Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.03.002
Jingxuan Guo , Li F. Lin , Sydney V. Oraskovich , Julio A. Rivera de Jesús , Jennifer Listgarten , David V. Schaffer
Gene delivery vehicles based on adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are enabling increasing success in human clinical trials, and they offer the promise of treating a broad spectrum of both genetic and non-genetic disorders. However, delivery efficiency and targeting must be improved to enable safe and effective therapies. In recent years, considerable effort has been invested in creating AAV variants with improved delivery, and computational approaches have been increasingly harnessed for AAV engineering. In this review, we discuss how computationally designed AAV libraries are enabling directed evolution. Specifically, we highlight approaches that harness sequences outputted by next-generation sequencing (NGS) coupled with machine learning (ML) to generate new functional AAV capsids and related regulatory elements, pushing the frontier of what vector engineering and gene therapy may achieve.
{"title":"Computationally guided AAV engineering for enhanced gene delivery","authors":"Jingxuan Guo , Li F. Lin , Sydney V. Oraskovich , Julio A. Rivera de Jesús , Jennifer Listgarten , David V. Schaffer","doi":"10.1016/j.tibs.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tibs.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gene delivery vehicles based on adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are enabling increasing success in human clinical trials, and they offer the promise of treating a broad spectrum of both genetic and non-genetic disorders. However, delivery efficiency and targeting must be improved to enable safe and effective therapies. In recent years, considerable effort has been invested in creating AAV variants with improved delivery, and computational approaches have been increasingly harnessed for AAV engineering. In this review, we discuss how computationally designed AAV libraries are enabling directed evolution. Specifically, we highlight approaches that harness sequences outputted by next-generation sequencing (NGS) coupled with machine learning (ML) to generate new functional AAV capsids and related regulatory elements, pushing the frontier of what vector engineering and gene therapy may achieve.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":440,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Biochemical Sciences","volume":"49 5","pages":"Pages 457-469"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140292331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.10.010
Arun K. Shukla
Science is a collaborative endeavor, and the importance of collaborations across disciplines and boundaries is becoming clearer with the advent of new technologies. This article focuses on key aspects of initiating and sustaining new collaborations, and expanding from bilateral to multilateral efforts to create major impact through team science.
{"title":"Team science: building, nurturing, and expanding research collaborations","authors":"Arun K. Shukla","doi":"10.1016/j.tibs.2023.10.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tibs.2023.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Science is a collaborative endeavor, and the importance of collaborations across disciplines and boundaries is becoming clearer with the advent of new technologies. This article focuses on key aspects of initiating and sustaining new collaborations, and expanding from bilateral to multilateral efforts to create major impact through team science.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":440,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Biochemical Sciences","volume":"49 5","pages":"Pages 379-381"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89716446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.01.009
Samuel E. Butcher
Poly(UG) or ‘pUG’ dinucleotide repeats direct gene silencing in Caenorhabditis elegans by adopting an unusual quadruplex structure. Humans have thousands of pUG sequences and proteins that interact with them. The pUG fold reveals new aspects of gene regulation and RNA folding, highlighting how a simple sequence can encode a complex structure.
{"title":"A left-handed RNA quadruplex directs gene silencing","authors":"Samuel E. Butcher","doi":"10.1016/j.tibs.2024.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tibs.2024.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Poly(UG) or ‘pUG’ dinucleotide repeats direct gene silencing in <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em> by adopting an unusual quadruplex structure. Humans have thousands of pUG sequences and proteins that interact with them. The pUG fold reveals new aspects of gene regulation and RNA folding, highlighting how a simple sequence can encode a complex structure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":440,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Biochemical Sciences","volume":"49 5","pages":"Pages 387-390"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139897830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.02.005
David H. Johnson , Orianna H. Kou , Nicoletta Bouzos , Wade F. Zeno
Biological membranes are integral cellular structures that can be curved into various geometries. These curved structures are abundant in cells as they are essential for various physiological processes. However, curved membranes are inherently unstable, especially on nanometer length scales. To stabilize curved membranes, cells can utilize proteins that sense and generate membrane curvature. In this review, we summarize recent research that has advanced our understanding of interactions between proteins and curved membrane surfaces, as well as work that has expanded our ability to study curvature sensing and generation. Additionally, we look at specific examples of cellular processes that require membrane curvature, such as neurotransmission, clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), and organelle biogenesis.
