R. El Morabet, R. A. Khan, Majed Alsubih, N. Khan, Mohammad Yusuf, P. Khan, A. Hrynzovskyi, Svitlana Каlashchenko, O. Lutsak
Middle eastern countries are among one of the highly water stressed region in the world. Which renders it highly susceptible to water borne diseases. Water borne diseases epidemiology in Middle eastern countries were investigated in this research to determine existing health security in Middle eastern countries. Recent conflicts in the region, deteriorating water supply and infrastructure has led to major outbreaks of diarrhoea and cholera in Syria, Iraq, and Yemen. The water borne disease investigated are; diarrhoea, cholera, hepatitis A, hepatitis E and typhoid to present an overall scenario in the region. Despite proper infrastructure and water supply, stability (social, political and economy) of each country is vital to contain and curb water borne diseases and its outbreak in Middle eastern countries. According to the research results, it can be assumed that there is a high need for an elaborate study to come up with a comprehensive plan to mitigate and control water borne diseases in Middle eastern countries in terms of present and future perspective.
{"title":"Epidemiology study of Diarrhoea, Cholera, Typhoid, Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E in Middle East and North Africa Region","authors":"R. El Morabet, R. A. Khan, Majed Alsubih, N. Khan, Mohammad Yusuf, P. Khan, A. Hrynzovskyi, Svitlana Каlashchenko, O. Lutsak","doi":"10.12775/eq.2023.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.044","url":null,"abstract":"Middle eastern countries are among one of the highly water stressed region in the world. Which renders it highly susceptible to water borne diseases. Water borne diseases epidemiology in Middle eastern countries were investigated in this research to determine existing health security in Middle eastern countries. Recent conflicts in the region, deteriorating water supply and infrastructure has led to major outbreaks of diarrhoea and cholera in Syria, Iraq, and Yemen. The water borne disease investigated are; diarrhoea, cholera, hepatitis A, hepatitis E and typhoid to present an overall scenario in the region. Despite proper infrastructure and water supply, stability (social, political and economy) of each country is vital to contain and curb water borne diseases and its outbreak in Middle eastern countries. According to the research results, it can be assumed that there is a high need for an elaborate study to come up with a comprehensive plan to mitigate and control water borne diseases in Middle eastern countries in terms of present and future perspective.","PeriodicalId":44105,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46177780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yasmeen Anis, Sheeba Afsar, A. Kausar, S. Yeremenko, Marium Zehra, Serhii Poteriaiko, O. Dzhulai
Malir River which is the major seasonal river of Karachi once supported the market gardening practiced in Karachi. Its valleys and plains, once comprises the cultivated lands of vegetables and fruits that fulfilled the local market demand. But with a shift in rainfall characteristics, the cultivation also started to recede slowly as many of the crops could not withstand the prolonged drought conditions and farmers were not ready to take the risks and hence abandoned cultivation. Hence, changing climate gives way to the industrialization of rapidly growing urban center which in turn inducing desertification. Since the cultivated land which is supplied with water also is helpful in evapo-transpiration leading to precipitation by taking part in the water cycle. But the whole process was disrupted by the abolition of agricultural activity in the area. The study gives a GIS (Geographical Information Sciences) perspective of Land Use/Land Cover of the southern part of Malir plain near its mouth – the Korangi and Landhi Area which were also the active flood plains of Malir during 1960s. Since the huge urbanization and population growth has led to water scarcity in the area due to the reduction of underground aquifers and the reduction of agriculture, high research efficiency can be achieved using satellite imagery and GIS.
