Sacred groves are the traditionally managed small or large patches of relict vegetation conserved on religious beliefs and representing the climax vegetation. These sacred patches have some set of traditional rules or protocols called taboos, which are key to the conservation of the sacred groves and the diversity within. Interestingly, every sacred grove has its legends, myths, taboos, and lores which are an integral part of the sacred groves. Sacred groves act as a gene bank for the threatened and endemic flora and fauna diversity, which are either diminishing from the open forest areas are somewhere some species get cleared however, these are still found in good numbers in the sacred groves. The sacred forests are the powerhouse of important ethnomedicinal flora, and several important medicinal plants are housed in these sacred patches. In the Peer Panchal region, these sacred patches play a pivotal role in the conservation of vegetation, however, in the present era of modernity and development, these sacred patches are facing high anthropogenic pressure due to the erosion of traditional knowledge and beliefs, leading to high rate of deteriorations of these life savior patches of forests. The present work reviews the sacred groves in the Peer Panchal region of Northwestern Himalayas, intending to highlight their role in maintaining a balance in our ecosystem and the need to recognize their values and the proper need for the conservation of these life-savior patches of forests.
{"title":"Sacred groves: the gene banks of threatened and ethnomedicinal flora, associated taboos and role in biodiversity conservation in the Peer Panchal range of North Western Himalayas, India","authors":"Mushtaq Ahmed, Vandana Sharma, Manjul Dhiman","doi":"10.12775/eq.2023.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.030","url":null,"abstract":"Sacred groves are the traditionally managed small or large patches of relict vegetation conserved on religious beliefs and representing the climax vegetation. These sacred patches have some set of traditional rules or protocols called taboos, which are key to the conservation of the sacred groves and the diversity within. Interestingly, every sacred grove has its legends, myths, taboos, and lores which are an integral part of the sacred groves. Sacred groves act as a gene bank for the threatened and endemic flora and fauna diversity, which are either diminishing from the open forest areas are somewhere some species get cleared however, these are still found in good numbers in the sacred groves. The sacred forests are the powerhouse of important ethnomedicinal flora, and several important medicinal plants are housed in these sacred patches. In the Peer Panchal region, these sacred patches play a pivotal role in the conservation of vegetation, however, in the present era of modernity and development, these sacred patches are facing high anthropogenic pressure due to the erosion of traditional knowledge and beliefs, leading to high rate of deteriorations of these life savior patches of forests. The present work reviews the sacred groves in the Peer Panchal region of Northwestern Himalayas, intending to highlight their role in maintaining a balance in our ecosystem and the need to recognize their values and the proper need for the conservation of these life-savior patches of forests.","PeriodicalId":44105,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41998903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmad Ali Khan, Zhao Yuanjie, Jamil Khan, G. Rahman, Muhammad Rafiq
Temperature and precipitation are significant variables that can be used to determine the climatic variability in a region. This research study has focused on temperature, which is significant for the study of climatic variability over a long period in an area. The temperature has been assessed spatially and temporally in South Xinjiang, China using various climate indices. The temporal data about the temperature of seventeen meteorological stations were acquired from the Chinese Meteorology Administration (CMA) from 1980 to 2018. The Mann-Kendall (MK) trend test and Sen’s Slope (SS) statistical models were used to quantify the magnitude and temporal trend. The monthly and seasonal analysis of temperature reveals a significant increasing trend in mean maximum, mean minimum and average temperatures in the study area. The Sen’s Slope test results indicate an increasing monthly and seasonal temperature trend in almost all meteorological stations. The increasing trend in temperature is mainly due to the desert type of climate of the region that is gradually further aggravating with every passing year. This increasing temperature trend will smoothen the way for perpetual drought in the region in the future. Therefore, this research would be beneficial for future planning and management of water resources in the region and for making preventive measures to mitigate the impacts of climate change in the study area.
