'une autre traduction (partielle) du même ouvrage de Galien, montre de vifs contrastes. Fayard propose donc une voie et une voix propres, toutes en simplicité calculée, à l'opposé de Galien lui-même.
摘要:本研究在医学文献的背景下,突出了法国人文主义和阿基坦(perigord)中一个被忽视的人物。这是一本鲜为人知的著作,由erve Fayard医生(1548年)翻译成法语的traite des Simples de Galien。对文本作为辅助文本的分析表明,在16世纪中期法语医学书籍生产的动态背景下,一种独特的图书馆方法。法亚德在关于法语拼写的争论中也很突出,关于这个主题的序言可以说是原创和早期的。副文本的修辞(介绍性文本,作者的肖像)与法亚德的作者和译者的选择密谋,以揭示一个原创和受过教育的作家。与里昂的让·卡纳佩(Jean Canappe)同时代的作品进行比较,就会发现鲜明的对比。卡纳佩是盖伦同一本书的另一个(部分)译本的作者。因此,法亚德提出了一种干净的方式和声音,所有这些都是经过计算的简单,与盖伦本人相反。
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引用次数: 0
Rhetoric and Scripture in Augustine's Homiletic Strategy. Tracing the Narrative of Christian Maturation by Michael Glowasky (review) 奥古斯丁说教策略中的修辞学与圣经。迈克尔·格洛瓦斯基追寻基督教成熟的叙事(书评)
3区 哲学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/rht.2023.a900074
Reviewed by: Rhetoric and Scripture in Augustine's Homiletic Strategy. Tracing the Narrative of Christian Maturation by Michael Glowasky Rafał Toczko Michael Glowasky, Rhetoric and Scripture in Augustine's Homiletic Strategy. Tracing the Narrative of Christian Maturation, Supplements to Vigilae Christianae: Texts and Studies of Early Christian Life and Language 166. Leiden, NL: Brill, 2021. 195 pp. ISBN 978-90-04-44668-7. Augustine's rhetoric is experiencing a new wave of scholarly interest. Michael Glowasky's PhD monographic thesis is among the growing number of explorations of Augustine's rhetorical practice, unique in focusing solely on Augustine the preacher. The introduction (1-29) first presents the reasons for selecting this subject and reflects on the problems of studying Augustine's sermons as a coherent corpus. Next, he proposes classifying them into three categories based on the audience's "stages of spiritual maturation" (15): catechumens, neophytes and the faithful. This is novel, as scholars usually discern between catechumens and others, because the rules of participation in liturgy differed between them. Glowasky corroborates his decision with passages from two sermons (353 and 392) in which Augustine makes a parallel between the age of innocence of the newly baptised and infants. Glowasky's division of audiences into three categories is crucial for the whole study, constituting the basis for the selection of material and the method of communicating findings. The grouping is simple and elegant. Closing the introduction, Glowasky outlines his method for approaching Augustine's use of rhetoric and scripture in these three groups. First, he redefines the classical concept of narratio, to apply it more broadly as a way of communication that may replace logical argument to "communicate deeper meaning with more persuasive and emotive force" (23). Glowasky assumes that Augustine drew here on a long Latin rhetorical tradition and made use of narratio in two senses. Firstly, narratio is the story God tells the faithful through