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PTMs as molecular encoders: reprogramming chaperones into epichaperomes for network control in disease PTMs作为分子编码器:在疾病网络控制中将伴侣重编程为表表观体。
IF 11 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2025.07.006
Feixia Chu , Sahil Sharma , Stephen D. Ginsberg , Gabriela Chiosis
Recent discoveries reveal that post-translational modifications (PTMs) do more than regulate protein activity – they encode conformational states that transform chaperones into epichaperomes: multimeric scaffolds that rewire protein–protein interaction networks. This emerging paradigm expands the framework of chaperone biology in disease and provides a structural basis for systems-level dysfunction in disorders such as cancer and Alzheimer’s disease. This review explores how PTMs within intrinsically disordered regions drive epichaperome formation, how these scaffolds selectively regulate disease-enabling functions, and why their disruption normalizes pathological networks. By highlighting PTMs as molecular encoders of supramolecular assemblies, we propose a shift from targeting proteins to targeting network architectures that sustain and perpetuate disease – a concept with broad implications for cell biology, disease propagation, and therapeutic design.
最近的研究发现表明,翻译后修饰(ptm)不仅能调节蛋白质活性,还能编码将伴侣蛋白转化为表表观体的构象状态:即重新连接蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络的多聚支架。这种新兴的范式扩展了疾病中伴侣生物学的框架,并为癌症和阿尔茨海默病等疾病的系统水平功能障碍提供了结构基础。这篇综述探讨了内在紊乱区域内的PTMs如何驱动表表观素的形成,这些支架如何选择性地调节使病功能,以及为什么它们的破坏使病理网络正常化。通过强调ptm作为超分子组装的分子编码器,我们提出了一种从靶向蛋白质到靶向维持和延续疾病的网络结构的转变——这一概念对细胞生物学、疾病传播和治疗设计具有广泛的意义。
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引用次数: 0
LRRC8/VRAC chloride and metabolite channels in signaling and volume regulation LRRC8/VRAC氯离子和代谢物通道在信号和体积调节中的作用。
IF 11 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2025.07.001
Fabian M.B. Thöne , Maya M. Polovitskaya , Thomas J. Jentsch
Volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs) are almost ubiquitously expressed plasma membrane (PM) channels of vertebrate cells with roles in cell volume regulation and signaling. Besides conducting anions such as chloride, VRACs transport metabolites, neurotransmitters, immunomodulators, and drugs irrespective of their electrical charge. VRAC-mediated transport of these molecules has profound (patho)physiological significance. The recent identification of VRACs as heteromers of up to five different LRRC8 proteins allowed the roles of VRACs to be addressed with genetic and molecular tools. Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and mutagenesis yielded insights into the structure and function of VRACs, yet their activation mechanisms remain enigmatic. Here we focus on new developments and suggest that the ability of VRAC to transport metabolites and signaling molecules may be physiologically more important than its role in cell volume regulation.
体积调节阴离子通道(VRACs)是脊椎动物细胞中几乎普遍表达的质膜通道,在细胞体积调节和信号传导中发挥重要作用。除了传导阴离子,如氯化物,vrac运输代谢物,神经递质,免疫调节剂和药物,而不考虑其电荷。vrac介导的这些分子的转运具有深远的(病理)生理意义。最近发现的vrac是多达五种不同LRRC8蛋白的异构体,这使得vrac的作用可以用遗传和分子工具来解决。低温电子显微镜(cryo-EM)和诱变技术对vrac的结构和功能有了深入的了解,但它们的激活机制仍然是一个谜。在这里,我们关注新的发展,并提出VRAC运输代谢物和信号分子的能力可能在生理上比其在细胞体积调节中的作用更重要。
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引用次数: 0
Programmable protein editing 可编程的蛋白质编辑。
IF 11 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2025.06.008
Carly K. Schissel
Installation of unnatural chemical motifs and structures into proteins in living cells is challenging. Recent work by Beyer et al. demonstrated programmable protein editing by installing two split intein pairs into a protein of interest, which splice in a fully synthetic peptide sequence inside mammalian cells.
将非自然的化学基序和结构安装到活细胞的蛋白质中是具有挑战性的。Beyer等人最近的工作展示了可编程的蛋白质编辑,他们将两个分裂的内部蛋白对安装到感兴趣的蛋白质中,在哺乳动物细胞内以完全合成的肽序列拼接。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring nondegrading molecular glues for protein–protein interactions 探索蛋白质相互作用的非降解分子胶。
IF 11 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2025.07.005
Sitong Yu , Lixin Zhou , Jing Yang , Jian Zhang , Wenchao Lu
Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are central to cellular signaling and represent attractive, yet challenging drug targets. While molecular glue degraders (MGDs) promote target degradation via E3 ligase recruitment, nondegrading molecular glues (MGs) act independently of ubiquitination to stabilize PPIs, enabling modulation of complex assembly, localization, and signaling. In this review, we outline recent progress in nondegrading MGs, highlighting key presenter proteins, such as FKBP12, Cyclophilin A, and 14-3-3, along with emerging case studies beyond these canonical systems. Advances in chemical biology, structural analysis, and computational design are accelerating discovery in this emerging field. Collectively, these insights position nondegrading MGs as a promising therapeutic modality with distinct mechanisms and broad translational potential.
