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The “sound of silence” in Granada during the COVID-19 lockdown 新冠肺炎封锁期间格拉纳达的“沉默之声”
IF 2.8 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/noise-2021-0002
Jerónimo Vida Manzano, José Antonio Almagro Pastor, R. Quesada, F. Aletta, T. Oberman, A. Mitchell, Jian Kang
Abstract Exceptional circumstances in the city of Granada due to the COVID-19 lockdown have provided the opportunity to characterise the impact of humans on its urban acoustic climate. Traditional environmental noise management and urban sound planning usually take into account noise sources in the city, such as industrial activities or road traffic noise, in model estimations, as well as in empirical research. But trying to isolate human impact by itself, human activity including social activity, walking, talking or just going around the city, has always been a difficult or even impossible task. The COVID-19 lockdown measures have provided the opportunity to study urban climate as never before, affected just by natural or animal noise sources. Previous soundscape research at some iconic sites in the city of Granada carried out in 2019 before the lockdown and a special measuring campaign carried out at the same locations during the lockdown in 2020 offered valuable information on sound levels and local characteristics in order to carry out this comparison. Results show a great change in environmental noise levels that is interesting not only because of its magnitude, but also for its implications, especially at those sites where social human activity was an identifying characteristic. Natural or animal sounds became surprisingly evident at some study sites, especially where road traffic noise dramatically decreased, leading to significantly lower background noise levels. Important spectral changes are observed before and during the lockdown, suggesting a shift from anthropic to animal sources in the acoustic environment.
摘要由于新冠肺炎封锁,格拉纳达市的特殊情况为描述人类对其城市声学气候的影响提供了机会。传统的环境噪声管理和城市声音规划通常在模型估计和实证研究中考虑城市中的噪声源,如工业活动或道路交通噪声。但是,试图单独隔离人类的影响,人类活动,包括社交活动、散步、交谈或只是在城市里四处走动,一直是一项困难甚至不可能的任务。新冠肺炎封锁措施为研究城市气候提供了前所未有的机会,只受自然或动物噪声源的影响。2019年封锁前在格拉纳达市的一些标志性地点进行的先前声景研究,以及2020年封锁期间在同一地点进行的一项特别测量活动,为进行这一比较提供了关于声级和当地特征的宝贵信息。结果显示,环境噪声水平发生了巨大变化,这不仅因为其幅度,还因为其影响,特别是在那些社会人类活动是识别特征的地方。自然或动物的声音在一些研究地点变得惊人地明显,尤其是在道路交通噪音显著降低的地方,导致背景噪音水平显著降低。在封锁之前和封锁期间观察到了重要的光谱变化,这表明声学环境中从人类源向动物源的转变。
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引用次数: 22
Noise monitoring in Monza (Italy) during COVID-19 pandemic by means of the smart network of sensors developed in the LIFE MONZA project 利用LIFE Monza项目开发的智能传感器网络,在意大利蒙扎进行COVID-19大流行期间的噪音监测
IF 2.8 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/noise-2020-0017
Chiara Bartalucci, Francesco Borchi, M. Carfagni
Abstract As a scientific consequence of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, several initiatives have taken place in order to monitor noise levels trends before and after the lock down phase in several Italian and European cities. In Monza (Italy), since June 2017, a new smart noise monitoring system consisting of 10 sensors developed in the frame of the LIFE MONZA project is continuously measuring acoustic data every second and transmitting them hourly to a dedicated server. The sensors are located both along a main street of the Libertà district characterised by high traffic flows and along secondary streets of the district; they are positioned on (preferably sensitive) buildings facades and on streetlamps. In the present paper results of a study concerning changes occurred in noise levels trends before and during the lock down phase for the smart sensors are presented, together with a comparison with noise levels collected by the same sensors in the equivalent months of the previous year. Some preliminary considerations regarding the reliability of the sensors themselves are also provided.
