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Dilation of ion selectivity filters in cation channels 阳离子通道中离子选择性过滤器的扩张。
IF 13.8 1区 生物学 Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.02.004
Kate Huffer , Xiao-Feng Tan , Ana I. Fernández-Mariño , Surbhi Dhingra , Kenton J. Swartz

Ion channels establish the voltage gradient across cellular membranes by providing aqueous pathways for ions to selectively diffuse down their concentration gradients. The selectivity of any given channel for its favored ions has conventionally been viewed as a stable property, and in many cation channels, it is determined by an ion-selectivity filter within the external end of the ion-permeation pathway. In several instances, including voltage-activated K+ (Kv) channels, ATP-activated P2X receptor channels, and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, the ion-permeation pathways have been proposed to dilate in response to persistent activation, dynamically altering ion permeation. Here, we discuss evidence for dynamic ion selectivity, examples where ion selectivity filters exhibit structural plasticity, and opportunities to fill gaps in our current understanding.

离子通道通过为离子提供沿着浓度梯度选择性扩散的水通道,在细胞膜上形成电压梯度。任何特定通道对其偏爱离子的选择性通常被视为一种稳定的特性,在许多阳离子通道中,它是由离子渗透途径外部端的离子选择性过滤器决定的。在一些情况下,包括电压激活的 K+ (Kv) 通道、ATP 激活的 P2X 受体通道和瞬时受体电位(TRP)通道,离子渗透途径被认为会随着持续激活而扩张,从而动态地改变离子渗透。在此,我们将讨论动态离子选择性的证据、离子选择性过滤器表现出结构可塑性的例子,以及填补我们目前认识空白的机会。
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引用次数: 0
Mitochondria in disease: changes in shapes and dynamics 疾病中的线粒体:形状和动态变化。
IF 13.8 1区 生物学 Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.01.011
Brenita C. Jenkins , Kit Neikirk , Prasanna Katti , Steven M. Claypool , Annet Kirabo , Melanie R. McReynolds , Antentor Hinton Jr.

Mitochondrial structure often determines the function of these highly dynamic, multifunctional, eukaryotic organelles, which are essential for maintaining cellular health. The dynamic nature of mitochondria is apparent in descriptions of different mitochondrial shapes [e.g., donuts, megamitochondria (MGs), and nanotunnels] and crista dynamics. This review explores the significance of dynamic alterations in mitochondrial morphology and regulators of mitochondrial and cristae shape. We focus on studies across tissue types and also describe new microscopy techniques for detecting mitochondrial morphologies both in vivo and in vitro that can improve understanding of mitochondrial structure. We highlight the potential therapeutic benefits of regulating mitochondrial morphology and discuss prospective avenues to restore mitochondrial bioenergetics to manage diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction.

线粒体的结构往往决定了这些高度动态、多功能真核细胞器的功能,而线粒体对维持细胞健康至关重要。线粒体的动态特性在不同线粒体形状(如甜甜圈、巨线粒体(MG)和纳米隧道)和嵴动态的描述中显而易见。本综述探讨了线粒体形态动态变化的意义以及线粒体和嵴形态的调节因素。我们将重点放在跨组织类型的研究上,并介绍了用于检测体内和体外线粒体形态的新显微镜技术,这些技术可提高对线粒体结构的认识。我们强调了调节线粒体形态的潜在治疗效果,并讨论了恢复线粒体生物能以控制线粒体功能障碍相关疾病的前景。
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引用次数: 0
Decoding anaphylatoxins: unveiling the molecular mechanisms of complement receptor activation and signaling 解码苊毒素:揭示补体受体激活和信号传导的分子机制
IF 13.8 1区 生物学 Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.01.001
Francisco J. Fernández , M. Cristina Vega

Recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) have revolutionized our understanding of the complement C5a/C3a receptors that are crucial in inflammation. A recent report by Yadav et al. has elucidated the activation, ligand binding, selectivity, and signaling bias of these receptors, thereby enhancing structure-guided drug discovery. This paves the way for more effective anti-inflammatory therapies that target these receptors with unprecedented precision.

