The intensity of biofilm formation by heterotrophic bacteria possessed ammonifying ability (Bacillus simplex ChNPU F1, Streptomyces canus NUChC F2, Streptomyces gardneri ChNPU F3), ammonifying and iron-reducing ability (Fictibacillus sp. ChNPU ZVB1) previously isolated from soil ferrosphere was studied. Methods used: indirect measurement of the biomass of the bacterial biofilm using the adsorption/desorption of crystal violet, the aggregation test (to determine aggregation properties), the salt aggregation test (to determine hydrophobicity). The correlation analysis between the intensity of biofilm formation and aggregation of strains showed a significant positive correlation. The studied strains of microorganisms did not show high adhesive properties, they were moderately-adhesive (B. simplex, S. canus and S. gardneri) and weakly-adhesive (Fictibacillus sp.). It is supposed that the role these bacteria in the microbial damage of materials is determined preferably by bioelectrochemical reactions (iron-reducing bacteria) and the production of corrosive and/or antimicrobial metabolites (ammonifying and iron-reducing bacteria), but not by the biofilms formation. The prospect of further research is to analyze the antagonistic properties and biofilm formation of heterotrophic bacteria under co-cultivation conditions, in particular, with sulfate-reducing bacteria.
{"title":"The intensity of biofilm formation by heterotrophic bacteria isolated from soil ferrosphere","authors":"N. Tkachuk, L. Zelena","doi":"10.12775/eq.2023.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.016","url":null,"abstract":"The intensity of biofilm formation by heterotrophic bacteria possessed ammonifying ability (Bacillus simplex ChNPU F1, Streptomyces canus NUChC F2, Streptomyces gardneri ChNPU F3), ammonifying and iron-reducing ability (Fictibacillus sp. ChNPU ZVB1) previously isolated from soil ferrosphere was studied. Methods used: indirect measurement of the biomass of the bacterial biofilm using the adsorption/desorption of crystal violet, the aggregation test (to determine aggregation properties), the salt aggregation test (to determine hydrophobicity). The correlation analysis between the intensity of biofilm formation and aggregation of strains showed a significant positive correlation. The studied strains of microorganisms did not show high adhesive properties, they were moderately-adhesive (B. simplex, S. canus and S. gardneri) and weakly-adhesive (Fictibacillus sp.). It is supposed that the role these bacteria in the microbial damage of materials is determined preferably by bioelectrochemical reactions (iron-reducing bacteria) and the production of corrosive and/or antimicrobial metabolites (ammonifying and iron-reducing bacteria), but not by the biofilms formation. The prospect of further research is to analyze the antagonistic properties and biofilm formation of heterotrophic bacteria under co-cultivation conditions, in particular, with sulfate-reducing bacteria.","PeriodicalId":44105,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43020623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Blinkova, N. Makarenko, L. Raichuk, Yulia Havrylnuk, T. Grabovska, H. Roubík
Research needs of adaptation mechanisms of invasive alien species arises in connection with the naturalization of species of the genus Parthenocissus Planch in forest ecosystems of Ukraine. The results showed that P. quinquefolia has a wide range of values of edaphic and climatic factors. The populations of P. quinquefolia differ according to the degree of anthropogenic transformation of the ecotope, the ecological conditions formed, and the allocation of coenotics. The biomorphological characteristics of the species variability are shown on the gradient of anthropogenic transformation. Diagnostic parameters of P. quinquefolia under the conditions of anthropogenic transformation are the number of crotches of the tendrils and the length of the tendrils. The number of flowers per plant is characterized by the highest level of variation and belongs to the V class of variability. The smallest plasticity is characterized by the diameter of the stem. Vitality analysis indicated that cenopopulations of P. quinquefolia belong to the equilibria or prosperous population types, regardless of the intensity of the anthropogenic factor.
