A. Poudel, Anjana Lamichhane, Sital Gautam, G. Ghimire, S. Sharma
Background. Lockdown is recognized as an effective measure in limiting the spread of coronavirus (COVID-19) throughout the world. However, recurrent COVID-19 infection and the extension of lockdown have threatened the livelihoods of people, mainly socioeconomic and mental health dimensions. Objective. The present study is aimed at identifying the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the daily life and mental health of the general population of Nepal. Furthermore, the study identified the predictors of the mental health status of the people during COVID-19 lockdown. Methods. The study was conducted among 354 Nepalese people specifically the breadwinner of the family. Respondents completed the questionnaires related to the sociodemographic characteristics, COVID-19, and its impact on various aspects of life, including mental health via Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 items (DASS-21). Data was collected through the web-based method, Google Forms questionnaire. Respondents were contacted through email and social networks (Facebook, Messenger, WhatsApp, and Viber) following a snowball approach. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Logistic regression analysis was done to identify significant demographic, COVID-related, and socioeconomic factors associated with mental health outcomes. Results. Based on DASS-21 scores, the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 46.6% (mild: 22.3%, moderate: 16.7%, severe: 6.5%, and extremely severe: 1.1), 42.1% (mild: 10.2%, moderate: 18.6%, severe: 11.6%, and extremely severe: 1.7%), and 39% (mild: 16.7%, moderate: 12.7%, and severe: 9.6%), respectively. Various factors associated with COVID-19, its lockdown measures, and sociodemographic characteristics of the people were identified as the significant predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress among the general population of Nepal. Conclusion. The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on individuals’ work, income, education, living standard, lifestyle, and consequently mental health is significant. The study findings warrant the importance of understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals’ all aspects of life and timely monitoring and appropriate intervention on risk groups to reduce the severity and chronicity of mental health problems.
{"title":"Recurrent COVID-19 Waves and Lockdown: Impact on Daily Life and Mental Health of People in Nepal","authors":"A. Poudel, Anjana Lamichhane, Sital Gautam, G. Ghimire, S. Sharma","doi":"10.1155/2023/1930093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1930093","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Lockdown is recognized as an effective measure in limiting the spread of coronavirus (COVID-19) throughout the world. However, recurrent COVID-19 infection and the extension of lockdown have threatened the livelihoods of people, mainly socioeconomic and mental health dimensions. Objective. The present study is aimed at identifying the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the daily life and mental health of the general population of Nepal. Furthermore, the study identified the predictors of the mental health status of the people during COVID-19 lockdown. Methods. The study was conducted among 354 Nepalese people specifically the breadwinner of the family. Respondents completed the questionnaires related to the sociodemographic characteristics, COVID-19, and its impact on various aspects of life, including mental health via Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 items (DASS-21). Data was collected through the web-based method, Google Forms questionnaire. Respondents were contacted through email and social networks (Facebook, Messenger, WhatsApp, and Viber) following a snowball approach. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Logistic regression analysis was done to identify significant demographic, COVID-related, and socioeconomic factors associated with mental health outcomes. Results. Based on DASS-21 scores, the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 46.6% (mild: 22.3%, moderate: 16.7%, severe: 6.5%, and extremely severe: 1.1), 42.1% (mild: 10.2%, moderate: 18.6%, severe: 11.6%, and extremely severe: 1.7%), and 39% (mild: 16.7%, moderate: 12.7%, and severe: 9.6%), respectively. Various factors associated with COVID-19, its lockdown measures, and sociodemographic characteristics of the people were identified as the significant predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress among the general population of Nepal. Conclusion. The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on individuals’ work, income, education, living standard, lifestyle, and consequently mental health is significant. The study findings warrant the importance of understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals’ all aspects of life and timely monitoring and appropriate intervention on risk groups to reduce the severity and chronicity of mental health problems.","PeriodicalId":44029,"journal":{"name":"Mental Illness","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82493343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Resilience plays a pivotal role to offset stress among families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although the majority of previous studies investigated resilience in parents, it is unclear what factors contribute to resilience in children. Thus, we aimed to explore resilience experienced by parents of children with ASD and how it affects children’s resilience. We invited 50 parents of a child with ASD, 13 years old or younger, across various Canadian provinces in an online survey. Parental resilience was positively associated with household income and negatively associated with parental stress. Resilience in children with ASD was positively associated with their social participation at home and community. Findings indicate a relationship between resilience in children with ASD and their participation, suggesting new ways to increase resilience in children with ASD by enhancing their participation.