{"title":"Protein–membrane interactions: sensing and generating curvature","authors":"David H. Johnson , Orianna H. Kou , Nicoletta Bouzos , Wade F. Zeno","doi":"10.1016/j.tibs.2024.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tibs.2024.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biological membranes are integral cellular structures that can be curved into various geometries. These curved structures are abundant in cells as they are essential for various physiological processes. However, curved membranes are inherently unstable, especially on nanometer length scales. To stabilize curved membranes, cells can utilize proteins that sense and generate membrane curvature. In this review, we summarize recent research that has advanced our understanding of interactions between proteins and curved membrane surfaces, as well as work that has expanded our ability to study curvature sensing and generation. Additionally, we look at specific examples of cellular processes that require membrane curvature, such as neurotransmission, clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), and organelle biogenesis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":440,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Biochemical Sciences","volume":"49 5","pages":"Pages 401-416"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968000424000501/pdfft?md5=ce1db5669126607c8ad4da867bde45bb&pid=1-s2.0-S0968000424000501-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140178886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/S0968-0004(24)00089-6
{"title":"Advisory Board and Contents","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0968-0004(24)00089-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0004(24)00089-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":440,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Biochemical Sciences","volume":"49 5","pages":"Pages i-ii"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968000424000896/pdfft?md5=8136ddb2b61ecb2c8ef568018ad69ba2&pid=1-s2.0-S0968000424000896-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140822633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.02.001
Giray Enkavi , Mykhailo Girych , Rafael Moliner , Ilpo Vattulainen , Eero Castrén
TrkB (neuronal receptor tyrosine kinase-2, NTRK2) is the receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and is a critical regulator of activity-dependent neuronal plasticity. The past few years have witnessed an increasing understanding of the structure and function of TrkB, including its transmembrane domain (TMD). TrkB interacts with membrane cholesterol, which bidirectionally regulates TrkB signaling. Additionally, TrkB has recently been recognized as a binding target of antidepressant drugs. A variety of different antidepressants, including typical and rapid-acting antidepressants, as well as psychedelic compounds, act as allosteric potentiators of BDNF signaling through TrkB. This suggests that TrkB is the common target of different antidepressant compounds. Although more research is needed, current knowledge suggests that TrkB is a promising target for further drug development.
{"title":"TrkB transmembrane domain: bridging structural understanding with therapeutic strategy","authors":"Giray Enkavi , Mykhailo Girych , Rafael Moliner , Ilpo Vattulainen , Eero Castrén","doi":"10.1016/j.tibs.2024.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tibs.2024.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>TrkB (neuronal receptor tyrosine kinase-2, NTRK2) is the receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and is a critical regulator of activity-dependent neuronal plasticity. The past few years have witnessed an increasing understanding of the structure and function of TrkB, including its transmembrane domain (TMD). TrkB interacts with membrane cholesterol, which bidirectionally regulates TrkB signaling. Additionally, TrkB has recently been recognized as a binding target of antidepressant drugs. A variety of different antidepressants, including typical and rapid-acting antidepressants, as well as psychedelic compounds, act as allosteric potentiators of BDNF signaling through TrkB. This suggests that TrkB is the common target of different antidepressant compounds. Although more research is needed, current knowledge suggests that TrkB is a promising target for further drug development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":440,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Biochemical Sciences","volume":"49 5","pages":"Pages 445-456"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968000424000379/pdfft?md5=751f084fe1e2c064d38991f317775db3&pid=1-s2.0-S0968000424000379-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140020669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.01.012
Dorien Clarisse , Laura Van Moortel , Chloé Van Leene , Kris Gevaert , Karolien De Bosscher
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a major nuclear receptor (NR) drug target for the treatment of inflammatory disorders and several cancers. Despite the effectiveness of GR ligands, their systemic action triggers a plethora of side effects, limiting long-term use. Here, we discuss new concepts of and insights into GR mechanisms of action to assist in the identification of routes toward enhanced therapeutic benefits. We zoom in on the communication between different GR domains and how this is influenced by different ligands. We detail findings on the interaction between GR and chromatin, and highlight how condensate formation and coregulator confinement can perturb GR transcriptional responses. Last, we discuss the potential of novel ligands and the therapeutic exploitation of crosstalk with other NRs.