{"title":"Impact of Urbanization on River Ecology – A GIS Technologies Perspective","authors":"Yasmeen Anis, Sheeba Afsar, A. Kausar, S. Yeremenko, Marium Zehra, Serhii Poteriaiko, O. Dzhulai","doi":"10.12775/eq.2023.047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.047","url":null,"abstract":"Malir River which is the major seasonal river of Karachi once supported the market gardening practiced in Karachi. Its valleys and plains, once comprises the cultivated lands of vegetables and fruits that fulfilled the local market demand. But with a shift in rainfall characteristics, the cultivation also started to recede slowly as many of the crops could not withstand the prolonged drought conditions and farmers were not ready to take the risks and hence abandoned cultivation. Hence, changing climate gives way to the industrialization of rapidly growing urban center which in turn inducing desertification. Since the cultivated land which is supplied with water also is helpful in evapo-transpiration leading to precipitation by taking part in the water cycle. But the whole process was disrupted by the abolition of agricultural activity in the area. The study gives a GIS (Geographical Information Sciences) perspective of Land Use/Land Cover of the southern part of Malir plain near its mouth – the Korangi and Landhi Area which were also the active flood plains of Malir during 1960s. Since the huge urbanization and population growth has led to water scarcity in the area due to the reduction of underground aquifers and the reduction of agriculture, high research efficiency can be achieved using satellite imagery and GIS.","PeriodicalId":44105,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47130656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Deswal, S. Rawat, S Kumar, Vikramaditya Sangwan
Chemical/synthetic coagulants are widely used to remove suspended solids and organic loads from water, but they pose several environmental and public health issues due to their chronic toxicity. The study evaluated the performance of these natural coagulants individually and in blended combinations with a synthetic coagulant, Alum, in terms of the percentage removal of turbidity, TSS, BOD, and COD after water treatment at optimum dosages. The blended use of all three coagulants in equal proportion showed the best performance (turbidity removal = 91.91%; TSS removal = 51.18%; BOD removal = 41.67%; and COD removal = 55.56%), but increased the pH of treated water from 7.10 to 7.95. The treatment cost analysis showed that Alum had the lowest treatment cost (Rs. 0.78 per 1,000 L); while the blended use of Moringa oleifera and Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) at the optimum dosage of 120 mg/L had the lowest cost (Rs. 31.20 per 1,000 L) among the natural coagulants. Despite higher cost of treatment, the use of natural coagulants in water and wastewater treatment provide sustainable solutions while reducing the negative impact of synthetic coagulants on the environment and public health.
{"title":"Potential of Moringa oleifera and Okra as Coagulants in Sustainable Treatment of Water and Wastewater","authors":"S. Deswal, S. Rawat, S Kumar, Vikramaditya Sangwan","doi":"10.12775/eq.2023.045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.045","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical/synthetic coagulants are widely used to remove suspended solids and organic loads from water, but they pose several environmental and public health issues due to their chronic toxicity. The study evaluated the performance of these natural coagulants individually and in blended combinations with a synthetic coagulant, Alum, in terms of the percentage removal of turbidity, TSS, BOD, and COD after water treatment at optimum dosages. The blended use of all three coagulants in equal proportion showed the best performance (turbidity removal = 91.91%; TSS removal = 51.18%; BOD removal = 41.67%; and COD removal = 55.56%), but increased the pH of treated water from 7.10 to 7.95. The treatment cost analysis showed that Alum had the lowest treatment cost (Rs. 0.78 per 1,000 L); while the blended use of Moringa oleifera and Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) at the optimum dosage of 120 mg/L had the lowest cost (Rs. 31.20 per 1,000 L) among the natural coagulants. Despite higher cost of treatment, the use of natural coagulants in water and wastewater treatment provide sustainable solutions while reducing the negative impact of synthetic coagulants on the environment and public health.","PeriodicalId":44105,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47822293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Global warming-induced drought stress and the duration of changes in soil moisture content may reshape or complicate these ecological relations. Biological activity could be affected severely by the impact of drought on agricultural ecosystems. In this study, 4 agricultural different soils were collected, and analyzed at each time gradient (0, 1, 2, 4, 8th week) to determine the physicochemical parameters, microbial abundance, enzyme activities (dehydrogenases (DH), phosphatases (acid ACP and alkaline ALP) and urease (UR)), and physiological diversity. We found that soil physicochemical properties fluctuated within the time gradient in all sites, but significantly decreased in total organic carbon, available phosphorus (P2O5 Olsena), nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+) (except for S site) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content (except for L site). Overall, ALP activity was higher compared to ACP activity. The DH activity was highest at sampling day (high moisture content) in G and N sites, and at 2nd week for L and S sites, but significantly decreased at the end of the experiment. The UR activity decreased significantly in G, L and N sites but increased in S site at the end of our experiment compared to the sampling day. Overall, the physiological diversity of the microbial community was strongly affected by water stress in the utilization of carbohydrates, carboxylic and acetic acids, amino acids, polymers, and amines, in all sites. Our findings highlighted that the short-term duration of drought stress had a significant influence on soil biological activity. This may improve the understanding of impact of soil moisture changes on soil nutrient cycling and biological activities in agricultural ecosystems.