摘要作为新冠肺炎疫情蔓延的科学后果,意大利和欧洲几个城市采取了几项举措,以监测封锁阶段前后的噪音水平趋势。在蒙扎(意大利),自2017年6月以来,LIFE Monza项目框架内开发的一个由10个传感器组成的新型智能噪声监测系统每秒持续测量声学数据,并每小时将其传输到专用服务器。传感器既位于Libertà区以高交通流量为特征的主要街道上,也位于该区的次要街道上;它们位于(最好是敏感的)建筑物外墙和路灯上。在本文中,介绍了一项关于智能传感器在锁定阶段之前和期间噪声水平趋势变化的研究结果,以及与前一年同等月份相同传感器收集的噪声水平的比较。还提供了关于传感器本身的可靠性的一些初步考虑。
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引用次数: 16
Predicting the effect of electric and hybrid-electric aviation on acoustic pollution 预测电动和混合动力航空对声污染的影响
IF 2.8 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/noise-2020-0004
C. Riboldi, L. Trainelli, L. Mariani, A. Rolando, F. Salucci
Abstract In the quest for the reduction of noise pollution, novel hybrid-electric or fully-electric power-trains promise to provide a substantial contribution. Especially closer to airfields, where acceptability issues tend to limit air operations with conventional fuel-burning engines, such novel power-trains allow to fly terminal maneuvers with a dramatically reduced impact on pollution. Considering the General Aviation (GA) field, where such new types of propulsion are more likely to gain a significant market share thanks to their favorable characteristics for this weight category, the reduction of the noise impact on ground may increase the infrastructural value of smaller airfields, often located in densely populated areas. This in turn would help in making novel power-train technologies economically advantageous at a system level. Despite these evident advantages, a methodology to quantify noise emissions of a novel type of power-train has not been identified yet – a fundamental step towards the assessment of the potential contribution of hybrid-electric or fully-electric aircraft to the global scenario of future aviation. This work introduces and discusses a possible procedure to provide such estimation. While mainly focused on the field of propeller-driven GA aircraft, the procedure presented herein can be easily scaled to cope with the specific features of heavier categories.
摘要在寻求减少噪音污染的过程中,新型混合动力或全电动动力系统有望做出重大贡献。尤其是在靠近机场的地方,在那里,可接受性问题往往会限制传统燃油发动机的空中操作,这种新型动力传动系统可以进行末端机动飞行,大大减少对污染的影响。考虑到通用航空(GA)领域,由于其对该重量类别的有利特性,这种新型推进更有可能获得显著的市场份额,减少对地面的噪音影响可能会增加小型机场的基础设施价值,这些机场通常位于人口稠密区。这反过来将有助于使新型动力传动系技术在系统层面上具有经济优势。尽管有这些明显的优势,但量化新型动力传动系噪声排放的方法尚未确定——这是评估混合动力或全电动飞机对未来航空全球场景的潜在贡献的基本步骤。这项工作介绍并讨论了提供这种估计的可能程序。虽然主要集中在螺旋桨驱动的GA飞机领域,但本文提出的程序可以很容易地扩展,以应对较重类别的特定特征。
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引用次数: 22
Daytime perimeter environmental noise in the vicinity of four hospitals in the city of Lima, Peru 秘鲁利马市四家医院附近的日间周边环境噪声
IF 2.8 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/noise-2020-0020
Alberto E. García-Rivero, R. Yuli-Posadas, Warren Reátegui Romero, O. Sánchez-Ccoyllo, Wilfredo Bulege-Gutierrez, Humberto Guillermo Garayar Tasayco, Victor Fernández-Gusmán
Abstract The present study is intended to get to know the levels of perimeter diurnal environmental noise of four hospitals in the city of Lima. The measurement mode used at each hospital was A-weighting, with an integration time of five minutes per recording. It was measured in the FAST mode with calibrations made at the beginning and end of the measurement day. Statistical analysis consisted of the mean comparison T test which was applied at all the hospitals considered in the study. At the four hospitals, at all the hours of measurement and both on working days and non-working days (Sunday), LAeq mean values are higher than 83 dBA. On working days, two periods of maximum noise from 08:00 to 10:00 in the morning and from 17:00 to 19:00 in the afternoon coincide with the start and end of working hours. The perimeter diurnal environmental noise levels determined at the vicinity of four hospitals show higher values in all cases to those established by the Peruvian National Environmental Standards for Noise for special protection areas both for working days and for non-working days. Noise that comes from the dense and disorganized traffic of Lima plays a fundamental role in this behaviour.