{"title":"Invasion of Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch in the forest-steppe of Ukraine","authors":"O. Blinkova, N. Makarenko, L. Raichuk, Yulia Havrylnuk, T. Grabovska, H. Roubík","doi":"10.12775/eq.2023.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.011","url":null,"abstract":"Research needs of adaptation mechanisms of invasive alien species arises in connection with the naturalization of species of the genus Parthenocissus Planch in forest ecosystems of Ukraine. The results showed that P. quinquefolia has a wide range of values of edaphic and climatic factors. The populations of P. quinquefolia differ according to the degree of anthropogenic transformation of the ecotope, the ecological conditions formed, and the allocation of coenotics. The biomorphological characteristics of the species variability are shown on the gradient of anthropogenic transformation. Diagnostic parameters of P. quinquefolia under the conditions of anthropogenic transformation are the number of crotches of the tendrils and the length of the tendrils. The number of flowers per plant is characterized by the highest level of variation and belongs to the V class of variability. The smallest plasticity is characterized by the diameter of the stem. Vitality analysis indicated that cenopopulations of P. quinquefolia belong to the equilibria or prosperous population types, regardless of the intensity of the anthropogenic factor.","PeriodicalId":44105,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45310234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research was conducted in similar soil-orographic conditions of three widespread coniferous-deciduous forest types in the North-Western Caucasus: aspen-hornbeam, beech-fir-hornbeam, and fir-beech. The methods used included geobotanical, population-ontogenetic, and soil-zoological. It was found that the north and south slopes in all the studied forest types, in comparison with the flat areas, are characterised by significantly higher plant species richness. The efficiency of the renewal of arboral cenopopulations was much higher on the slopes, in comparison with the flat areas: the number of tree species (higher by 20–70%); density of tree species (higher by 50–100%); the number of cenopopulations of tree species with a complete ontogenetic spectrum was larger on the slopes, in comparison with the flat areas. A greater number of ecological groups of plants were described on the north and south slopes, in comparison with the flat areas. The proportion of boreal species was higher on the north slopes, in comparison with the south slopes, whereas the majority of meadow-forest edge species were the south slopes. The north and south slopes were characterised by the full functional diversity of soil invertebrates, whereas endemic and sub-endemic macrofauna also preserved. On the north slopes, we revealed a high biomass of large litter and soil saprophages, including species and groups actively participating in transformation of plant litter and soil formation. The south slopes showed high densities of phytophages and predators (among soil macrofauna), which regulate the diversity of other components of forest communities through biotic interactions. All the studied forest types on the north and south slopes exceeded the flat areas in terms of species diversity of plant communities, regeneration of tree species, ecological plant groups, endemic fauna of soil invertebrates, including soil formers.
{"title":"STRUCTURAL AND SPECIES DIVERSITY ON NORTH AND SOUTH SLOPES IN CONIFEROUS-DECIDUOUS FORESTS OF THE NORTH-WESTERN CAUCASUS","authors":"N. Shevchenko, A. Geraskina","doi":"10.12775/eq.2023.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.010","url":null,"abstract":"The research was conducted in similar soil-orographic conditions of three widespread coniferous-deciduous forest types in the North-Western Caucasus: aspen-hornbeam, beech-fir-hornbeam, and fir-beech. The methods used included geobotanical, population-ontogenetic, and soil-zoological. It was found that the north and south slopes in all the studied forest types, in comparison with the flat areas, are characterised by significantly higher plant species richness. The efficiency of the renewal of arboral cenopopulations was much higher on the slopes, in comparison with the flat areas: the number of tree species (higher by 20–70%); density of tree species (higher by 50–100%); the number of cenopopulations of tree species with a complete ontogenetic spectrum was larger on the slopes, in comparison with the flat areas. A greater number of ecological groups of plants were described on the north and south slopes, in comparison with the flat areas. The proportion of boreal species was higher on the north slopes, in comparison with the south slopes, whereas the majority of meadow-forest edge species were the south slopes. The north and south slopes were characterised by the full functional diversity of soil invertebrates, whereas endemic and sub-endemic macrofauna also preserved. On the north slopes, we revealed a high biomass of large litter and soil saprophages, including species and groups actively participating in transformation of plant litter and soil formation. The south slopes showed high densities of phytophages and predators (among soil macrofauna), which regulate the diversity of other components of forest communities through biotic interactions. All the studied forest types on the north and south slopes exceeded the flat areas in terms of species diversity of plant communities, regeneration of tree species, ecological plant groups, endemic fauna of soil invertebrates, including soil formers. ","PeriodicalId":44105,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45200713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saira Munawar, G. Rahman, M. Miandad, Mehtab Ahmed Khan, Humayun Ashraf, Saba Yousaf Zai
Climate change is one of the pertinent issues for the 21st century mainly for the transboundary river basins because it has parallel impacts on the hydrosphere and cryosphere. The temperature changes impacted the snow-covered area (SCA) of the river basins. MODIS MOD10A2 product data was used to delineate the SCA for the Jhelum River basin. The catchment is further divided into elevation zones using DEM to delineate the SCA for every zone. The temperature changes were plotted against the SCA, and correlation analysis was used to see the impact of climate change on the SCA. The seasonal trend of SCA has depicted an increase in SCA during the spring and summer seasons and decreasing trend during autumn while winter shows stability. The snow cover depletion curve (SCDC) showed that snow is maximum in December, January, and February while its minimum during July and August. The correlation analysis of temperature and SCA for the period of 2001-2017 illustrated the inverse relationship, which depicted that a slight increase in temperature may trigger the fastest depletion in the snow-covered areas generating water issues for snow/glacier-fed river basins.