糖皮质激素受体(GR)是治疗炎症性疾病和多种癌症的主要核受体(NR)药物靶点。尽管 GR 配体很有效,但其全身作用会引发大量副作用,限制了长期使用。在此,我们将讨论有关 GR 作用机制的新概念和新见解,以帮助确定提高治疗效果的途径。我们将深入探讨不同 GR 结构域之间的交流,以及不同配体如何影响这种交流。我们详细介绍了 GR 与染色质之间相互作用的发现,并强调了凝集物的形成和核心调节剂的限制如何扰乱 GR 的转录反应。最后,我们讨论了新型配体的潜力以及利用与其他 NRs 的串扰进行治疗的可能性。
{"title":"Glucocorticoid receptor signaling: intricacies and therapeutic opportunities","authors":"Dorien Clarisse , Laura Van Moortel , Chloé Van Leene , Kris Gevaert , Karolien De Bosscher","doi":"10.1016/j.tibs.2024.01.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tibs.2024.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a major nuclear receptor (NR) drug target for the treatment of inflammatory disorders and several cancers. Despite the effectiveness of GR ligands, their systemic action triggers a plethora of side effects, limiting long-term use. Here, we discuss new concepts of and insights into GR mechanisms of action to assist in the identification of routes toward enhanced therapeutic benefits. We zoom in on the communication between different GR domains and how this is influenced by different ligands. We detail findings on the interaction between GR and chromatin, and highlight how condensate formation and coregulator confinement can perturb GR transcriptional responses. Last, we discuss the potential of novel ligands and the therapeutic exploitation of crosstalk with other NRs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":440,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Biochemical Sciences","volume":"49 5","pages":"Pages 431-444"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096800042400032X/pdfft?md5=ac11a7c1cd61f0dfbe53a97009357ed9&pid=1-s2.0-S096800042400032X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140011877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.02.003
Di Liu , Chih-Lin Hsieh , Michael R. Lieber
One of the two chromosomal breakage events in recurring translocations in B cell neoplasms is often due to the recombination-activating gene complex (RAG complex) releasing DNA ends before end joining. The other break occurs in a fragile zone of 20–600 bp in a non-antigen receptor gene locus, with a more complex and intriguing set of mechanistic factors underlying such narrow fragile zones. These factors include activation-induced deaminase (AID), which acts only at regions of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Recent work leads to a model involving the tethering of AID to the nascent RNA as it emerges from the RNA polymerase. This mechanism may have relevance in class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM), as well as broader relevance for other DNA enzymes.
在 B 细胞瘤反复发生的易位中,有两种染色体断裂现象,其中一种往往是由于重组激活基因复合物(RAG 复合物)在末端连接之前释放了 DNA 末端。另一种断裂发生在非抗原受体基因位点上 20-600 bp 的脆弱区内,这种狭窄的脆弱区有一系列更复杂、更耐人寻味的机理因素。这些因素包括活化诱导脱氨酶(AID),它只作用于单链 DNA(ssDNA)区域。最近的研究提出了一个模型,涉及 AID 在新生 RNA 从 RNA 聚合酶中产生时与新生 RNA 的系链。这种机制可能与类开关重组(CSR)和体细胞超突变(SHM)有关,也与其他 DNA 酶有关。
{"title":"The RNA tether model for human chromosomal translocation fragile zones","authors":"Di Liu , Chih-Lin Hsieh , Michael R. Lieber","doi":"10.1016/j.tibs.2024.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tibs.2024.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One of the two chromosomal breakage events in recurring translocations in B cell neoplasms is often due to the recombination-activating gene complex (RAG complex) releasing DNA ends before end joining. The other break occurs in a fragile zone of 20–600 bp in a non-antigen receptor gene locus, with a more complex and intriguing set of mechanistic factors underlying such narrow fragile zones. These factors include activation-induced deaminase (AID), which acts only at regions of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Recent work leads to a model involving the tethering of AID to the nascent RNA as it emerges from the RNA polymerase. This mechanism may have relevance in class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM), as well as broader relevance for other DNA enzymes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":440,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Biochemical Sciences","volume":"49 5","pages":"Pages 391-400"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140136213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.02.004
Kate Huffer , Xiao-Feng Tan , Ana I. Fernández-Mariño , Surbhi Dhingra , Kenton J. Swartz
Ion channels establish the voltage gradient across cellular membranes by providing aqueous pathways for ions to selectively diffuse down their concentration gradients. The selectivity of any given channel for its favored ions has conventionally been viewed as a stable property, and in many cation channels, it is determined by an ion-selectivity filter within the external end of the ion-permeation pathway. In several instances, including voltage-activated K+ (Kv) channels, ATP-activated P2X receptor channels, and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, the ion-permeation pathways have been proposed to dilate in response to persistent activation, dynamically altering ion permeation. Here, we discuss evidence for dynamic ion selectivity, examples where ion selectivity filters exhibit structural plasticity, and opportunities to fill gaps in our current understanding.