{"title":"Effect of changes in soil moisture on agriculture soils: response of microbial community, enzymatic and physiological diversity","authors":"Kalisa Bogati, P. Sewerniak, M. Walczak","doi":"10.12775/eq.2023.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.043","url":null,"abstract":"Global warming-induced drought stress and the duration of changes in soil moisture content may reshape or complicate these ecological relations. Biological activity could be affected severely by the impact of drought on agricultural ecosystems. In this study, 4 agricultural different soils were collected, and analyzed at each time gradient (0, 1, 2, 4, 8th week) to determine the physicochemical parameters, microbial abundance, enzyme activities (dehydrogenases (DH), phosphatases (acid ACP and alkaline ALP) and urease (UR)), and physiological diversity. We found that soil physicochemical properties fluctuated within the time gradient in all sites, but significantly decreased in total organic carbon, available phosphorus (P2O5 Olsena), nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+) (except for S site) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content (except for L site). Overall, ALP activity was higher compared to ACP activity. The DH activity was highest at sampling day (high moisture content) in G and N sites, and at 2nd week for L and S sites, but significantly decreased at the end of the experiment. The UR activity decreased significantly in G, L and N sites but increased in S site at the end of our experiment compared to the sampling day. Overall, the physiological diversity of the microbial community was strongly affected by water stress in the utilization of carbohydrates, carboxylic and acetic acids, amino acids, polymers, and amines, in all sites. Our findings highlighted that the short-term duration of drought stress had a significant influence on soil biological activity. This may improve the understanding of impact of soil moisture changes on soil nutrient cycling and biological activities in agricultural ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":44105,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42294317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Henyk, V. Popovych, V. Zayachuk, O. Dyda, Nataliya Gociy, P. Bosak
Restoration of post-tech ecosystems of the Western region of Ukraine takes place both through natural self-overgrowth with vegetation and through the implementation of phytomeliorative measures - artificial afforestation of disturbed areas. These processes have been studied on post-technogenic territories of Kolomyia lignite and Yaziv sulfur deposits. Transformational processes in the study area are caused mainly by three factors: natural succession of vegetation (from the emergence of mosses and pioneering species of grasses and trees to the formation of stable plant communities); human economic activity (phytomeliorative measures for sowing grasses and creating forest crops) and cattle grazing (appearance of fruit tree species in phytocenoses). Transformational processes in edaphotopes are primarily determined by two factors - the natural succession of vegetation and erosion processes. Due to the long process of restoration of disturbed ecosystems in post-man-made areas, relatively complex and rich in species composition stable plant communities are gradually formed, which contribute to the formation of embriozems, identification of soil genetic horizons, increasing the thickness of the soil profile and approximating the physical and mechanical properties of the upper layers of the soil to the properties of natural zonal soils. The species composition and structure of vegetation in the post-technogenic territories of Kolomyia lignite and Yaziv sulfur deposits of the Western region of Ukraine have been determined. The study showed that the dendroflora of post-technological areas is represented by 59 species of tree plants.Changes in the components of phytocenoses and edaphotopes are presented and the factors of transformation processes in disturbed ecosystems are analyzed. Stages of natural succession of vegetation in post-technogenic territories of lignite and sulfur deposits have been established. Physico-chemical properties of the formed embriozems were analyzed and their comparative analysis with zonal soils was carried out. It is established that the processes of vegetation restoration and soil formation in post-technogenic territories cause the gradual formation of complex plant groups and relatively stable and stable natural ecosystems.