低温电子显微镜(Cryo-EM)的最新进展彻底改变了我们对炎症中至关重要的补体 C5a/C3a 受体的认识。Yadav 等人最近的一份报告阐明了这些受体的激活、配体结合、选择性和信号传导偏差,从而提高了以结构为导向的药物发现能力。这为以这些受体为靶点的更有效、更精准的抗炎疗法铺平了道路。
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引用次数: 0
Advisory Board and Contents 咨询委员会和内容
IF 13.8 1区 生物学 Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0968-0004(24)00057-4
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引用次数: 0
Exploring membrane asymmetry and its effects on membrane proteins 探索膜的不对称性及其对膜蛋白的影响。
IF 13.8 1区 生物学 Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.01.007
Georg Pabst , Sandro Keller

Plasma membranes utilize free energy to maintain highly asymmetric, non-equilibrium distributions of lipids and proteins between their two leaflets. In this review we discuss recent progress in quantitative research enabled by using compositionally controlled asymmetric model membranes. Both experimental and computational studies have shed light on the nuanced mechanisms that govern the structural and dynamic coupling between compositionally distinct bilayer leaflets. This coupling can increase the membrane bending rigidity and induce order – or lipid domains – across the membrane. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that integral membrane proteins not only respond to asymmetric lipid distributions but also exhibit intriguing asymmetric properties themselves. We propose strategies to advance experimental research, aiming for a deeper, quantitative understanding of membrane asymmetry, which carries profound implications for cellular physiology.

等离子体膜利用自由能维持其两片小叶之间脂质和蛋白质的高度不对称、非平衡分布。在这篇综述中,我们将讨论利用成分控制的不对称模型膜进行定量研究的最新进展。实验和计算研究都揭示了支配成分不同的双分子层小叶之间结构和动态耦合的微妙机制。这种耦合可以增加膜的弯曲刚度,并在膜上形成秩序或脂质域。此外,新出现的证据表明,整体膜蛋白不仅会对不对称的脂质分布做出反应,其自身也会表现出有趣的不对称特性。我们提出了推进实验研究的策略,旨在更深入、定量地了解对细胞生理学具有深远影响的膜不对称性。
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引用次数: 0
Subscription and Copyright Information 订阅和版权信息
IF 13.8 1区 生物学 Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0968-0004(24)00060-4
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引用次数: 0
Pre-twisting for improved genome modification and miRNA targeting 预扭转以改进基因组修饰和 miRNA 靶向。
IF 13.8 1区 生物学 Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.01.002
Rongguang Lu , Gang Chen

Two reports by Dhuri et al. and Oyaghire et al., respectively, show that, through installing chiral centers at the backbone of the artificial nucleic acid, peptide nucleic acid (PNA), enhanced miRNA targeting and genome modification can be achieved, with important implications in fighting cancers and β-thalassemia.

Dhuri 等人和 Oyaghire 等人的两篇报告分别表明,通过在人工核酸--肽核酸 (PNA) 的骨架上安装手性中心,可以实现增强的 miRNA 靶向和基因组修饰,对抗击癌症和β地中海贫血症具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Oxytocin and vasopressin signaling in health and disease 健康和疾病中的催产素和血管加压素信号传导。
IF 13.8 1区 生物学 Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.01.010
Monika Perisic , Katrina Woolcock , Anke Hering , Helen Mendel , Markus Muttenthaler

Neurohypophysial peptides are ancient and evolutionarily highly conserved neuropeptides that regulate many crucial physiological functions in vertebrates and invertebrates. The human neurohypophysial oxytocin/vasopressin (OT/VP) signaling system with its four receptors has become an attractive drug target for a variety of diseases, including cancer, pain, cardiovascular indications, and neurological disorders. Despite its promise, drug development faces hurdles, including signaling complexity, selectivity and off-target concerns, translational interspecies differences, and inefficient drug delivery. In this review we dive into the complexity of the OT/VP signaling system in health and disease, provide an overview of relevant pharmacological probes, and discuss the latest trends in therapeutic lead discovery and drug development.