{"title":"Resilience among Parents and Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"Parisa Ghanouni, Laura Eves","doi":"10.1155/2023/2925530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2925530","url":null,"abstract":"Resilience plays a pivotal role to offset stress among families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although the majority of previous studies investigated resilience in parents, it is unclear what factors contribute to resilience in children. Thus, we aimed to explore resilience experienced by parents of children with ASD and how it affects children’s resilience. We invited 50 parents of a child with ASD, 13 years old or younger, across various Canadian provinces in an online survey. Parental resilience was positively associated with household income and negatively associated with parental stress. Resilience in children with ASD was positively associated with their social participation at home and community. Findings indicate a relationship between resilience in children with ASD and their participation, suggesting new ways to increase resilience in children with ASD by enhancing their participation.","PeriodicalId":44029,"journal":{"name":"Mental Illness","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89887496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. M. Maruf, Farzana Rabin Shormi, M. Sajib, Panchanan Acharjee, Hosnea Ara, S. Roy, Srijony Ahmed, S. Arafat
Objectives. Literacy and stigma of suicide among doctors affect health-service delivery for persons with suicidal behavior. However, no attempt has been identified to assess those among physicians in Bangladesh. We aimed to determine the level and associated factors of suicide literacy and stigma toward suicide among physicians in Bangladesh. Methods. We collected data from 203 physicians in February 2022 by Google Forms. We used the Bangla literacy of suicide scale (LOSS-B) and the Bangla stigma of suicide scale (SOSS-B) to assess the literacy and stigma of suicide. The instrument also included questions for collecting sociodemographic variables and assessing suicidal behavior. Results. The mean age of the physicians was 34.17 ± 7.86 (range 23–66) years, 109 (53.7%) were females, 150 (73.9%) were married, and 181 (89.2%) were Muslim. The mean LOSS-B score was 5.9 ± 1.96 (range 1-10). Suicide literacy was higher in singles ( p = 0.013 ), doctors with a family history of suicide ( p = 0.018 ), a history of suicidal thought in lifetime ( p ≤ 0.001 ), and in the last year ( p = 0.03 ). Muslims ( p = 0.017 ) and city dwellers ( p = 0.021 ) had higher scores in the stigma subscale of SOSS-B whilst respondents with history of mental illness had a significantly lower level of stigma ( p ≤ 0.006 ). The stigma and isolation subscales were positively correlated indicating a higher value stigma creates higher isolation ( p ≤ 0.001 ). No relationship between suicide literacy and suicide stigma was identified among the physicians. Conclusions. Suicide literacy among the physicians of Bangladesh is low albeit higher than the level among the students. Appropriate programs should be designed to improve the status quo because physicians play fundamental roles as health-service providers as well as gatekeepers in suicide prevention.