{"title":"Impact of climate change on snow covered area over the transboundary Jhelum River basin of Himalayas region using Remote Sensing","authors":"Saira Munawar, G. Rahman, M. Miandad, Mehtab Ahmed Khan, Humayun Ashraf, Saba Yousaf Zai","doi":"10.12775/eq.2023.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.014","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is one of the pertinent issues for the 21st century mainly for the transboundary river basins because it has parallel impacts on the hydrosphere and cryosphere. The temperature changes impacted the snow-covered area (SCA) of the river basins. MODIS MOD10A2 product data was used to delineate the SCA for the Jhelum River basin. The catchment is further divided into elevation zones using DEM to delineate the SCA for every zone. The temperature changes were plotted against the SCA, and correlation analysis was used to see the impact of climate change on the SCA. The seasonal trend of SCA has depicted an increase in SCA during the spring and summer seasons and decreasing trend during autumn while winter shows stability. The snow cover depletion curve (SCDC) showed that snow is maximum in December, January, and February while its minimum during July and August. The correlation analysis of temperature and SCA for the period of 2001-2017 illustrated the inverse relationship, which depicted that a slight increase in temperature may trigger the fastest depletion in the snow-covered areas generating water issues for snow/glacier-fed river basins.","PeriodicalId":44105,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44831808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taxa naturally occupying ecosystems spatially restricted by anthropogenic land development sometimes find refuge in secondary habitats, taking advantage of conditions created by human management. One of them is Cylindera arenaria viennensis (Schrank, 1781), a rare tiger beetle originally inhabiting natural river valleys, especially open flat banks and dynamic alluvial zones. Today, these habitats across Europe have been heavily transformed, mostly losing their former natural character. Published data as well as those reported in this study indicate that all nine present-day (recorded no more than 30 years ago) localities of this beetle in Poland are found in secondary habitats. These comprise mainly functioning or abandoned opencast extraction sites of mineral deposits (like sand or gravel), which fits the pattern observed in other central European countries. Nevertheless, such sites, due to vegetation succession, drainage or inadequate management following cessation of extraction, are quickly losing their attractiveness for C. a. viennensis, ultimately driving local populations to disappear, which is likely to have occurred in one of the reported localities. Thereby, it is crucial to search for and then to protect any sites of this species found in primary habitats, as the long-term survival of populations of this beetle seems best ensured by the protection and restoration of original alluvial habitats found in natural river valleys.
{"title":"From natural river floodplains to sand pits – the role of primary and secondary habitats in the conservation of the rare tiger beetle Cylindera arenaria viennensis (Schrank, 1781) in Poland","authors":"R. Bobrek","doi":"10.12775/eq.2023.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.012","url":null,"abstract":"Taxa naturally occupying ecosystems spatially restricted by anthropogenic land development sometimes find refuge in secondary habitats, taking advantage of conditions created by human management. One of them is Cylindera arenaria viennensis (Schrank, 1781), a rare tiger beetle originally inhabiting natural river valleys, especially open flat banks and dynamic alluvial zones. Today, these habitats across Europe have been heavily transformed, mostly losing their former natural character. Published data as well as those reported in this study indicate that all nine present-day (recorded no more than 30 years ago) localities of this beetle in Poland are found in secondary habitats. These comprise mainly functioning or abandoned opencast extraction sites of mineral deposits (like sand or gravel), which fits the pattern observed in other central European countries. Nevertheless, such sites, due to vegetation succession, drainage or inadequate management following cessation of extraction, are quickly losing their attractiveness for C. a. viennensis, ultimately driving local populations to disappear, which is likely to have occurred in one of the reported localities. Thereby, it is crucial to search for and then to protect any sites of this species found in primary habitats, as the long-term survival of populations of this beetle seems best ensured by the protection and restoration of original alluvial habitats found in natural river valleys.","PeriodicalId":44105,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41937354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Botrychium matricariifolium is a critically endangered species in Poland. In 2020, a new locality of this rare fern was found in the Góra Chełm forest reserve (Strzyżowskie Foothills). The population comprised 58 individuals. The fern was found in the Carpathian beech fertile complex Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum at a forest margin located near an unused quarry. The community comprised 29 vascular plant species. The dense layer of trees (90%) was composed of Acer pseudoplatanus, Abies alba, and Fagus sylvatica. The greatest coverage in the undergrowth was achieved by Dentaria glandulosa, Dentaria bulbifera, Galeobdolon luteum, and Mercurialis perennis. The mean height of the ferns was 14.9 cm. The trophophores had 3 branches each and were 1.1-3.4 cm long (mean: 2.1 cm). They had 5 to 9 pinnae. The length of the sporophore ranged from 2.3 to 8.3 cm (mean: 5.1 cm). It had from 12 to 183 sporangia (mean: 62). In 2021, the locality was re-verified, and 30 sporulating individuals were recorded. No factors threatening the species were noted. The population is in good condition and does not require any special active protection measures.