{"title":"Dilation of ion selectivity filters in cation channels","authors":"Kate Huffer , Xiao-Feng Tan , Ana I. Fernández-Mariño , Surbhi Dhingra , Kenton J. Swartz","doi":"10.1016/j.tibs.2024.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tibs.2024.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ion channels establish the voltage gradient across cellular membranes by providing aqueous pathways for ions to selectively diffuse down their concentration gradients. The selectivity of any given channel for its favored ions has conventionally been viewed as a stable property, and in many cation channels, it is determined by an ion-selectivity filter within the external end of the ion-permeation pathway. In several instances, including voltage-activated K<sup>+</sup> (Kv) channels, ATP-activated P2X receptor channels, and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, the ion-permeation pathways have been proposed to dilate in response to persistent activation, dynamically altering ion permeation. Here, we discuss evidence for dynamic ion selectivity, examples where ion selectivity filters exhibit structural plasticity, and opportunities to fill gaps in our current understanding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":440,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Biochemical Sciences","volume":"49 5","pages":"Pages 417-430"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140183409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.01.011
Brenita C. Jenkins , Kit Neikirk , Prasanna Katti , Steven M. Claypool , Annet Kirabo , Melanie R. McReynolds , Antentor Hinton Jr.
Mitochondrial structure often determines the function of these highly dynamic, multifunctional, eukaryotic organelles, which are essential for maintaining cellular health. The dynamic nature of mitochondria is apparent in descriptions of different mitochondrial shapes [e.g., donuts, megamitochondria (MGs), and nanotunnels] and crista dynamics. This review explores the significance of dynamic alterations in mitochondrial morphology and regulators of mitochondrial and cristae shape. We focus on studies across tissue types and also describe new microscopy techniques for detecting mitochondrial morphologies both in vivo and in vitro that can improve understanding of mitochondrial structure. We highlight the potential therapeutic benefits of regulating mitochondrial morphology and discuss prospective avenues to restore mitochondrial bioenergetics to manage diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction.
{"title":"Mitochondria in disease: changes in shapes and dynamics","authors":"Brenita C. Jenkins , Kit Neikirk , Prasanna Katti , Steven M. Claypool , Annet Kirabo , Melanie R. McReynolds , Antentor Hinton Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.tibs.2024.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tibs.2024.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mitochondrial structure often determines the function of these highly dynamic, multifunctional, eukaryotic organelles, which are essential for maintaining cellular health. The dynamic nature of mitochondria is apparent in descriptions of different mitochondrial shapes [e.g., donuts, megamitochondria (MGs), and nanotunnels] and crista dynamics. This review explores the significance of dynamic alterations in mitochondrial morphology and regulators of mitochondrial and cristae shape. We focus on studies across tissue types and also describe new microscopy techniques for detecting mitochondrial morphologies both <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> that can improve understanding of mitochondrial structure. We highlight the potential therapeutic benefits of regulating mitochondrial morphology and discuss prospective avenues to restore mitochondrial bioenergetics to manage diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":440,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Biochemical Sciences","volume":"49 4","pages":"Pages 346-360"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968000424000318/pdfft?md5=359eda6018c50713888fb7b928e6cd87&pid=1-s2.0-S0968000424000318-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139943708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}