{"title":"Level and Associated Factors of Literacy and Stigma of Suicide among Bangladeshi Physicians: A Cross-Sectional Assessment","authors":"M. M. Maruf, Farzana Rabin Shormi, M. Sajib, Panchanan Acharjee, Hosnea Ara, S. Roy, Srijony Ahmed, S. Arafat","doi":"10.1155/2022/9914388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9914388","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. Literacy and stigma of suicide among doctors affect health-service delivery for persons with suicidal behavior. However, no attempt has been identified to assess those among physicians in Bangladesh. We aimed to determine the level and associated factors of suicide literacy and stigma toward suicide among physicians in Bangladesh. Methods. We collected data from 203 physicians in February 2022 by Google Forms. We used the Bangla literacy of suicide scale (LOSS-B) and the Bangla stigma of suicide scale (SOSS-B) to assess the literacy and stigma of suicide. The instrument also included questions for collecting sociodemographic variables and assessing suicidal behavior. Results. The mean age of the physicians was \u0000 \u0000 34.17\u0000 ±\u0000 7.86\u0000 \u0000 (range 23–66) years, 109 (53.7%) were females, 150 (73.9%) were married, and 181 (89.2%) were Muslim. The mean LOSS-B score was \u0000 \u0000 5.9\u0000 ±\u0000 1.96\u0000 \u0000 (range 1-10). Suicide literacy was higher in singles (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 =\u0000 0.013\u0000 \u0000 ), doctors with a family history of suicide (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 =\u0000 0.018\u0000 \u0000 ), a history of suicidal thought in lifetime (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 ≤\u0000 0.001\u0000 \u0000 ), and in the last year (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 =\u0000 0.03\u0000 \u0000 ). Muslims (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 =\u0000 0.017\u0000 \u0000 ) and city dwellers (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 =\u0000 0.021\u0000 \u0000 ) had higher scores in the stigma subscale of SOSS-B whilst respondents with history of mental illness had a significantly lower level of stigma (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 ≤\u0000 0.006\u0000 \u0000 ). The stigma and isolation subscales were positively correlated indicating a higher value stigma creates higher isolation (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 ≤\u0000 0.001\u0000 \u0000 ). No relationship between suicide literacy and suicide stigma was identified among the physicians. Conclusions. Suicide literacy among the physicians of Bangladesh is low albeit higher than the level among the students. Appropriate programs should be designed to improve the status quo because physicians play fundamental roles as health-service providers as well as gatekeepers in suicide prevention.","PeriodicalId":44029,"journal":{"name":"Mental Illness","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74603994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Arafat, Fahad Hussain, R. Amin, V. Menon, Md. Khayrul Islam, A. S. M. Redwan, M. A. S. Khan
Objectives. Assessment of suicide cognition would help to measure the enduring suicide risk and to predict the risk of a suicide attempt. However, no previous attempt was identified to validate the suicide cognition scale in Bangla. We aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Brief Suicide Cognitions Scale (BSCS) in Bangla. Methods. We conducted this validation study among 529 medical and university students. We collected the responses by Google Forms with the translated version of BSCS from 20 August to 20 October 2022. We assessed internal consistency form of reliability, face validity, content validity, construct validity, concurrent validity, and discriminant validity. Results. The mean age of the respondents was 23.32 ± 1.73 years; 52.5% were males, 92% were single, 75% were undergraduate students, 40.24% were studying in medical schools, 18.53% had a chronic illness, 9.45% had a mental illness, 4.16% had a family history of suicide, and 11.15% had previous nonfatal attempts. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.84, and factor analysis revealed unidimensional construct with six items with a good model fit. The BSCS showed acceptable convergent and discriminant validity. Conclusion. This study assessed the psychometric properties of Bangla BSCS among students which found acceptable reliability and validity. Further studies could test the validation especially among clinical samples to assess the predictive validity of the instrument.