{"title":"Spatio-temporal Fluctuation of Temperature Using Specific Climate Indices in South Xinjiang, China","authors":"Ahmad Ali Khan, Zhao Yuanjie, Jamil Khan, G. Rahman, Muhammad Rafiq","doi":"10.12775/eq.2023.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.026","url":null,"abstract":"Temperature and precipitation are significant variables that can be used to determine the climatic variability in a region. This research study has focused on temperature, which is significant for the study of climatic variability over a long period in an area. The temperature has been assessed spatially and temporally in South Xinjiang, China using various climate indices. The temporal data about the temperature of seventeen meteorological stations were acquired from the Chinese Meteorology Administration (CMA) from 1980 to 2018. The Mann-Kendall (MK) trend test and Sen’s Slope (SS) statistical models were used to quantify the magnitude and temporal trend. The monthly and seasonal analysis of temperature reveals a significant increasing trend in mean maximum, mean minimum and average temperatures in the study area. The Sen’s Slope test results indicate an increasing monthly and seasonal temperature trend in almost all meteorological stations. The increasing trend in temperature is mainly due to the desert type of climate of the region that is gradually further aggravating with every passing year. This increasing temperature trend will smoothen the way for perpetual drought in the region in the future. Therefore, this research would be beneficial for future planning and management of water resources in the region and for making preventive measures to mitigate the impacts of climate change in the study area.","PeriodicalId":44105,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49498606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present investigation aims to determine the botanical origin and chemical composition of bee pollen samples (n =22) harvested from Apis cerana hives domesticated in Pauri Garhwal (Uttarakhand, India). The majority (95%) of the samples were unifloral in their botanical origin. All the identified pollens belonged to eighteen plant families, among which Rutaceae, Asteraceae and Brassicaceae were found dominant. The chemical parameters soluble sugars, starch, crude protein, amino acids and phenolic contents were analyzed calorimetrically and were found in the range from 0.2 to 26.09 mg/g, 0.22 to 11.04 mg/g, 13.40 to 191.41 mg/g, 2.01 to 6.48 mg/g, and 5.10 to 35.50 mg GAE/g, respectively. Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were observed between the chemical contents of the analyzed samples and a moderate correlation (r= 0.40; n=22) was observed between total soluble sugars and crude protein. Bee pollens as a good source of nutrition, medicine and dietary supplement for both humans and bees, demonstrate the important need to define bee pollen from different regions of India in order to develop bee pollen quality standards.
{"title":"Botanical origin and chemical composition of bee pollens collected from Apis cerana hives domesticated in the Pauri Garhwal, Western Himalaya, India","authors":"Ajendra Singh Bagri, P. Tiwari, Eza Gloch","doi":"10.12775/eq.2023.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.020","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation aims to determine the botanical origin and chemical composition of bee pollen samples (n =22) harvested from Apis cerana hives domesticated in Pauri Garhwal (Uttarakhand, India). The majority (95%) of the samples were unifloral in their botanical origin. All the identified pollens belonged to eighteen plant families, among which Rutaceae, Asteraceae and Brassicaceae were found dominant. The chemical parameters soluble sugars, starch, crude protein, amino acids and phenolic contents were analyzed calorimetrically and were found in the range from 0.2 to 26.09 mg/g, 0.22 to 11.04 mg/g, 13.40 to 191.41 mg/g, 2.01 to 6.48 mg/g, and 5.10 to 35.50 mg GAE/g, respectively. Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were observed between the chemical contents of the analyzed samples and a moderate correlation (r= 0.40; n=22) was observed between total soluble sugars and crude protein. Bee pollens as a good source of nutrition, medicine and dietary supplement for both humans and bees, demonstrate the important need to define bee pollen from different regions of India in order to develop bee pollen quality standards.","PeriodicalId":44105,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49202359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kausar, Ambreen Afzal, Ghuffran Saeed, Asad Maqsoom, O. Khan, Sheeba Afsar, Yasmeen Anis, Syeda Marium Zehra, V. Vambol, S. Vambol
Karachi is the major financial hub of Pakistan. The urban sprawl generates many sub financial hubs as well e.g. Saddar which is consider as CBD of metropolitan, specifically area along I.I. Chundrigar road is almost have offices and business set-up. The similar pattern has been emerged in many other places e.g. Shahrah-e-Faisal and Tariq road. Along all three major roads mixed-used development particularly commercialization has taken place prominently and these sectors emerged as main business Centre. The present study was aimed to assess the Land-Use/Land Cover (LU/LC), green cover and air quality index analysis through object based analysis on very high-resolution satellite imagery at Shahrah-e-Faisal. The obtained results showed that the combine three activities such as Shopping, Business and Trade (SBT), Social, Institutional and Infrastructure related activities (SII), and travel or movement (ToM) were occupied on 51.34% of land. The residential activities also make an attractive volume of proportion was up to 47.11%. Therefore, it can be the perfect example of smart growth if introduction greenways initiate more effectively along with some attraction spots for Leisure.