{"title":"New locality of Botrychium matricariifolium in south-eastern Poland – characteristics of the habitat and some plant traits","authors":"T. Wójcik, M. Ziaja","doi":"10.12775/eq.2023.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.015","url":null,"abstract":"Botrychium matricariifolium is a critically endangered species in Poland. In 2020, a new locality of this rare fern was found in the Góra Chełm forest reserve (Strzyżowskie Foothills). The population comprised 58 individuals. The fern was found in the Carpathian beech fertile complex Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum at a forest margin located near an unused quarry. The community comprised 29 vascular plant species. The dense layer of trees (90%) was composed of Acer pseudoplatanus, Abies alba, and Fagus sylvatica. The greatest coverage in the undergrowth was achieved by Dentaria glandulosa, Dentaria bulbifera, Galeobdolon luteum, and Mercurialis perennis. The mean height of the ferns was 14.9 cm. The trophophores had 3 branches each and were 1.1-3.4 cm long (mean: 2.1 cm). They had 5 to 9 pinnae. The length of the sporophore ranged from 2.3 to 8.3 cm (mean: 5.1 cm). It had from 12 to 183 sporangia (mean: 62). In 2021, the locality was re-verified, and 30 sporulating individuals were recorded. No factors threatening the species were noted. The population is in good condition and does not require any special active protection measures.","PeriodicalId":44105,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41873162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Hanh, M. Pham, N. T. T. Nga, Samreen Riaz Ahmed, A. Lahori, N. Borodina
The main aim of present study was to determine the most suitable land for paddy via AHP - GIS and Remote Sensing. Ba Thuoc district - Thanh Hoa province was selected as the target area to conduct the experimental set-up. As per opinion of scientists and the guidance of World Food Organization (FAO) on agricultural crops, the criteria selected to estimate the ecological adaptation of crops include soil type, soil texture, soil depth, soil pH, N (%), elevation, slope, distance from rivers, yearly precipitation, low-average and high temperature, average sunny hours, saltwater intrusion. The land suitability map was generated by superimposing the component maps considering the weighting of the criteria. The obtained results showed that in the experimental area nearly 8.26% of the land-use region was very appropriate for rice growing, 26.29% was observed medium appropriate, 43.35% was less appropriate and 22.1% was not fit for paddy cultivation. Overall, the data may be of value for country government, policy makers, managers as well as local authorities to induce local farmers for paddy production on most suitable areas
{"title":"Application of MCE-AHP technical for modelling paddy zoning: A case study in Vietnam","authors":"T. Hanh, M. Pham, N. T. T. Nga, Samreen Riaz Ahmed, A. Lahori, N. Borodina","doi":"10.12775/eq.2023.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.013","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of present study was to determine the most suitable land for paddy via AHP - GIS and Remote Sensing. Ba Thuoc district - Thanh Hoa province was selected as the target area to conduct the experimental set-up. As per opinion of scientists and the guidance of World Food Organization (FAO) on agricultural crops, the criteria selected to estimate the ecological adaptation of crops include soil type, soil texture, soil depth, soil pH, N (%), elevation, slope, distance from rivers, yearly precipitation, low-average and high temperature, average sunny hours, saltwater intrusion. The land suitability map was generated by superimposing the component maps considering the weighting of the criteria. The obtained results showed that in the experimental area nearly 8.26% of the land-use region was very appropriate for rice growing, 26.29% was observed medium appropriate, 43.35% was less appropriate and 22.1% was not fit for paddy cultivation. Overall, the data may be of value for country government, policy makers, managers as well as local authorities to induce local farmers for paddy production on most suitable areas","PeriodicalId":44105,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43490305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research study deals with the results of the yield and yield attributing characters of the wheat crop corresponding to the nine different treatments (T-1 to T-9) of paddy residue management. The wheat yield accounts for the grain yield and straw yield while the wheat yield attributing characters include the spike length, grains per spike, grain test weight, etc. The results of these pertains to the data collected and analysed from the two consecutive years of field experimentation employing various treatments and replications of paddy stubble management. The resultant data of different parameters (yield and its attributing characters) from various treatments carried out through the two years of field experiments is tabulated in the Table 1 and Table 2 for effective discussion of results. The results suggested that the combined use of SMS (straw management system) mounted combine harvester, happy seeder and decomposer provides the best way to manage paddy residue, thereby yielding good yields of succeeding wheat crop to the farmers.