{"title":"Psychometric Properties of the Bangla Brief Suicide Cognitions Scale among University Level Students","authors":"S. Arafat, Fahad Hussain, R. Amin, V. Menon, Md. Khayrul Islam, A. S. M. Redwan, M. A. S. Khan","doi":"10.1155/2022/2327630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2327630","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. Assessment of suicide cognition would help to measure the enduring suicide risk and to predict the risk of a suicide attempt. However, no previous attempt was identified to validate the suicide cognition scale in Bangla. We aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Brief Suicide Cognitions Scale (BSCS) in Bangla. Methods. We conducted this validation study among 529 medical and university students. We collected the responses by Google Forms with the translated version of BSCS from 20 August to 20 October 2022. We assessed internal consistency form of reliability, face validity, content validity, construct validity, concurrent validity, and discriminant validity. Results. The mean age of the respondents was \u0000 \u0000 23.32\u0000 ±\u0000 1.73\u0000 \u0000 years; 52.5% were males, 92% were single, 75% were undergraduate students, 40.24% were studying in medical schools, 18.53% had a chronic illness, 9.45% had a mental illness, 4.16% had a family history of suicide, and 11.15% had previous nonfatal attempts. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.84, and factor analysis revealed unidimensional construct with six items with a good model fit. The BSCS showed acceptable convergent and discriminant validity. Conclusion. This study assessed the psychometric properties of Bangla BSCS among students which found acceptable reliability and validity. Further studies could test the validation especially among clinical samples to assess the predictive validity of the instrument.","PeriodicalId":44029,"journal":{"name":"Mental Illness","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88113763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives. Parenting is the general child-rearing practice that has both long- and short-term impacts on the physical, emotional, mental, and social development of the children. We aims at seeing the relationship between parenting style and suicidal behaviors. Methods. A search was conducted in Medline, Embase, and PsychINFO to identify the articles assessing the relationship between different types of parenting styles and suicidal behavior. We included 32 articles in the review published from inception to search date. Results. Among the 32 studies, 27 studies used a cross-sectional study design, 17 were published between 2011 and 2020, and most of the studies included respondents with ages between 9 and 21 years. A wide variety of the used instruments to assess suicidal behavior, and parenting style was noted. Eight studies revealed that authoritarian parenting style is one of the predictors of suicidal behavior, while one study reported the authoritarian parenting style as a resilient factor. Both dominating and flexible parenting styles were associated with higher suicidal behavior, and two studies reported that the permissive style is a contributing factor to suicidal ideation among participants. Conclusion. This review identified the supportive notion that authoritarian parenting style has an association with suicidal behavior in adolescence, and later life. However, a prudential judgment is warranted due to the heterogeneity of study methods, population, contexts, and measurement tools.
{"title":"Parenting Style and Suicidal Behavior: A Focused Review","authors":"S. Arafat, V. Menon, M. Dinesh, R. Kabir","doi":"10.1155/2022/2138650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2138650","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. Parenting is the general child-rearing practice that has both long- and short-term impacts on the physical, emotional, mental, and social development of the children. We aims at seeing the relationship between parenting style and suicidal behaviors. Methods. A search was conducted in Medline, Embase, and PsychINFO to identify the articles assessing the relationship between different types of parenting styles and suicidal behavior. We included 32 articles in the review published from inception to search date. Results. Among the 32 studies, 27 studies used a cross-sectional study design, 17 were published between 2011 and 2020, and most of the studies included respondents with ages between 9 and 21 years. A wide variety of the used instruments to assess suicidal behavior, and parenting style was noted. Eight studies revealed that authoritarian parenting style is one of the predictors of suicidal behavior, while one study reported the authoritarian parenting style as a resilient factor. Both dominating and flexible parenting styles were associated with higher suicidal behavior, and two studies reported that the permissive style is a contributing factor to suicidal ideation among participants. Conclusion. This review identified the supportive notion that authoritarian parenting style has an association with suicidal behavior in adolescence, and later life. However, a prudential judgment is warranted due to the heterogeneity of study methods, population, contexts, and measurement tools.","PeriodicalId":44029,"journal":{"name":"Mental Illness","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74717263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huriyyah Abdullah Alfaraj, Fatmah H Alsharif, M. Elhady
Background. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are a vulnerable group to psychological distress (PD) because they are subjected to strict working conditions, and the nature of the work implies a heavy level of emotional involvement. Objective. This study is aimed at determining psychological distress among healthcare workers with chronic diseases during the COVID-19 crisis. Methods. This was a quantitative cross-sectional correlation study. An online self-administered questionnaire was completed from July 2021 to October 2021 by a convenience sample of 302 HCWs at two primary healthcare centers in Saudi Arabia. The Kessler psychological distress scale was used to assess psychological distress among HCWs. Results. The prevalence of HCWs who contracted COVID-19 was 59.9%. The overall mean score of K10 was 4.38 ( SD = 0.706 ). The majority of HCWs that had the highest percentage of a very high level of distress were female (66.2%), between the ages of 30 and 40 years (35.1%), had more than 10 years of work experience (48.0%), and were nurses (49.7%), married (61.6%), and infected with COVID-19 (59.9%). There was a significant association between the age, working experience, and PD scores of the HCWs P value < 0.05. A significant correlation between each of the variables of (heart disease, high blood pressure, lung disease, diabetes, ulcer, anemia, depression, and back pain) and PD whereas the P value < 0.05 and the R value < 0.3. Conclusion. HCWs with associated comorbidities have been greatly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. There was a very high level of PD among the studied population. HCWs with hypertension and back pain were the most affected by psychological distress, and emotional distress could be exacerbated if the HCWs contracted COVID-19.