{"title":"Land-Use/Land Cover Analysis Through Object Based Technique: A Case Study of Shahrah-e-Faisal","authors":"A. Kausar, Ambreen Afzal, Ghuffran Saeed, Asad Maqsoom, O. Khan, Sheeba Afsar, Yasmeen Anis, Syeda Marium Zehra, V. Vambol, S. Vambol","doi":"10.12775/eq.2023.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.024","url":null,"abstract":"Karachi is the major financial hub of Pakistan. The urban sprawl generates many sub financial hubs as well e.g. Saddar which is consider as CBD of metropolitan, specifically area along I.I. Chundrigar road is almost have offices and business set-up. The similar pattern has been emerged in many other places e.g. Shahrah-e-Faisal and Tariq road. Along all three major roads mixed-used development particularly commercialization has taken place prominently and these sectors emerged as main business Centre. The present study was aimed to assess the Land-Use/Land Cover (LU/LC), green cover and air quality index analysis through object based analysis on very high-resolution satellite imagery at Shahrah-e-Faisal. The obtained results showed that the combine three activities such as Shopping, Business and Trade (SBT), Social, Institutional and Infrastructure related activities (SII), and travel or movement (ToM) were occupied on 51.34% of land. The residential activities also make an attractive volume of proportion was up to 47.11%. Therefore, it can be the perfect example of smart growth if introduction greenways initiate more effectively along with some attraction spots for Leisure.","PeriodicalId":44105,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45967758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Melnichuk, S. Alekseeva, O. Hordiienko, O. Nychyporuk, Andrii Borysenko
The aim of the research is to establish the influence of watering on the phenological and biological features of winter wheat pests development, in particular Sunn pests. Trials were conducted on winter wheat crops under sprinkler irrigation in 2015-2020 in conditions of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The size of the experimental plots in the field experiments was 50 m2 (10.4x4.8 m) at the 4 times replication. The allocation of plots was randomized. The average numbers of Sunn pest nymphs in 2015-2020 were 0.7-2.7 exemplars/m² on non-irrigated winter wheat crops and 0.8-3.8 exemplars/m² on irrigated. The share of the factor “presence of irrigation” that impacts on the number of Sunn pests reaches 80.2%. The sums of degree-days necessary for the beginning of different development stages of this phytophagous were calculated. The stage of the revival of Sunn pest nymphs began in mid-May – the first decade of June, which coincided with the phases of development of winter wheat: the end of flowering – soft dough ripening of the grain. The sum of degree-days required for the beginning of this stage was 177.8-233.8°C without irrigation, while in sprinkler irrigation conditions – 275.5-349.1°C. For the beginning of the transformation of the fifth instar nymphs into adults, the required sum of degree-days was 410.5-481.5°C on the non-irrigated crops and 545.7-630.4°C – under conditions of irrigation. Clarifying the sum of degree-days required for different stages of Sunn pest development will allow for predicting the terms of protective measures against this pest in the field conditions under irrigation.
{"title":"Influence of irrigation on the Sunn pest Eurygaster integriceps Put. (Insecta: Heteroptera) in the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"F. Melnichuk, S. Alekseeva, O. Hordiienko, O. Nychyporuk, Andrii Borysenko","doi":"10.12775/eq.2023.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.022","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research is to establish the influence of watering on the phenological and biological features of winter wheat pests development, in particular Sunn pests. Trials were conducted on winter wheat crops under sprinkler irrigation in 2015-2020 in conditions of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The size of the experimental plots in the field experiments was 50 m2 (10.4x4.8 m) at the 4 times replication. The allocation of plots was randomized. The average numbers of Sunn pest nymphs in 2015-2020 were 0.7-2.7 exemplars/m² on non-irrigated winter wheat crops and 0.8-3.8 exemplars/m² on irrigated. The share of the factor “presence of irrigation” that impacts on the number of Sunn pests reaches 80.2%. The sums of degree-days necessary for the beginning of different development stages of this phytophagous were calculated. The stage of the revival of Sunn pest nymphs began in mid-May – the first decade of June, which coincided with the phases of development of winter wheat: the end of flowering – soft dough ripening of the grain. The sum of degree-days required for the beginning of this stage was 177.8-233.8°C without irrigation, while in sprinkler irrigation conditions – 275.5-349.1°C. For the beginning of the transformation of the fifth instar nymphs into adults, the required sum of degree-days was 410.5-481.5°C on the non-irrigated crops and 545.7-630.4°C – under conditions of irrigation. Clarifying the sum of degree-days required for different stages of Sunn pest development will allow for predicting the terms of protective measures against this pest in the field conditions under irrigation.","PeriodicalId":44105,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46745535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Tkalich, O. Tsyliuryk, Oleksandr O. Havryushenko, O. Mytsyk, V. Kozechko, Yu. M. Rudakov, O. Tkalich, N. Honchar
The highest control of ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in the field experiments was provided by the herbicide Primekstra TZ Gold (effect - 83%; dose - 4.5 l/ha), bent sedum (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) with herbicide Mastak (effect - 88%; dose - 0.5 l/ha), chicken millet (Echinochloa crus-galli L.) using the herbicides Varyag and Datonit Gold (effect - 57%, dose - 4.5 and 2.5, respectively), white quinoa (Chenopodium album L.) – herbicide Datonite Gold with surfactant (effect - 85%; dose - 2.5 l/ha). The greatest chemical control was provided by the application options of herbicides Varyag – 4.5 l/ha and Agent – 0.6 l/ha in the phase of 3-5 leaves of the crop in June. This treatment provide the Ponki sorghum hybrid grain yield increase 24-27% compared to the control.