{"title":"Effect of paddy residue management techniques on yield of wheat crop and its attributes","authors":"Vikramaditya Sangwan, S. Deswal","doi":"10.12775/eq.2023.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.009","url":null,"abstract":"The research study deals with the results of the yield and yield attributing characters of the wheat crop corresponding to the nine different treatments (T-1 to T-9) of paddy residue management. The wheat yield accounts for the grain yield and straw yield while the wheat yield attributing characters include the spike length, grains per spike, grain test weight, etc. The results of these pertains to the data collected and analysed from the two consecutive years of field experimentation employing various treatments and replications of paddy stubble management. The resultant data of different parameters (yield and its attributing characters) from various treatments carried out through the two years of field experiments is tabulated in the Table 1 and Table 2 for effective discussion of results. The results suggested that the combined use of SMS (straw management system) mounted combine harvester, happy seeder and decomposer provides the best way to manage paddy residue, thereby yielding good yields of succeeding wheat crop to the farmers.","PeriodicalId":44105,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44692902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lubna Rafique, Anila Adnan, Anam Taha, S. Bano, S. Vambol, Tahir Mushtaq, N. Ilyas, Shehnaz Hussain, L. Borysova, O. Kovalov
The reuse of treated domestic wastewater is an imperative source of water for numerous purposes. The treatment of municipal wastewater can be process by utilizing the technique for electrocoagulation. Electrocoagulation (EC) is an eco-friendly technique that combines the functions and advantages of conventional coagulation, flotation, and electrochemistry in water and wastewater treatment. The aim of present study was to assess the potential of electrocoagulation process in removing COD, BOD, TSS, turbidity, sulphate, nitrate, chloride and TDS from municipal wastewater. This experimental study was carried out at a batch system by using copper and aluminium electrodes aiming to treat the municipal wastewater at (0, 7, 14, and 21 volts, 50mamp for 60minutes) from Sample Baloch Colony (SBC), Sample Rind Goth (SRG), Sample Cattle Colony (SCC), Sample Pakistan Machine Tool Factory (SPMTF) and Sample Mehran Highway (SMH). The results revealed that the maximum removal efficiency of COD 96% for SPMTF, BOD 38.5% for SPMTF, TSS 98.14% for SMH, Turbidity 95.7% for SPMTF, Sulphate 95.9% for SRG, Nitrate 95.23% for SMH, Chloride 97.92% for SMH and TDS 96.9% for SRG at 21 volt. The present study suggested that the treated wastewater could be safely reuse for lawns, parks, tree plantation and recreation purpose.