{"title":"Psychological Distress among Healthcare Workers with Chronic Diseases during the COVID-19 Crisis","authors":"Huriyyah Abdullah Alfaraj, Fatmah H Alsharif, M. Elhady","doi":"10.1155/2022/6653259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6653259","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are a vulnerable group to psychological distress (PD) because they are subjected to strict working conditions, and the nature of the work implies a heavy level of emotional involvement. Objective. This study is aimed at determining psychological distress among healthcare workers with chronic diseases during the COVID-19 crisis. Methods. This was a quantitative cross-sectional correlation study. An online self-administered questionnaire was completed from July 2021 to October 2021 by a convenience sample of 302 HCWs at two primary healthcare centers in Saudi Arabia. The Kessler psychological distress scale was used to assess psychological distress among HCWs. Results. The prevalence of HCWs who contracted COVID-19 was 59.9%. The overall mean score of K10 was 4.38 (\u0000 \u0000 SD\u0000 =\u0000 0.706\u0000 \u0000 ). The majority of HCWs that had the highest percentage of a very high level of distress were female (66.2%), between the ages of 30 and 40 years (35.1%), had more than 10 years of work experience (48.0%), and were nurses (49.7%), married (61.6%), and infected with COVID-19 (59.9%). There was a significant association between the age, working experience, and PD scores of the HCWs \u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 \u0000 value < 0.05. A significant correlation between each of the variables of (heart disease, high blood pressure, lung disease, diabetes, ulcer, anemia, depression, and back pain) and PD whereas the \u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 \u0000 value < 0.05 and the \u0000 \u0000 R\u0000 \u0000 value < 0.3. Conclusion. HCWs with associated comorbidities have been greatly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. There was a very high level of PD among the studied population. HCWs with hypertension and back pain were the most affected by psychological distress, and emotional distress could be exacerbated if the HCWs contracted COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":44029,"journal":{"name":"Mental Illness","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73159185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-29DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-789471/v1
N. A. Alareqe, S. Hassan, E. Kamarudin, Musheer Abdulwahid Al-Jaberi, M. Nordin, Nadeem Mohamed Ashureay, Lubna Ali Mohammed
Objectives: This study aimed to test and validate the two-factors measurement model of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI). Specifically, this paper reported construct, convergent and divergent validities of the internalizing-externalizing MCMI model of adult psychopathology using a psychiatric sample from a developing society, the Republic of Yemen. Methods: MCMI was distributed among 232 outpatients from the Hospital of Taiz City and two private psychiatry clinics in Yemen; data were collected using structured interviews in four months. The Maximum Likelihood (ML) was used in Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and the Confirmatory Factory Analysis (CFA) to explore and confirm the latent underlying MCMI and verifying evidence of convergent and discriminate validity. Results: The CFA results indicated that MCMI was a good fit for the internalizing-externalizing model of adult psychopathology. The results of the CFA confirmed that evidence of convergent and discriminant validity characterized MCMI with the internalizing and externalizing model. Conclusion: The adult psychopathology of internalizing and externalizing is a valid model by MCMI with ten personality disorders and eight clinical syndromes. Thus, practical clinical implications are suggested.