{"title":"Transformational processes in post-technogenic ecosystems of Kolomyia lignite and Yaziv sulfur deposits in Western Ukraine","authors":"Y. Henyk, V. Popovych, V. Zayachuk, O. Dyda, Nataliya Gociy, P. Bosak","doi":"10.12775/eq.2023.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.040","url":null,"abstract":"Restoration of post-tech ecosystems of the Western region of Ukraine takes place both through natural self-overgrowth with vegetation and through the implementation of phytomeliorative measures - artificial afforestation of disturbed areas. These processes have been studied on post-technogenic territories of Kolomyia lignite and Yaziv sulfur deposits. Transformational processes in the study area are caused mainly by three factors: natural succession of vegetation (from the emergence of mosses and pioneering species of grasses and trees to the formation of stable plant communities); human economic activity (phytomeliorative measures for sowing grasses and creating forest crops) and cattle grazing (appearance of fruit tree species in phytocenoses). Transformational processes in edaphotopes are primarily determined by two factors - the natural succession of vegetation and erosion processes. Due to the long process of restoration of disturbed ecosystems in post-man-made areas, relatively complex and rich in species composition stable plant communities are gradually formed, which contribute to the formation of embriozems, identification of soil genetic horizons, increasing the thickness of the soil profile and approximating the physical and mechanical properties of the upper layers of the soil to the properties of natural zonal soils. The species composition and structure of vegetation in the post-technogenic territories of Kolomyia lignite and Yaziv sulfur deposits of the Western region of Ukraine have been determined. The study showed that the dendroflora of post-technological areas is represented by 59 species of tree plants.Changes in the components of phytocenoses and edaphotopes are presented and the factors of transformation processes in disturbed ecosystems are analyzed. Stages of natural succession of vegetation in post-technogenic territories of lignite and sulfur deposits have been established. Physico-chemical properties of the formed embriozems were analyzed and their comparative analysis with zonal soils was carried out. It is established that the processes of vegetation restoration and soil formation in post-technogenic territories cause the gradual formation of complex plant groups and relatively stable and stable natural ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":44105,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43067885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a result of coal mining, a large number of waste rock dumps have been created on the earth's surface around the world. As a result of deflation and water erosion of the dump surface, extensive contamination of the soil cover of agricultural land with heavy metals occurs, threatening the food security of many countries. The article proposes a method for determining the area of potentially contaminated land in coal-mining regions. The area of such land in Ukraine has been estimated. A scheme for the dispersion of pollutants from waste dumps is proposed, which makes it possible to identify four types of polluted areas. Using the Google Earth service, the exact modern number of dumps in the Donetsk coal basin (Donbass) as a whole (1600) and separately in its western, central and eastern parts was determined. The average height, the average and total area of the base and surface, and the forest cover of the dumps in the Central Donbass were determined. It was found that the area of potentially contaminated land as a result of surface deflation of dumps in Central Donbass is 30,605 hectares. Taking into account the discharge of pollutants both from the surface of the dumps and from the deflationary pollution zone, the area of such land is 35,765 hectares. The mathematical modelling of the processes of pollutant removal by wind and deposition on the soil surface showed that it is possible to radically reduce the area of pollution by afforestation of waste dumps and, first of all, their flat tops.
{"title":"Ecological hazard, typology, morphometry and quantity of waste dumps of coal mines in Ukraine","authors":"A. Zubov, A. Zubov, L. Zubova","doi":"10.12775/eq.2023.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.042","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of coal mining, a large number of waste rock dumps have been created on the earth's surface around the world. As a result of deflation and water erosion of the dump surface, extensive contamination of the soil cover of agricultural land with heavy metals occurs, threatening the food security of many countries. The article proposes a method for determining the area of potentially contaminated land in coal-mining regions. The area of such land in Ukraine has been estimated. A scheme for the dispersion of pollutants from waste dumps is proposed, which makes it possible to identify four types of polluted areas. Using the Google Earth service, the exact modern number of dumps in the Donetsk coal basin (Donbass) as a whole (1600) and separately in its western, central and eastern parts was determined. The average height, the average and total area of the base and surface, and the forest cover of the dumps in the Central Donbass were determined. It was found that the area of potentially contaminated land as a result of surface deflation of dumps in Central Donbass is 30,605 hectares. Taking into account the discharge of pollutants both from the surface of the dumps and from the deflationary pollution zone, the area of such land is 35,765 hectares. The mathematical modelling of the processes of pollutant removal by wind and deposition on the soil surface showed that it is possible to radically reduce the area of pollution by afforestation of waste dumps and, first of all, their flat tops.","PeriodicalId":44105,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47567402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dwindling ground water level is one of the critical issues that plague India in the present times. This research study primarily has its basis in the secondary data, gathered from the Ministry of Water Resources. The main aim of the present research study is to highlight the issues related to ground water in various parts of India with the main focus on southern part of Haryana state. The spatial pattern of the ground water depth is studied using the secondary data from various sources. The water table depth and fluctuation maps in Arch GIS 9.3 are analysed by making use of geological analysis extension. The water elevation is examined by employing the Kriging estimator. Also, the different ways of prevention that can help in checking the quick dwindling of ground water table are discussed so that the sustainable use of ground water can be encouraged and achieved. It is observed that the menace of ground water depletion has posed alarming threat to the states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and some south Indian states. This is attributed mainly to the agricultural, industrial and human needs amidst the ever-rising rate of population in India. In the southern Haryana, the Mahendergarh district and Firozpur block of Mewat area have been identified as most critical zones in relation to water depletion. The study suggests judicious and sustainable use of water resources so as to check the alarming dwindling of the ground water table.