摘要本研究旨在了解利马市四家医院周边昼夜环境噪声水平。每家医院使用的测量模式为A加权,每次记录的积分时间为5分钟。在FAST模式下进行测量,并在测量日开始和结束时进行校准。统计分析包括平均比较T检验,该检验适用于研究中考虑的所有医院。在四家医院,在所有测量时间以及工作日和非工作日(周日),LAeq平均值均高于83 dBA。在工作日,上午08:00至10:00和下午17:00至19:00这两个最大噪音时段与工作时间的开始和结束相吻合。在所有情况下,在四家医院附近确定的周边昼夜环境噪声水平均高于秘鲁国家噪声环境标准为特殊保护区制定的工作日和非工作日环境噪声水平。利马密集而无序的交通产生的噪音在这种行为中起着根本作用。
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引用次数: 2
Integrated road traffic noise mapping in urban Indian context 印度城市背景下的综合道路交通噪声地图
IF 2.8 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/noise-2020-0009
Dipeshkumar R. Sonaviya, B. Tandel
Abstract Road traffic noise has been recognized as a serious issue that affects the urban regions. Due to urbanization and industrialization, transportation in urban areas has increased. Traffic noise characteristics in cities belonging to a developing country like India are highly varied compared to developed nations because of its heterogeneous conditions. The objective of the research study is to assess noise pollution due to heterogeneous traffic conditions and the impact of horn honking due to un-authorized parked vehicles on the main roadside. Noise mapping has been done using the computer simulation model by taking various noise sources and noise propagation to the receiver point. Traffic volume, vehicular speed, noise levels, road geometry, un-authorized parking, and horn honking were measured on tier-II city roads in Surat, India. The study showed not so significant correlation between traffic volume, road geometry, vehicular speed and equivalent noise due to heterogeneous road traffic conditions. Further, analysis of traffic noise showed that horn honking due to un-authorized parked vehicles contributed an additional up to 11 dB (A), which is quite significant. The prediction models such as U.K’s CoRTN, U.S’s TNM, Germany’s RLS-90 and their modified versions have limited applicability for heterogeneity. Hence, the noise prediction models, which can be used for homogeneous road traffic conditions are not successfully applicable in heterogeneous road traffic conditions. In this research, a new horn honking correction factor is introduced with respect to unauthorized parked vehicles. The horn honking correction values can be integrated into noise model RLS-90, while assessing heterogeneous traffic conditions.
摘要道路交通噪声已被公认为影响城市区域的一个严重问题。由于城市化和工业化,城市地区的交通运输有所增加。与发达国家相比,印度等发展中国家城市的交通噪声特征差异很大,因为其条件参差不齐。研究的目的是评估异质交通条件造成的噪音污染,以及未经授权停放在主要路边的车辆鸣喇叭造成的影响。通过采用各种噪声源和噪声传播到接收点,使用计算机模拟模型进行了噪声映射。在印度苏拉特的二级城市道路上测量了交通量、车速、噪音水平、道路几何形状、未经授权的停车和喇叭声。研究表明,由于道路交通条件的异质性,交通量、道路几何形状、车速和等效噪声之间的相关性不那么显著。此外,对交通噪音的分析表明,未经授权停放的车辆按喇叭造成的额外噪音高达11 dB(A),这是非常显著的。英国的CoRTN、美国的TNM、德国的RLS-90及其修改版本等预测模型对异质性的适用性有限。因此,可以用于同质道路交通条件的噪声预测模型不能成功地应用于异质道路交通条件。在本研究中,针对未经授权停放的车辆,引入了一种新的喇叭鸣音校正系数。喇叭鸣音校正值可以集成到噪声模型RLS-90中,同时评估异质交通条件。
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引用次数: 11
Assessing the changing urban sound environment during the COVID-19 lockdown period using short-term acoustic measurements 使用短期声学测量评估新冠肺炎封锁期间不断变化的城市声环境
IF 2.8 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/noise-2020-0011
F. Aletta, T. Oberman, A. Mitchell, Huan Tong, Jian Kang
Abstract The implementation of lockdown measures due to the COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in wide-ranging social and environmental implications. Among the environmental impacts is a decrease in urban noise levels which has so far been observed at the city scale via noise mapping efforts conducted through the framework of the Environmental Noise Directive. This study aims to understand how lockdown measures have manifested at a local level to better determine how the person-level experience of the urban soundscape has been affected and how these affects differ across urban space typologies. Taking London as a case study, a series of 30-second binaural recordings were taken at 11 locations representing a cross-section of urban public spaces with varying compositions of sound sources during Spring 2019 (pre-lockdown, N = 620) and Spring 2020 (during-lockdown, N = 481). Five acoustic and psychoacoustic metrics (LAeq, LA10, LA90, Loudness, Sharpness) were calculated for each recording and their changes from the pre-lockdown scenario to the lockdown scenario are investigated. Clustering analysis was performed which grouped the locations into 3 types of urban settings based on their acoustic characteristics. An average reduction of 5.4 dB (LAeq) was observed, however significant differences in the degree of reduction were found across the locations, ranging from a 10.7 dB to a 1.2 dB reduction. This study confirms the general reduction in noise levels due to the nationally imposed lockdown measures, identifies trends which vary depending on the urban context and discusses the implications for the limits of urban noise reduction.