{"title":"Weed chemical control in grain sorghum at the steppe zone of Ukraine","authors":"Y. Tkalich, O. Tsyliuryk, Oleksandr O. Havryushenko, O. Mytsyk, V. Kozechko, Yu. M. Rudakov, O. Tkalich, N. Honchar","doi":"10.12775/eq.2023.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.023","url":null,"abstract":"The highest control of ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in the field experiments was provided by the herbicide Primekstra TZ Gold (effect - 83%; dose - 4.5 l/ha), bent sedum (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) with herbicide Mastak (effect - 88%; dose - 0.5 l/ha), chicken millet (Echinochloa crus-galli L.) using the herbicides Varyag and Datonit Gold (effect - 57%, dose - 4.5 and 2.5, respectively), white quinoa (Chenopodium album L.) – herbicide Datonite Gold with surfactant (effect - 85%; dose - 2.5 l/ha). The greatest chemical control was provided by the application options of herbicides Varyag – 4.5 l/ha and Agent – 0.6 l/ha in the phase of 3-5 leaves of the crop in June. This treatment provide the Ponki sorghum hybrid grain yield increase 24-27% compared to the control.","PeriodicalId":44105,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43985008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Hrynzovskyi, Saimah Khan, Rohan Srivastava, Abdul Rahman Khan
In recent years, the interaction of people with the surrounding ecological environment has become increasingly unsafe for health, namely the person' physical and mental capabilities. This is especially true of the younger generation, like students of higher educational institutions, who have weakened immunity due to a busy study schedule, constant mental overload and stress. That is, health, as a sign of the quality of life of a student, is associated with the ecological situation and lifestyle, therefore, is one of the main concepts of human ecology. The influence of additional negative factors, such as stress and restrictions associated with the Covid-19 pandemic, greatly increases the risk of developing students' mental health problems. Unexpected isolation related to Covid-19 has caused disruption to daily routines, especially in students. The sudden change in the learning environment and limited social interactions and activities posed an unusual situation for children's developing brains. The study aim is to investigate and identify the psychological threats posed by students of different ages (under 20, between 21–25, and 26-32) in this pandemic of COVID-19. It was found that 28.0% of students were often nervous and stressed in the age group under 20, in contrast to 26.5% and 11.1% in groups 21 to 25 and over 26, respectively. In the younger group of students, 10.2% of students never felt upset, in the group of 21-25 years old - 8.3% and over 26 years old - 5.6%. It was concluded that it is mandatory to assess the student's psychological health and to plan for necessary support mechanisms, mainly during the recovery phase, because depression, stress, fear of getting infected, fear of losing a loved one, fear about getting jobs and related academic issues, disturbance in sleeping pattern, increase in duration of screen time, etc., were found to be common among students of all age groups.