{"title":"Dwindling Ground Water Table: An Ecological Study of Southern Haryana","authors":"Vikramaditya Sangwan","doi":"10.12775/eq.2023.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.041","url":null,"abstract":"The dwindling ground water level is one of the critical issues that plague India in the present times. This research study primarily has its basis in the secondary data, gathered from the Ministry of Water Resources. The main aim of the present research study is to highlight the issues related to ground water in various parts of India with the main focus on southern part of Haryana state. The spatial pattern of the ground water depth is studied using the secondary data from various sources. The water table depth and fluctuation maps in Arch GIS 9.3 are analysed by making use of geological analysis extension. The water elevation is examined by employing the Kriging estimator. Also, the different ways of prevention that can help in checking the quick dwindling of ground water table are discussed so that the sustainable use of ground water can be encouraged and achieved. It is observed that the menace of ground water depletion has posed alarming threat to the states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and some south Indian states. This is attributed mainly to the agricultural, industrial and human needs amidst the ever-rising rate of population in India. In the southern Haryana, the Mahendergarh district and Firozpur block of Mewat area have been identified as most critical zones in relation to water depletion. The study suggests judicious and sustainable use of water resources so as to check the alarming dwindling of the ground water table.","PeriodicalId":44105,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43824737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiba Arif, A. Kausar, Ambreen Afzal, Samreen Riaz Ahmed, Sheeba Afsar, A. Lahori, S. Vambol, V. Vambol
The well-known fact is that parks play a significant role in sustaining the urban environment. Megacities like Karachi are developing rapidly with a simultaneous increase in the city area, putting immense pressure on open green spaces. The widespread built-up development is replacing the previously existing vegetative cover. The lack of green spaces is the main concern, and this problem will only worsen due to overpopulation associated with the rapid growth of cities. The lack of evidence-based planning contributes to the unbalanced spatial distribution of parks in quantity and quality. The present research aimed to compare and find out the quality and status of parks such as park areas under encroachment and temporal changes in the vegetative cover of parks in the predominantly low to middle-income residential areas of New Karachi and North Karachi Towns of Karachi metropolitan. Geospatial techniques have been used for mapping, assessments, and analyses. Results indicate that boundary walls are a good solution to stop or reduce park encroachments as correlation indicates the parks with boundary walls have a significantly lower percentage of encroachment in 2022. The existing work indicated that the number of trees has increased in most parks in both towns in 2022. The overall correlation results indicate that factors affecting park quality positively have a positive association with other positively affecting factors and a negative association with factors that affect park quality negatively. There is a dire need to implement better planning strategies to enhance the quality of existing parks and construct new parks in the study area.
{"title":"Geospatial techniques for comparative case study of spatiotemporal changes in New Karachi and North Karachi parks","authors":"Hiba Arif, A. Kausar, Ambreen Afzal, Samreen Riaz Ahmed, Sheeba Afsar, A. Lahori, S. Vambol, V. Vambol","doi":"10.12775/eq.2023.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.039","url":null,"abstract":"The well-known fact is that parks play a significant role in sustaining the urban environment. Megacities like Karachi are developing rapidly with a simultaneous increase in the city area, putting immense pressure on open green spaces. The widespread built-up development is replacing the previously existing vegetative cover. The lack of green spaces is the main concern, and this problem will only worsen due to overpopulation associated with the rapid growth of cities. The lack of evidence-based planning contributes to the unbalanced spatial distribution of parks in quantity and quality. The present research aimed to compare and find out the quality and status of parks such as park areas under encroachment and temporal changes in the vegetative cover of parks in the predominantly low to middle-income residential areas of New Karachi and North Karachi Towns of Karachi metropolitan. Geospatial techniques have been used for mapping, assessments, and analyses. Results indicate that boundary walls are a good solution to stop or reduce park encroachments as correlation indicates the parks with boundary walls have a significantly lower percentage of encroachment in 2022. The existing work indicated that the number of trees has increased in most parks in both towns in 2022. The overall correlation results indicate that factors affecting park quality positively have a positive association with other positively affecting factors and a negative association with factors that affect park quality negatively. There is a dire need to implement better planning strategies to enhance the quality of existing parks and construct new parks in the study area.","PeriodicalId":44105,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48946106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Pysarenko, Maryna Samojlik, M. Galytskaya, Yuriy Tsova, I. Mostoviak