蛋白-蛋白相互作用(PPIs)是细胞信号传导的核心,是具有吸引力但具有挑战性的药物靶点。虽然分子胶降解剂(MGDs)通过E3连接酶募集促进靶标降解,但非降解分子胶(mggs)独立于泛素化作用来稳定PPIs,从而调节复合物的组装、定位和信号传导。在这篇综述中,我们概述了非降解mg的最新进展,重点介绍了关键的呈现蛋白,如FKBP12、亲环蛋白A和14-3-3,以及这些典型系统之外的新兴案例研究。化学生物学、结构分析和计算设计的进步正在加速这一新兴领域的发现。总的来说,这些见解将非降解mg定位为具有独特机制和广泛转化潜力的有前途的治疗方式。
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引用次数: 0
Conserved signaling gears that sustain circadian clock robustness 维持生物钟稳健性的保守信号装置。
IF 11 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2025.06.013
Felipe Muñoz-Guzmán , Luis F. Larrondo
Circadian clocks maintain the correct period despite nutritional fluctuations, a property known as metabolic compensation (MC). In a recent report, Sárkány et al. reveal a conserved role for Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor (RasGEF) signaling in MC from fungi to human cells. Their findings highlight how this pathway buffers circadian function under glucose deprivation, integrating metabolic cues into clock dynamic robustness.
尽管营养波动,生物钟仍保持正确的周期,这一特性被称为代谢补偿(MC)。在最近的一份报告中,Sárkány等人揭示了Ras鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子(Ras guine nucleotide exchange factor, RasGEF)信号在从真菌到人类细胞的MC中的保守作用。他们的发现强调了这一途径如何在葡萄糖剥夺下缓冲昼夜节律功能,将代谢线索整合到时钟动态稳健性中。
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引用次数: 0
How interactions between oxidized DNA and the NLRP3 inflammasome fuel inflammatory disease 氧化DNA和NLRP3炎性体之间的相互作用如何促进炎症性疾病。
IF 11 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2025.07.007
Angela Lackner , Lemuel Leonidas , Alijah Macapagal , Hannah Lee , Reginald McNulty
Recent discoveries have emphasized the critical role of oxidized DNA (ox-DNA) in inflammation and immune regulation. Produced during oxidative stress from infection or tissue damage, ox-DNA activates signaling pathways that drive the release of proinflammatory cytokines, specifically engaging the NLRP3 inflammasome, a key player in cytokine maturation and host defense. NLRP3 is increasingly implicated in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, with ox-DNA recognized as a central activator of this inflammasome. This review examines the role of ox-DNA in inflammasome activation, its broader impact on inflammatory processes, and promising therapeutic approaches targeting ox-DNA through both immunological and structural lenses. These insights highlight ox-DNA’s relevance in inflammation and offer potential avenues for the treatment of a range of immune-related disorders.
最近的发现强调了氧化DNA (ox-DNA)在炎症和免疫调节中的关键作用。在感染或组织损伤引起的氧化应激过程中产生的ox-DNA激活了驱动促炎细胞因子释放的信号通路,特别是参与细胞因子成熟和宿主防御的关键角色NLRP3炎症小体。NLRP3越来越多地与炎症和自身免疫性疾病有关,ox-DNA被认为是这种炎症小体的中心激活剂。本文综述了ox-DNA在炎性小体激活中的作用,其对炎症过程的广泛影响,以及通过免疫和结构透镜靶向ox-DNA的有前途的治疗方法。这些见解突出了ox-DNA在炎症中的相关性,并为治疗一系列免疫相关疾病提供了潜在的途径。
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引用次数: 0
SAM cycle and adenosine at the heart of immune conversations SAM周期和腺苷是免疫对话的核心。
IF 11 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2025.06.001
Sajad Ahmad Najar , Rahul Bohra , Tina Mukherjee
Recent work by Nedbalova et al. reframes the SAM transmethylation pathway as a biosensor and signaling hub, linking immune activation to systemic metabolic changes via adenosine export. Their compelling findings reveal a key mechanism by which immune cells influence organism-wide physiology beyond traditional methylation roles.