{"title":"Study of Covid-19 - Related Ecological Habitat of College Students: A Survey","authors":"A. Hrynzovskyi, Saimah Khan, Rohan Srivastava, Abdul Rahman Khan","doi":"10.12775/eq.2023.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.021","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the interaction of people with the surrounding ecological environment has become increasingly unsafe for health, namely the person' physical and mental capabilities. This is especially true of the younger generation, like students of higher educational institutions, who have weakened immunity due to a busy study schedule, constant mental overload and stress. That is, health, as a sign of the quality of life of a student, is associated with the ecological situation and lifestyle, therefore, is one of the main concepts of human ecology. The influence of additional negative factors, such as stress and restrictions associated with the Covid-19 pandemic, greatly increases the risk of developing students' mental health problems. Unexpected isolation related to Covid-19 has caused disruption to daily routines, especially in students. The sudden change in the learning environment and limited social interactions and activities posed an unusual situation for children's developing brains. The study aim is to investigate and identify the psychological threats posed by students of different ages (under 20, between 21–25, and 26-32) in this pandemic of COVID-19. It was found that 28.0% of students were often nervous and stressed in the age group under 20, in contrast to 26.5% and 11.1% in groups 21 to 25 and over 26, respectively. In the younger group of students, 10.2% of students never felt upset, in the group of 21-25 years old - 8.3% and over 26 years old - 5.6%. It was concluded that it is mandatory to assess the student's psychological health and to plan for necessary support mechanisms, mainly during the recovery phase, because depression, stress, fear of getting infected, fear of losing a loved one, fear about getting jobs and related academic issues, disturbance in sleeping pattern, increase in duration of screen time, etc., were found to be common among students of all age groups.","PeriodicalId":44105,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48841890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Yeremenko, Mohd Younus Wani, N. A. Ganie, Mushtaq Mir, S. Mir, M. Yaqoob, I. Murtaza, T. Wani, Mohd Farooq Baqual, Oleksii Sukennikov
The experiment was conducted to analyse the larval performance and economic traits of bivoltine silkworm breeds of silkworm (SK-1, SK-6, SK-22, SK-28, SK-33, CSR4, CSR2, NB4D2, DUN6 and APS4) during spring season. The haemolymph total protein, succinate and gultamate dehydrogenase activities were estimated and their correlation with economic traits were also worked out. The results of the study confirmed that among ten bivoltine silkworm breeds, highest haemolymph SDH activity of 3.47 µmoles/ml/mgprotein/min was recorded in the silkworm breed SK1 and least SDH activity of 1.58 µmoles/ml/mg protein/min was recorded in the breed APS4. The highest peak of succinate dehydrogenase activity of 2.65 µmoles/ml/mg protein/min was observed on 7th day of the 5th instar and lowest peak of succinate dehydrogenase activity of 2.39 µmoles/ml/mg protein/min was observed on 4th day of the 5th instar. GDH activity of 0.46 µmoles/ml/mg protein/min was recorded highest in the silkworm breed SK1 and lowest of 0.15 µmoles/ml/mg protein/min was recorded in silkworm breed APS4. The highest peak of haemolymph GDH of 0.36 µmoles/ml/mg protein/min was recorded on 7th day of 5th instar and lowest peak of 0.26 µmoles/ml/mg protein/min was recorded on 4th day of 5th instar. The correlational studies revealed that haemolymph total protein, SDH and GDH were found to be positively corelated with yield by weight and number (cocoon), weight of mature larvae, shell weight ,cocoon weight, shell ratio percent, silk productivity, rate of pupation, fecundity, raw silk percentage and length of filament. Thus, the study revealed that silkworm breeds like SK1, SK6, SK22 and SK28 as productive breeds and hence may be used for future breeding programmes for evolution of new robust silkworm breeds
{"title":"Studies of the silkworm enzyme activity and their correlations with economic variables","authors":"S. Yeremenko, Mohd Younus Wani, N. A. Ganie, Mushtaq Mir, S. Mir, M. Yaqoob, I. Murtaza, T. Wani, Mohd Farooq Baqual, Oleksii Sukennikov","doi":"10.12775/eq.2023.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.018","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted to analyse the larval performance and economic traits of bivoltine silkworm breeds of silkworm (SK-1, SK-6, SK-22, SK-28, SK-33, CSR4, CSR2, NB4D2, DUN6 and APS4) during spring season. The haemolymph total protein, succinate and gultamate dehydrogenase activities were estimated and their correlation with economic traits were also worked out. The results of the study confirmed that among ten bivoltine silkworm breeds, highest haemolymph SDH activity of 3.47 µmoles/ml/mgprotein/min was recorded in the silkworm breed SK1 and least SDH activity of 1.58 µmoles/ml/mg protein/min was recorded in the breed APS4. The highest peak of succinate dehydrogenase activity of 2.65 µmoles/ml/mg protein/min was observed on 7th day of the 5th instar and lowest peak of succinate dehydrogenase activity of 2.39 µmoles/ml/mg protein/min was observed on 4th day of the 5th instar. GDH activity of 