{"title":"Validity of Adult Psychopathology Model Using Psychiatric Patients Sample From a Developing Country: Confirmatory Factor Analysis","authors":"N. A. Alareqe, S. Hassan, E. Kamarudin, Musheer Abdulwahid Al-Jaberi, M. Nordin, Nadeem Mohamed Ashureay, Lubna Ali Mohammed","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-789471/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-789471/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Objectives: This study aimed to test and validate the two-factors measurement model of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI). Specifically, this paper reported construct, convergent and divergent validities of the internalizing-externalizing MCMI model of adult psychopathology using a psychiatric sample from a developing society, the Republic of Yemen. Methods: MCMI was distributed among 232 outpatients from the Hospital of Taiz City and two private psychiatry clinics in Yemen; data were collected using structured interviews in four months. The Maximum Likelihood (ML) was used in Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and the Confirmatory Factory Analysis (CFA) to explore and confirm the latent underlying MCMI and verifying evidence of convergent and discriminate validity. Results: The CFA results indicated that MCMI was a good fit for the internalizing-externalizing model of adult psychopathology. The results of the CFA confirmed that evidence of convergent and discriminant validity characterized MCMI with the internalizing and externalizing model. Conclusion: The adult psychopathology of internalizing and externalizing is a valid model by MCMI with ten personality disorders and eight clinical syndromes. Thus, practical clinical implications are suggested.","PeriodicalId":44029,"journal":{"name":"Mental Illness","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82281973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-17DOI: 10.1108/MIJ-05-2021-0002
M. Adu, E. Eboreime, A. Sapara, A. Greenshaw, P. Chue, V. Agyapong
Purpose This paper aims to explore the relevant literature available regarding the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a mode of treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD); to evaluate the evidence to support the use of rTMS as a treatment option for OCD. Design/methodology/approach The authors electronically conducted data search in five research databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Psych INFO, SCOPUS and EMBASE) using all identified keywords and index terms across all the databases to identify empirical studies and randomized controlled trials. The authors included articles published with randomized control designs, which aimed at the treatment of OCD with rTMS. Only full-text published articles written in English were reviewed. Review articles on treatment for conditions other than OCD were excluded. The Covidence software was used to manage and streamline the review. Findings Despite the inconsistencies in the published literature, the application of rTMS over the supplementary motor area and the orbitofrontal cortex has proven to be promising in efficacy and tolerability compared with other target regions such as the prefrontal cortex for the treatment of OCD. Despite the diversity in terms of the outcomes and clinical variability of the studies under review, rTMS appears to be a promising treatment intervention for OCD. Research limitations/implications The authors of this scoping review acknowledge several limitations. First, the search strategy considered only studies published in English and the results are up to date as the last day of the electronic data search of December 10, 2020. Though every effort was made to identify all relevant studies for the purposes of this review per the eligibility criteria, the authors still may have missed some relevant studies, especially those published in other languages. Originality/value This review brought to bare the varying literature on the application of rTMS and what is considered gaps in the knowledge in this area in an attempt to evaluate and provide information on the potential therapeutic effects of rTMS for OCD.