Nedbalova等人最近的工作将SAM转甲基化途径重新定义为生物传感器和信号中枢,通过腺苷输出将免疫激活与全身代谢变化联系起来。他们令人信服的发现揭示了免疫细胞在传统甲基化作用之外影响整个生物体生理的关键机制。
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引用次数: 0
From transcription to export: mRNA’s winding path to the cytoplasm 从转录到输出:mRNA到细胞质的缠绕路径。
IF 11 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2025.06.004
Murray Stewart
In eukaryotes, the separation of transcription from translation enables extensive mRNA processing (capping, splicing, and polyadenylation) before translation. This review focuses on recent work that provides considerable insight into how mRNAs navigate these processes in which a spectrum of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) coordinate different processing steps and couple them to nuclear export. Although the principal components in these pathways have been identified, the precise way in which RBPs bind to mRNAs, some aspects of how their binding and release are mediated by DEAD-box ATPases, and the complete structures of some messenger ribonucleoprotein complexes (mRNPs) remain unclear. Moreover, the checkpoints that recognize both completion of mRNA processing and the generation of mature mRNPs, as well as how they are coordinated, are only partially characterized.
在真核生物中,转录与翻译的分离使mRNA在翻译前进行广泛的加工(盖帽、剪接和聚腺苷酸化)。这篇综述的重点是最近的工作,这些工作提供了相当大的见解,mrna如何导航这些过程,在这些过程中,rna结合蛋白(rbp)的光谱协调不同的加工步骤,并将它们耦合到核输出。虽然这些途径的主要成分已经被确定,但rbp与mrna结合的确切方式,它们的结合和释放是如何由DEAD-box atp酶介导的,以及一些信使核糖核蛋白复合物(mRNPs)的完整结构仍不清楚。此外,识别mRNA加工完成和成熟mRNA生成以及它们如何协调的检查点仅被部分表征。
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引用次数: 0
The intersection of viral mimicry and nuclear entry 病毒模仿和核进入的交叉。
IF 11 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2025.07.002
Claire F. Dickson , Prabhjeet Phalora , David A. Jacques
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) facilitates macromolecular exchange between the cytoplasm and nucleus; the selective nature of which is vital to proper cell functioning. Many DNA and some RNA viruses must also access the host nucleus for successful replication and have evolved numerous strategies for this purpose, the most common of which is mimicry of cellular cargoes. Recent biochemical studies have also identified an alternative strategy, mimicry of nuclear transport receptors (NTRs). In this Review, we summarize the multiple ways in which viral protein complexes and capsids access the nucleus and discuss how studying these interactions has reshaped our understanding of the NPC and the nature of nuclear cytoplasmic transport.
核孔复合物(NPC)促进细胞质和细胞核之间的大分子交换;它的选择性对正常的细胞功能至关重要。许多DNA和一些RNA病毒也必须进入宿主细胞核才能成功复制,并为此进化出许多策略,其中最常见的是模仿细胞货物。最近的生化研究也确定了另一种策略,核转运受体(NTRs)的模仿。在这篇综述中,我们总结了病毒蛋白复合物和衣壳进入细胞核的多种方式,并讨论了研究这些相互作用如何重塑我们对NPC和核细胞质运输性质的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular mimicry: ecology, evolution, and applications of doppelgänger peptides 分子拟态:生态学、进化和doppelgänger肽的应用。
IF 11 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2025.06.011
Thomas L. Koch , Samuel D. Robinson , Helena Safavi-Hemami
Organisms engage in chemical interactions that drive cooperation, conflict, natural selection, and adaptation. Among these, doppelgänger peptides (molecular mimics of the endogenous hormones or neuropeptides of another organism) have evolved in many venomous and poisonous organisms, and some parasites and pathogens. While the discovery of these peptides has been largely anecdotal, a surge in sequence data combined with computational tools suggests they are more prevalent than previously recognized. Beyond their significance in biology, emerging techniques for studying cellular signaling and a renewed interest in peptide-based therapeutics position these molecules as candidates for translational applications. In this review, we explore the role of doppelgänger peptides in chemical ecology, molecular evolution, and medicine, and provide new perspectives to guide future research.
生物体参与化学相互作用,推动合作、冲突、自然选择和适应。其中,doppelgänger多肽(内源性激素或其他生物神经肽的分子模拟物)在许多有毒生物和一些寄生虫和病原体中进化。虽然这些肽的发现在很大程度上是轶事,但序列数据的激增与计算工具的结合表明,它们比以前认识到的更为普遍。除了它们在生物学上的重要意义之外,研究细胞信号传导的新兴技术和对基于肽的治疗方法的新兴趣使这些分子成为翻译应用的候选分子。本文综述了doppelgänger多肽在化学生态学、分子进化和医学等方面的作用,并为今后的研究提供了新的视角。
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引用次数: 0
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Trends in Biochemical Sciences
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