creation, history and Scripture. Secondly, the Scripture was understood as the narratio of the sermons. Furthermore, he assumes Augustine used a different type of narratio addressing different groups, applying a forensic narratio addressing neophytes, a deliberative type addressing catechumens, and, preaching to the faithful, "draws out more fully the dialectical quality of narratio." Chapter 2 (30-56) explores the notion of narratio more deeply, building on John O'Banion's controversial claim that, for Quintilian, narratio was [End Page 207] "the orator's fundamental art" (341) and was understood as a thought process and way of communicating rather than a part of speech.1 Glowasky believes that Augustine shared this tradition and hence saw narratio as "a ready-made tool to be used to refer to the strategic ordering of temporal events in order to convey an author's particular meaning" (36). Narratio could substitute
经:奥古斯丁说教策略中的修辞学与圣经。格洛瓦斯基:《奥古斯丁说教策略中的修辞与圣经》。追溯基督教成熟的叙事,《基督教义警补充:早期基督徒生活和语言的文本与研究》166。莱顿,NL: Brill, 2021。195页。ISBN 978-90-04-44668-7。奥古斯丁的修辞学正经历着新一轮的学术兴趣浪潮。迈克尔·格洛瓦斯基的博士论文是对奥古斯丁修辞实践的越来越多的探索之一,其独特之处在于只关注传教士奥古斯丁。引言(1-29)首先提出了选择这个主题的原因,并反映了研究奥古斯丁的讲道作为一个连贯的语料库的问题。接下来,他建议根据听众的“精神成熟阶段”(15)将他们分为三类:慕道者、新信徒和忠实信徒。这是很新奇的,因为学者们通常会区分慕道者和其他人,因为他们参与礼仪的规则不同。格洛瓦斯基用两篇布道(353和392)中的段落证实了他的决定,其中奥古斯丁将新受洗者的天真年龄与婴儿年龄进行了比较。格洛瓦斯基将受众分为三类,这对整个研究至关重要,它构成了材料选择和研究结果交流方法的基础。分组是简单而优雅的。在引言的最后,格洛瓦斯基概述了他在这三组中研究奥古斯丁使用修辞和经文的方法。首先,他重新定义了叙事的经典概念,将其更广泛地应用于一种交流方式,可以取代逻辑论证,“以更有说服力和情感力量传达更深的意义”(23)。格洛瓦斯基认为,奥古斯丁在这里借鉴了悠久的拉丁修辞传统,并在两种意义上使用了叙事。首先,叙事是上帝通过创造、历史和圣经告诉信徒的故事。其次,圣经被理解为布道的叙述。此外,他假设奥古斯丁对不同的群体使用了不同类型的叙述,对新手使用了法医式的叙述,对慕道者使用了深思式的叙述,对信徒讲道,“更充分地引出了叙述的辩证性质”第2章(30-56)更深入地探讨了叙事的概念,建立在约翰·奥班宁(John O'Banion)有争议的主张的基础上,即对昆提利安来说,叙事是“演说家的基本艺术”(341),被理解为一种思维过程和交流方式,而不是演讲的一部分格洛瓦斯基认为奥古斯丁分享了这一传统,因此将叙事视为“一种现成的工具,用于参考时间事件的战略性排序,以传达作者的特定含义”(36)。叙事可以代替逻辑论证,如果安排得当,叙事更有说服力。格洛瓦斯基再次求助于奥巴尼恩和肯尼斯·伯克来解释奥古斯丁将“叙事主要作为解释圣经的工具”(41),但与这两位学者相反,他将这种思想与先前的修辞传统联系起来。这一传统似乎强调,叙事被证明是传达意义的最佳工具。奥古斯丁在《论基督教教义》中将《圣经》描述为连贯可靠的叙述,并将其作为布道的叙述。格洛瓦斯基的论文是基于奥巴宁关于昆提连的文章。然而,昆提连在他的巨著中说了很多关于叙事的事情——有些是矛盾的。但主要的困难在于,没有任何证据表明奥古斯丁非常了解这些机构。它们并没有被用作修辞学手册,当时的教学主要是《论发明》和《修辞学与现代》,以及许多借鉴它们的书籍,这些书籍的作者是马里乌斯·维克多里努斯、格里留斯和其他修辞学辅修者。第3章(57-88)致力于证明奥古斯丁对慕道者的布道试图说服他们进入天主教会,因为这是唯一可以获得救赎的地方(57)。格洛瓦斯基观察到奥古斯丁关于向教理问答者讲道的技术建议《教理问答》与西塞罗在司法演讲中的叙事观点有很多相似之处。奥古斯丁在同一本书中的两篇演讲样本集中于通过叙述来描述教会的特征。
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引用次数: 0
Addresses of Contributors 投稿人地址
3区 哲学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/rht.2023.a900078
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引用次数: 0
Review: From Humanism to Hobbes: Studies in Rhetoric and Politics, by Quentin Skinner 书评:从人文主义到霍布斯:修辞学与政治学研究,作者:昆汀·斯金纳
IF 0.5 3区 哲学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.1525/rh.2020.38.1.118
K. Eden
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引用次数: 0
期刊
RHETORICA-A JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF RHETORIC
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