0.46 µmoles/ml/mg protein/min was recorded highest in the silkworm breed SK1 and lowest of 0.15 µmoles/ml/mg protein/min was recorded in silkworm breed APS4. The highest peak of haemolymph GDH of 0.36 µmoles/ml/mg protein/min was recorded on 7th day of 5th instar and lowest peak of 0.26 µmoles/ml/mg protein/min was recorded on 4th day of 5th instar. The correlational studies revealed that haemolymph total protein, SDH and GDH were found to be positively corelated with yield by weight and number (cocoon), weight of mature larvae, shell weight ,cocoon weight, shell ratio percent, silk productivity, rate of pupation, fecundity, raw silk percentage and length of filament. Thus, the study revealed that silkworm breeds like SK1, SK6, SK22 and SK28 as productive breeds and hence may be used for future breeding programmes for evolution of new robust silkworm breeds","PeriodicalId":44105,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47438648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents the distribution of localities of seven tree taxa, identified as new hosts of mistletoe in Poland, in the city of Toruń. Particular attention was paid to the description of a site with mistletoe on an oak identified as Quercus x rosacea. The reason for this is that native oaks are rare hosts of mistletoe in Central and Eastern Europe and this is the first finding of such a host–parasite association in Poland. The occurrence of all eight host species at 14 sites was compared with the distribution and description of localities and morphological characteristics of both host–mistletoe association components presented in the botanical, ecological and forestry literature.
{"title":"Oak and others, new to Poland, hosts of mistletoe Viscum album subsp. album in the city of Toruń and its immediate vicinity","authors":"L. Rutkowski, A. Nienartowicz, Mieczysław Kunz","doi":"10.12775/eq.2023.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.019","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the distribution of localities of seven tree taxa, identified as new hosts of mistletoe in Poland, in the city of Toruń. Particular attention was paid to the description of a site with mistletoe on an oak identified as Quercus x rosacea. The reason for this is that native oaks are rare hosts of mistletoe in Central and Eastern Europe and this is the first finding of such a host–parasite association in Poland. The occurrence of all eight host species at 14 sites was compared with the distribution and description of localities and morphological characteristics of both host–mistletoe association components presented in the botanical, ecological and forestry literature.","PeriodicalId":44105,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46458735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Bui, V. K. Phung, Thi Phuong Dung Nguyen, V. Q. Nguyen, B. Dell
Allometric models play an undeniable role for estimating hard-to-measure quantities such as volume, biomass and carbon stock in forests. However, so far there has been limited model development for native forests in Vietnam. Therefore, this study was conducted to build and analyze the effectiveness of nonlinear and mixed models for secondary and old-growth forests in Gia Lai, Vietnam. The study measured diameter at breast height, total height, commercial height and crown width of forest trees in 20 plots (10 plots for each forest stage). The results showed that diameter had the strongest relationship with height. In the secondary forest, the Power, Korf and Ratskowky models were the best for pairs of variables, while Prodan, Weibull and Power models were the best fit in the old-growth forest. The nonlinear mixed-effect models were better than classic nonlinear models in both forest stages. Fixed and mixed models developed in this study are very valuable for estimating difficult-to-measure quantities and contribute to effective forest management in the study region.
{"title":"Allometric relationships among tree-size variables under tropical forest stages in Gia Lai, Vietnam","authors":"M. Bui, V. K. Phung, Thi Phuong Dung Nguyen, V. Q. Nguyen, B. Dell","doi":"10.12775/eq.2023.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.017","url":null,"abstract":"Allometric models play an undeniable role for estimating hard-to-measure quantities such as volume, biomass and carbon stock in forests. However, so far there has been limited model development for native forests in Vietnam. Therefore, this study was conducted to build and analyze the effectiveness of nonlinear and mixed models for secondary and old-growth forests in Gia Lai, Vietnam. The study measured diameter at breast height, total height, commercial height and crown width of forest trees in 20 plots (10 plots for each forest stage). The results showed that diameter had the strongest relationship with height. In the secondary forest, the Power, Korf and Ratskowky models were the best for pairs of variables, while Prodan, Weibull and Power models were the best fit in the old-growth forest. The nonlinear mixed-effect models were better than classic nonlinear models in both forest stages. Fixed and mixed models developed in this study are very valuable for estimating difficult-to-measure quantities and contribute to effective forest management in the study region.","PeriodicalId":44105,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43242246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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