神经生理性肽是一种古老且在进化过程中高度保守的神经肽,可调节脊椎动物和无脊椎动物的许多关键生理功能。人类神经生理催产素/血管加压素(OT/VP)信号系统及其四个受体已成为治疗癌症、疼痛、心血管疾病和神经系统疾病等多种疾病的诱人药物靶点。尽管前景广阔,但药物开发仍面临重重障碍,包括信号传导的复杂性、选择性和脱靶问题、种间转化差异以及药物输送效率低下。在这篇综述中,我们将深入探讨健康和疾病中 OT/VP 信号系统的复杂性,概述相关的药理学探针,并讨论治疗先导物发现和药物开发的最新趋势。
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引用次数: 0
cAMP signaling: a remarkably regional affair cAMP 信号转导:一个明显的区域性问题
IF 13.8 1区 生物学 Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.01.004
Andreas Bock , Roshanak Irannejad , John D. Scott

Louis Pasteur once famously said ‘in the fields of observation chance favors only the prepared mind’. Much of chance is being in the right place at the right time. This is particularly true in the crowded molecular environment of the cell where being in the right place is often more important than timing. Although Brownian motion argues that enzymes will eventually bump into substrates, this probability is greatly enhanced if both molecules reside in the same subcellular compartment. However, activation of cell signaling enzymes often requires the transmission of chemical signals from extracellular stimuli to intracellular sites of action. This review highlights new developments in our understanding of cAMP generation and the 3D utilization of this second messenger inside cells.

路易-巴斯德曾有一句名言:"在观察领域,机会只青睐有准备的头脑"。机遇在很大程度上就是在正确的时间出现在正确的地点。在细胞这个拥挤的分子环境中尤其如此,在正确的地点往往比时机更重要。虽然布朗运动认为酶最终会撞上底物,但如果两种分子都在同一个亚细胞区,这种概率就会大大提高。然而,细胞信号酶的激活往往需要将化学信号从细胞外刺激传递到细胞内的作用点。这篇综述重点介绍了我们对 cAMP 的产生和细胞内这种第二信使的三维利用的认识的新进展。
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引用次数: 0
Enlightening epigenetics: optochemical tools illuminate the path 启迪表观遗传学:光化学工具照亮道路。
IF 13.8 1区 生物学 Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.01.003
Kaijun Su , Olalla Vázquez

Optochemical tools have become potent instruments for understanding biological processes at the molecular level, and the past decade has witnessed their use in epigenetics and epitranscriptomics (also known as RNA epigenetics) for deciphering gene expression regulation. By using photoresponsive molecules such as photoswitches and photocages, researchers can achieve precise control over when and where specific events occur. Therefore, these are invaluable for studying both histone and nucleotide modifications and exploring disease-related mechanisms. We systematically report and assess current examples in the field, and identify open challenges and future directions. These outstanding proof-of-concept investigations will inspire other chemical biologists to participate in these emerging fields given the potential of photochromic molecules in research and biomedicine.

光化学工具已成为在分子水平上了解生物过程的有力工具,在过去十年中,它们被用于表观遗传学和表观转录组学(也称为 RNA 表观遗传学),以破译基因表达调控。通过使用光开关和光电笼等光致分子,研究人员可以精确控制特定事件发生的时间和地点。因此,这些技术对于研究组蛋白和核苷酸修饰以及探索疾病相关机制都非常有价值。我们系统地报告和评估了该领域的现有实例,并确定了公开挑战和未来方向。鉴于光致变色分子在研究和生物医学方面的潜力,这些杰出的概念验证研究将激励其他化学生物学家参与到这些新兴领域中来。
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Trends in Biochemical Sciences
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