The peculiarities of the formation and functioning of the microbial coenosis of podzolized chernozem soil and the intensity of soil-biological processes when using probiotic preparations in different concentrations containing Bacillus subtilis were studied. Probiotic preparations were applied to the soil in different concentrations and doses in separate areas, and the viability of the soil microbial coenosis of agricultural land was assessed in the spring and autumn periods on the 15th and 30th days after the application of the mixtures. The soil without any substances was considered a control option. The analysis of the coefficients of mineralization - immobilization, oligotrophicity and pedotrophicity determined that the use of probiotics helps to increase the content of nutrients in the soil for various ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms, showed that the best result for the functioning of the microbial coenosis of podzolic chernozem soil is observed when using a probiotic in a dilution of 1:10 in a dose of 100 l ha-1. Thus, the use of probiotics in a dilution of 1:10 at a dose of 100 l ha-1 can be used as an environmentally friendly fertilizer in organic farming, which will improve the biological parameters of the soil
{"title":"Influence of Bacillus subtilis on soil microbiocenosis","authors":"P. Pysarenko, Maryna Samojlik, M. Galytskaya, Yuriy Tsova, I. Mostoviak","doi":"10.12775/eq.2023.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.038","url":null,"abstract":"The peculiarities of the formation and functioning of the microbial coenosis of podzolized chernozem soil and the intensity of soil-biological processes when using probiotic preparations in different concentrations containing Bacillus subtilis were studied.\u0000Probiotic preparations were applied to the soil in different concentrations and doses in separate areas, and the viability of the soil microbial coenosis of agricultural land was assessed in the spring and autumn periods on the 15th and 30th days after the application of the mixtures. The soil without any substances was considered a control option.\u0000The analysis of the coefficients of mineralization - immobilization, oligotrophicity and pedotrophicity determined that the use of probiotics helps to increase the content of nutrients in the soil for various ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms, showed that the best result for the functioning of the microbial coenosis of podzolic chernozem soil is observed when using a probiotic in a dilution of 1:10 in a dose of 100 l ha-1. Thus, the use of probiotics in a dilution of 1:10 at a dose of 100 l ha-1 can be used as an environmentally friendly fertilizer in organic farming, which will improve the biological parameters of the soil","PeriodicalId":44105,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49115493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Fudali, M. Podlaska, A. Koszelnik-Leszek, Mariusz Szymanowski
One of the necessary conditions for sustainable development is maintaining and developing environmental resources. The paper presents and discusses the idea that the field woods in the cities’ agricultural periphery, understood as habitats and not only a collection of trees, should be preserved and managed as a formal element of urban green infrastructure (GI). According to the authors, they should be seen as a great connecting element between urban green and the semi-natural areas outside. Even assuming the future land use transformation, it is worth preserving them from degradation just now. They play a role in protecting natural resources and the functions of ecosystems, expected from elements of GI, as they are a source of dispersion of various species of plants and animals benefit both for agricultural areas located further and for greenery in built-up areas. Using the authors’ own research on the farmland area situated within Wrocław administrative borders, and available literature, the following issues were considered: 1) the geographic and topographic characteristics of field woods, 2) evaluation of the role of field woods studied for the local biodiversity, 3) the risk factors for the degradation or disappearance of field woods and their biodiversity, 4) the legal regulations concerning the protection of field woods in Poland. Some legal and practical solutions are suggested.
{"title":"Open questions about the farmlands’ biodiversity preservation in the cities’ peripheries – a Wrocław case (Poland)","authors":"E. Fudali, M. Podlaska, A. Koszelnik-Leszek, Mariusz Szymanowski","doi":"10.12775/eq.2023.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.027","url":null,"abstract":"One of the necessary conditions for sustainable development is maintaining and developing environmental resources. The paper presents and discusses the idea that the field woods in the cities’ agricultural periphery, understood as habitats and not only a collection of trees, should be preserved and managed as a formal element of urban green infrastructure (GI). According to the authors, they should be seen as a great connecting element between urban green and the semi-natural areas outside. Even assuming the future land use transformation, it is worth preserving them from degradation just now. They play a role in protecting natural resources and the functions of ecosystems, expected from elements of GI, as they are a source of dispersion of various species of plants and animals benefit both for agricultural areas located further and for greenery in built-up areas. Using the authors’ own research on the farmland area situated within Wrocław administrative borders, and available literature, the following issues were considered: 1) the geographic and topographic characteristics of field woods, 2) evaluation of the role of field woods studied for the local biodiversity, 3) the risk factors for the degradation or disappearance of field woods and their biodiversity, 4) the legal regulations concerning the protection of field woods in Poland. Some legal and practical solutions are suggested.","PeriodicalId":44105,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Questions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41972893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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