摘要新冠肺炎疫情导致的封锁措施的实施产生了广泛的社会和环境影响。环境影响包括城市噪音水平的下降,到目前为止,通过环境噪音指令框架下进行的噪音测绘工作,在城市范围内观察到了这一点。这项研究旨在了解封锁措施是如何在地方层面表现出来的,以更好地确定个人层面的城市声景体验是如何受到影响的,以及这些影响在城市空间类型中是如何不同的。以伦敦为例,在2019年春季(封锁前,N=620)和2020年春季(封控期间,N=481),在代表不同声源组成的城市公共空间横截面的11个地点拍摄了一系列30秒的双耳录音。为每次录音计算了五个声学和心理声学指标(LAeq、LA10、LA90、响度、清晰度),并调查了它们从封锁前场景到封锁场景的变化。进行了聚类分析,根据其声学特征将这些地点分为3种类型的城市环境。观察到平均降低5.4 dB(LAeq),但发现不同位置的降低程度存在显著差异,从10.7 dB到1.2 dB不等。这项研究证实了由于国家实施的封锁措施,噪音水平普遍降低,确定了根据城市环境而变化的趋势,并讨论了对城市噪音降低极限的影响。
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引用次数: 102
Influence of meteorological conditions on noise dispersion in the Port of Thessaloniki 气象条件对塞萨洛尼基港口噪声扩散的影响
IF 2.8 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/noise-2020-0012
S. Pilicic, I. Kegalj, Eirini Tserga, T. Milošević, R. Žigulić, Ante Skoblar, L. Traven
Abstract Although noise dispersion models are widely used for the assessment of noise levels across different domains, the influence of meteorological conditions on environmental noise is usually neglected even though modelling requirements often list meteorological data as a key part for conducting successful modelling exercises. In order to evaluate the magnitude of influence of meteorological conditions on noise dispersion, different meteorological scenarios have been tested. The meteorological parameters that have been addressed include wind speed and direction, air temperature and atmospheric pressure. The simulations have been performed using data obtained from the Port of Thessaloniki, which include standard noise data (locations of noise sources and barriers, noise power levels of individual sources), as well as yearly averages and extremes for the meteorological parameters. Wind speed and direction have been shown to have a major influence on environmental noise levels. The modelled difference in levels due to changes in wind speed and direction reached 7 dB in several receivers indicating an effect that should not be neglected. Air temperature and atmospheric pressure had very little influence on noise levels. In conclusion, when addressing and modelling environmental noise levels, wind speed and direction must be properly accounted for and should not be neglected.