{"title":"The use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a scoping review","authors":"M. Adu, E. Eboreime, A. Sapara, A. Greenshaw, P. Chue, V. Agyapong","doi":"10.1108/MIJ-05-2021-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/MIJ-05-2021-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose This paper aims to explore the relevant literature available regarding the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a mode of treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD); to evaluate the evidence to support the use of rTMS as a treatment option for OCD. Design/methodology/approach The authors electronically conducted data search in five research databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Psych INFO, SCOPUS and EMBASE) using all identified keywords and index terms across all the databases to identify empirical studies and randomized controlled trials. The authors included articles published with randomized control designs, which aimed at the treatment of OCD with rTMS. Only full-text published articles written in English were reviewed. Review articles on treatment for conditions other than OCD were excluded. The Covidence software was used to manage and streamline the review. Findings Despite the inconsistencies in the published literature, the application of rTMS over the supplementary motor area and the orbitofrontal cortex has proven to be promising in efficacy and tolerability compared with other target regions such as the prefrontal cortex for the treatment of OCD. Despite the diversity in terms of the outcomes and clinical variability of the studies under review, rTMS appears to be a promising treatment intervention for OCD. Research limitations/implications The authors of this scoping review acknowledge several limitations. First, the search strategy considered only studies published in English and the results are up to date as the last day of the electronic data search of December 10, 2020. Though every effort was made to identify all relevant studies for the purposes of this review per the eligibility criteria, the authors still may have missed some relevant studies, especially those published in other languages. Originality/value This review brought to bare the varying literature on the application of rTMS and what is considered gaps in the knowledge in this area in an attempt to evaluate and provide information on the potential therapeutic effects of rTMS for OCD.","PeriodicalId":44029,"journal":{"name":"Mental Illness","volume":"55 1","pages":"1 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82838413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-30eCollection Date: 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1108/MIJ-06-2020-0011
Mohamed Saih Mahfouz, Suhaila Abdalkarim Ali, Haya Ahmed Alqahtani, Amani Ahmad Kubaisi, Najla Mohammed Ashiri, Eshrag Hassan Daghriri, Shaima Ali Alzahrani, Azhar Ahmed Sowaidi, Afnan Mousa Maashi, Doa'a Albarag Alhazmi
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of burnout syndrome and its associated factors among medical students at Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 440 randomly selected medical students at Jazan University. The questionnaire used for this study was based on the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory.
Findings: The overall prevalence of burnout was estimated at 60.2% (95% CI 55.6-64.8). The prevalence was higher for females (64.1%) than for males (56.2%) but without statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). On average, the students scored the highest averages in the personal burnout category, followed by the study-related and client-related burnout categories. In the multivariate analysis, a lower age (beta = -3.17, p = 0.026), female (beta = -0.896, p = 0.016), and having better burnout knowledge (beta = 0.710, p = 0.025) predict significantly higher personal burnout.
Practical implications: It is necessary to implement strategies to reduce the incidence of burnout among medical students for the sake of a better quality of life for future doctors.
Originality/value: There is a high prevalence of burnout among Jazan's medical students.
目的:本研究的目的是评估沙特阿拉伯王国吉赞大学医学生中职业倦怠综合征的患病率及其相关因素。设计/方法/方法:在吉赞大学随机抽取440名医科学生进行横断面调查。本研究使用的问卷基于哥本哈根倦怠量表。研究结果:倦怠的总体患病率估计为60.2% (95% CI 55.6-64.8)。女性患病率(64.1%)高于男性(56.2%)，但差异无统计学意义(p > 0.05)。平均而言，学生在个人倦怠类别中得分最高，其次是学习相关和客户相关的倦怠类别。在多变量分析中，年龄越低(beta = -3.17, p = 0.026)、女性越低(beta = -0.896, p = 0.016)、倦怠知识越丰富(beta = 0.710, p = 0.025)的个体倦怠程度越高。现实意义:为了提高未来医生的生活质量，有必要实施降低医学生职业倦怠发生率的策略。原创性/价值:在吉赞的医学生中，职业倦怠的发生率很高。