{"title":"Application of copper and aluminium electrode in electro coagulation process for municipal wastewater treatment: A case study at Karachi","authors":"Lubna Rafique, Anila Adnan, Anam Taha, S. Bano, S. Vambol, Tahir Mushtaq, N. Ilyas, Shehnaz Hussain, L. Borysova, O. Kovalov","doi":"10.12775/eq.2023.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.008","url":null,"abstract":"The reuse of treated domestic wastewater is an imperative source of water for numerous purposes. The treatment of municipal wastewater can be process by utilizing the technique for electrocoagulation. Electrocoagulation (EC) is an eco-friendly technique that combines the functions and advantages of conventional coagulation, flotation, and electrochemistry in water and wastewater treatment. The aim of present study was to assess the potential of electrocoagulation process in removing COD, BOD, TSS, turbidity, sulphate, nitrate, chloride and TDS from municipal wastewater. This experimental study was carried out at a batch system by using copper and aluminium electrodes aiming to treat the municipal wastewater at (0, 7, 14, and 21 volts, 50mamp for 60minutes) from Sample Baloch Colony (SBC), Sample Rind Goth (SRG), Sample Cattle Colony (SCC), Sample Pakistan Machine Tool Factory (SPMTF) and Sample Mehran Highway (SMH). The results revealed that the maximum removal efficiency of COD 96% for SPMTF, BOD 38.5% for SPMTF, TSS 98.14% for SMH, Turbidity 95.7% for SPMTF, Sulphate 95.9% for SRG, Nitrate 95.23% for SMH, Chloride 97.92% for SMH and TDS 96.9% for SRG at 21 volt. The present study suggested that the treated wastewater could be safely reuse for lawns, parks, tree plantation and recreation purpose.","PeriodicalId":44105,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44280456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Vambol, Ramzan Soomro, S. Ghauri, A. Marri, Hoang Thi Thuy Dung, Nazish Manzoor, S. Bano, Sana Shahid, Asadullah, Ahmed Farooq, Yurii Lutsenko
The main object of the research was to assess the forecast values of the weather parameters by using three-time series methods such as Decomposition of time series, Autoregressive (AR) model with seasonal dummies and Autoregressive moving average (ARMA) /Autoregressive Integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. A recent phenomenon in weather changing has disturbed the world in general and Pakistan in particular. In Pakistan due to climate change, flood and heat stroke have taken many lives. Stationarity was measured through the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test; results showed that some variables are I(0) and some are I(1). The reliability of the forecast results was examined through the goodness of fit test. For finding the best fit model, the performance measures of various models: Root Mean Squire Error, Mean Absolute Error and Mean Absolute Percentage Error were considered. The model in which the above statistics are the minimum was chosen as the appropriate model. After model analysis and validation, it was observed that AR-model with seasonal dummies was found to be the best fit model between the three models. Meanwhile, the forecasting for the period Jan.2018 to Dec.2018 was made based on the best fit model. Given the future forecasting results, the temperature will be normal at selected stations. The wind and rainfall will also be present. Overall, it was suggested that the obtained findings of meteorological stations' weather might be normal for the coming few months over there, and no chance of heatstroke and flood might be expected. Future studies must be carried out to provide the awareness to well-being regarding ecological hazardous to minimize their economic loss through mass media.
{"title":"Viable forecasting monthly weather data using time series methods","authors":"S. Vambol, Ramzan Soomro, S. Ghauri, A. Marri, Hoang Thi Thuy Dung, Nazish Manzoor, S. Bano, Sana Shahid, Asadullah, Ahmed Farooq, Yurii Lutsenko","doi":"10.12775/eq.2023.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.003","url":null,"abstract":"The main object of the research was to assess the forecast values of the weather parameters by using three-time series methods such as Decomposition of time series, Autoregressive (AR) model with seasonal dummies and Autoregressive moving average (ARMA) /Autoregressive Integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. A recent phenomenon in weather changing has disturbed the world in general and Pakistan in particular. In Pakistan due to climate change, flood and heat stroke have taken many lives. Stationarity was measured through the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test; results showed that some variables are I(0) and some are I(1). The reliability of the forecast results was examined through the goodness of fit test. For finding the best fit model, the performance measures of various models: Root Mean Squire Error, Mean Absolute Error and Mean Absolute Percentage Error were considered. The model in which the above statistics are the minimum was chosen as the appropriate model. After model analysis and validation, it was observed that AR-model with seasonal dummies was found to be the best fit model between the three models. Meanwhile, the forecasting for the period Jan.2018 to Dec.2018 was made based on the best fit model. Given the future forecasting results, the temperature will be normal at selected stations. The wind and rainfall will also be present. Overall, it was suggested that the obtained findings of meteorological stations' weather might be normal for the coming few months over there, and no chance of heatstroke and flood might be expected. Future studies must be carried out to provide the awareness to well-being regarding ecological hazardous to minimize their economic loss through mass media.","PeriodicalId":44105,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47827896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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