摘要尽管噪声分散模型被广泛用于评估不同领域的噪声水平,但气象条件对环境噪声的影响通常被忽视,尽管建模要求通常将气象数据列为成功建模的关键部分。为了评估气象条件对噪声扩散的影响程度,测试了不同的气象情景。已处理的气象参数包括风速和风向、气温和大气压力。模拟是使用从塞萨洛尼基港获得的数据进行的,其中包括标准噪声数据(噪声源和屏障的位置、单个源的噪声功率水平),以及气象参数的年平均值和极值。风速和风向已被证明对环境噪声水平有重大影响。由于风速和风向的变化,在几个接收器中模拟的水平差异达到了7 dB,这表明了不应忽视的影响。空气温度和大气压力对噪音水平的影响很小。总之,在处理和模拟环境噪声水平时,必须正确考虑风速和风向,不应忽视。
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引用次数: 2
Lockdown during COVID-19 pandemic: impact on road traffic noise and on the perception of sound environment in France 新冠肺炎大流行期间的封锁:对法国道路交通噪音和声音环境感知的影响
IF 2.8 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/noise-2020-0024
Patricio Muñoz, Bruno Vincent, C. Domergue, Vincent Gissinger, S. Guillot, Yann Halbwachs, Valérie Janillon
Abstract Acoucité¹, centre of expertise in environmental acoustics and observatory of the sound environment, has investigated the changes in sound environment and its perception during the French lockdown period. The approach adopted is multidimensional, since it combines long-term acoustic measurements, large area noise mapping, as well as the study of sound perception self-reported by population sample through an on-line structured questionnaire. Data from 21 continuous sound monitoring stations² were analysed for the entire lockdown period in five conurbations in the south of France and compared to typical values in the “normal” situation (before lockdown) in order to quantify the reduction in terms of sound levels. Reductions from 4 dB to 6 dB (Lden) were observed for monitoring stations with highly dominant road noise. These results were used to obtain new Strategic Noise Maps for road noise (corresponding to the lockdown situation) for the conurbations of Lyon and Grenoble. The impact of such reductions in terms of noise exposure of their inhabitants was thus assessed. An estimation of the impact on health effects in comparison with the “normal” situation (Strategic Noise Maps “Round 3 CE-DE-2002”) was also carried out. This estimation considers a scenario where the above level reductions (4 to 6 dB) would take place in the long-term. An on-line perception questionnaire was available during the lockdown period with the aim of gathering information on the way that the changes in sound environment were perceived by people all over France and ended up with more than 3000 respondents. This paper reports the main findings of the study in terms of acoustics and sound perception.
摘要Acoucitécco是环境声学和声环境观测专业中心,研究了法国封锁期间声环境及其感知的变化。所采用的方法是多层面的,因为它结合了长期声学测量、大面积噪声映射以及人口样本通过在线结构化问卷自我报告的声音感知研究。在法国南部五个大都市的整个封锁期间,分析了来自21个连续声音监测站²的数据,并将其与“正常”情况下(封锁前)的典型值进行了比较,以量化声音水平的下降。在道路噪声占主导地位的监测站,观测到噪声从4dB降低到6dB(Lden)。这些结果被用于获得里昂和格勒诺布尔大都市道路噪声的新战略噪声图(对应于封锁情况)。因此,评估了这些减少对居民噪声暴露的影响。还对与“正常”情况相比对健康影响的影响进行了估计(战略噪音图“第三轮CE-DE-2002”)。该估计考虑了一种情况,即上述水平的降低(4至6dB)将在长期内发生。在封锁期间,我们提供了一份在线感知问卷,目的是收集法国各地人们对声音环境变化的感知信息,最终有3000多名受访者。本文报告了这项研究在声学和声音感知方面的主要发现。
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引用次数: 15
A note on the acoustic environment in a usually quiet residential area after the ‘state of emergency’ declaration due to COVID-19 pandemic in Japan was lifted: supplementary survey results in post-emergency situations 日本新冠肺炎疫情导致的“紧急状态”宣布解除后,一个通常安静的住宅区的声环境说明:紧急情况后的补充调查结果
IF 2.8 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/noise-2020-0016
K. Sakagami
Abstract In a preceding report (UCL Open: Environment, 2020;1;6), an example of results on changes in the acoustic environment from a local-scale survey in a quiet residential area during and after the ‘state of emergency’ due to COVID-19 pandemic in Japan is presented: the noise level was 1–2 dBA lower during the state of emergency, which is smaller than reported from large cities. This note presents the results of a follow-up survey in the same area to provide some more examples to gain an insight into the acoustic environment in this area. In this note, the measurement results of noise levels in June 2020, a few weeks after the cancellation of the state of emergency, are mainly reported. As the results are almost the same as those from during the state of emergency, we can infer that either the noise level was reduced in June to a level that was almost the same as that during the state of emergency, or the noise level after its cancellation in May was possibly higher than usual. In either case, the change in noise level was small, and it was difficult to conclude which case was true.