{"title":"Burnout and its associated factors among medical students of Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Mohamed Saih Mahfouz, Suhaila Abdalkarim Ali, Haya Ahmed Alqahtani, Amani Ahmad Kubaisi, Najla Mohammed Ashiri, Eshrag Hassan Daghriri, Shaima Ali Alzahrani, Azhar Ahmed Sowaidi, Afnan Mousa Maashi, Doa'a Albarag Alhazmi","doi":"10.1108/MIJ-06-2020-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/MIJ-06-2020-0011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of burnout syndrome and its associated factors among medical students at Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Design/methodology/approach: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 440 randomly selected medical students at Jazan University. The questionnaire used for this study was based on the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The overall prevalence of burnout was estimated at 60.2% (95% CI 55.6-64.8). The prevalence was higher for females (64.1%) than for males (56.2%) but without statistically significant differences (<i>p</i> > 0.05). On average, the students scored the highest averages in the personal burnout category, followed by the study-related and client-related burnout categories. In the multivariate analysis, a lower age (beta = -3.17, <i>p</i> = 0.026), female (beta = -0.896, <i>p</i> = 0.016), and having better burnout knowledge (beta = 0.710, <i>p</i> = 0.025) predict significantly higher personal burnout.</p><p><strong>Practical implications: </strong>It is necessary to implement strategies to reduce the incidence of burnout among medical students for the sake of a better quality of life for future doctors.</p><p><strong>Originality/value: </strong>There is a high prevalence of burnout among Jazan's medical students.</p>","PeriodicalId":44029,"journal":{"name":"Mental Illness","volume":"12 2","pages":"35-42"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/MIJ-06-2020-0011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25315631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-27eCollection Date: 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1108/MIJ-02-2020-0005
Kishen Berra, Charles Nguyen, Peter Bota
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to discover if there is a correlation between scores on the Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Cognitive and Physical Functioning Questionnaire (CPFQ) scores of 43 patients with major depression.
Design/methodology/approach: In total, 43 adult patients with major depression were evaluated during their regularly scheduled outpatient appointment in a mental health clinic.
Findings: There was an R2 value of 0.6544 between the patients' scores, a moderate-to-strong correlation which matches other observations that cognitive impairment increases in conjunction with severity of depression. This correlation lends further clinical support to the legitimacy of using the CPFQ as a simpler alternative to traditional neuropsychological testing, with further testing of the correlation between CPFQ and traditional neuropsychological testing results being a worthwhile potential field of study.
Originality/value: Cognitive dysfunction is a frequent comorbidity in patients with depression, but while there is a brief and effective self- assessment for depression, the BDI, in common use, there is no equivalent test for cognitive dysfunction, and physicians are forced to rely on less accessible methods of neuropsychological testing.
{"title":"Comparison of self-rating of cognition and depression in patients with major depressive disorder.","authors":"Kishen Berra, Charles Nguyen, Peter Bota","doi":"10.1108/MIJ-02-2020-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/MIJ-02-2020-0005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this paper is to discover if there is a correlation between scores on the Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Cognitive and Physical Functioning Questionnaire (CPFQ) scores of 43 patients with major depression.</p><p><strong>Design/methodology/approach: </strong>In total, 43 adult patients with major depression were evaluated during their regularly scheduled outpatient appointment in a mental health clinic.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>There was an <i>R<sup>2</sup></i> value of 0.6544 between the patients' scores, a moderate-to-strong correlation which matches other observations that cognitive impairment increases in conjunction with severity of depression. This correlation lends further clinical support to the legitimacy of using the CPFQ as a simpler alternative to traditional neuropsychological testing, with further testing of the correlation between CPFQ and traditional neuropsychological testing results being a worthwhile potential field of study.</p><p><strong>Originality/value: </strong>Cognitive dysfunction is a frequent comorbidity in patients with depression, but while there is a brief and effective self- assessment for depression, the BDI, in common use, there is no equivalent test for cognitive dysfunction, and physicians are forced to rely on less accessible methods of neuropsychological testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":44029,"journal":{"name":"Mental Illness","volume":"12 2","pages":"31-33"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2020-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/MIJ-02-2020-0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38868312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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