摘要在之前的一份报告(伦敦大学学院开放:环境,2020;1;6)中,介绍了在日本新冠肺炎大流行导致的“紧急状态”期间和之后,在一个安静的住宅区进行的当地规模调查的声环境变化结果示例:紧急状态期间,噪音水平低1-2 dBA,比大城市报告的噪音水平低。本说明介绍了同一地区的后续调查结果,以提供更多的例子来深入了解该地区的声学环境。在本说明中,主要报告了2020年6月,即紧急状态取消几周后的噪音水平测量结果。由于结果与紧急状态期间的结果几乎相同,我们可以推断,要么是6月份的噪音水平降低到与紧急状态时几乎相同的水平,要么是5月份取消后的噪音水平可能比平时更高。无论哪种情况,噪声水平的变化都很小,很难断定哪种情况是真的。
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引用次数: 12
Geospatial analysis of environmental noise levels in a residential area in Lagos, Nigeria 尼日利亚拉各斯某居民区环境噪声水平的地理空间分析
IF 2.8 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/noise-2020-0019
R. Alani, Olajomi Mary Ogunmoyela, C. Okolie, O. Daramola
Abstract Noise is an inevitable part of daily life and has been identified as a cause of several health deficiencies across the world. It has increasingly become a significant concern on the health and well-being of people. Studies are required to advance knowledge on the sources and impacts of noise in residential neighbourhoods of Lagos State, Nigeria. Therefore, this study assesses the spatial variation of noise levels within a section of the Festac residential area in Lagos in line with noise limits specified by the World Bank Group International Finance Corporation (IFC) Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines and the Nigerian National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) Noise Standards and Control guidelines for community noise. Data for this research come from a field study comprising measurements of noise levels from 6 observation stations and questionnaire survey with 200 respondents. The criteria for siting the stations was based on factors such as proximity to the roadside, land use and population density, while the questionnaire was administered at random to assess the peoples’ level of awareness on the sources and effects of noise. A digital sound level meter was used to measure noise level variations over a period of 3 weeks for morning, afternoon and evening periods. The measured noise levels were analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistics and the Kriging Geostatistical interpolation technique. Also, logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between the respondents’ perceptions to noise and noise levels. The results indicated that the mean noise levels were within the approximate range of 53.5 – 94.0dBA over the entire period. The highest mean noise levels occurred in the north-western part of the study area where a bus park is present. In general, the noise levels in the area surpass the recommended noise limit of 55dBA, and the logistic regression showed that morning, afternoon and evening mean noise levels were significant predictors of noise variation as perceived by the dwellers. Proper legislation to regulate human activities with respect to noise generation is highly recommended to the local, state and national legislators.
摘要噪音是日常生活中不可避免的一部分,已被确定为世界各地几种健康缺陷的原因。它越来越成为人们健康和福祉的一个重要问题。需要进行研究,以提高对尼日利亚拉各斯州居民区噪音来源和影响的认识。因此,本研究根据世界银行集团国际金融公司(IFC)环境、健康、,和安全(EHS)指南以及尼日利亚国家环境标准和法规执行局(NESREA)社区噪音标准和控制指南。这项研究的数据来自一项实地研究,包括对6个观测站的噪音水平的测量和对200名受访者的问卷调查。车站选址的标准是基于靠近路边、土地使用和人口密度等因素,而问卷是随机进行的,以评估人们对噪音来源和影响的认识水平。数字声级计用于测量上午、下午和晚上3周内的噪音水平变化。使用方差分析(ANOVA)统计和克里格地质统计插值技术对测量的噪声水平进行分析。此外,还使用逻辑回归来确定受访者对噪音的感知和噪音水平之间的关系。结果表明,整个时段的平均噪声水平约在53.5–94.0dBA之间。最高的平均噪音水平出现在研究区域的西北部,那里有一个公共汽车停车场。总体而言,该地区的噪声水平超过了55dBA的建议噪声限值,逻辑回归表明,上午、下午和晚上的平均噪声水平是居民感知到的噪声变化的重要预测因素。强烈建议地方、州和国家立法者制定适当的立法来规范与噪音产生有关的人类活动。
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引用次数: 7
期刊
Noise Mapping
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