Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.1080/14788810.2023.2240011
Alexandra Clayton
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Pub Date : 2023-08-02DOI: 10.1080/14788810.2023.2235204
Adrienne Ronee Washington
ABSTRACTThis study investigates Circum-Atlantic linguistic flows as language change and variation among the “n-words.” Language users do not experience this set of expressions identically. The words include a racial slur as well as expressions that vary in meaning and use. Applying Spears's discussion of semantic neutralization in tandem with Eckert's indexical field model, this research analyzes ethnographic community data from Pittsburgh AAL and online sources to elucidate the competing and dynamic meanings that have developed amidst the shifting realities of the Circum-Atlantic. The study highlights a way to account for multiple layers of interpretation and experience and to encompass the fluidity, mutability, and mobility of n-word meanings within and across linguistic, ethnoracial, and geopolitical boundaries without reductivity. The research clarifies how linguistic competences, lived experiences, and culturally grounded pragmatic and metapragmatic understandings (in)form potential meanings. It, moreover, demonstrates how AAL patterns and cultural models unsettle hegemonic racial and linguistic ideologies.KEYWORDS: African American LanguageBlack LanguagecounterlanguageFlippin the scriptraciolinguistic ideology AcknowledgementsI am eternally grateful to my father, James Woodrow Washington, for teaching me so much about our history, for recounting his experiences, and for offering his wisdom regarding the n-words for the present paper. I would like to express my gratitude to the research participants for sincerely sharing their experiences and entrusting me with their stories. Thanks also to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable recommendations that helped improve the manuscript.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Silverstein, “Shifters,” 14, 17.2 Milroy, “Britain and the United States”; Lippi-Green, English with an Accent; Flores and Rosa, “Undoing Appropriateness”; and Young, Your Average Nigga.3 For further discussion, see Baugh, Out of the Mouths of Slaves; Lanehart, ed., The Oxford Handbook; Mitchell-Kernan, “Signifying and Marking”; Morgan, “The African American Speech Community”; Morgan, “The Africanness of Counterlanguage”; Rahman, “The N Word”; Spears, “African-American Language Use”; Washington, “Bad Words Gone Good”; and Washington, “‘Reclaiming My Time.’”4 For further discussion of spelling ideologies and “flippin the script,” see Alim, Roc the Mic Right; Morgan, “‘Nuthin’ But a G Thang’”; Olivo, “Phat Lines”; Smalls, “Flipping the Script”; and Smitherman, “The Chain Remain the Same.”5 Eckert, “Variation and the Indexical Field”; Spears, “African-American Language Use”.6 Hill, The Everyday Language of White Racism, 38.7 For further discussion, see Davis and Smalls, “Dis/Possession Afoot”; García Peña, “Community as Rebellion”; Meek, “Racing Indian Language”; and Washington and Robinson, “De-Pathologizing Diversity.”8 Calhoun et al., “Attracting Black Students to Linguisti
摘要本研究考察了环大西洋地区的语言流动，即“n词”之间的语言变化和变异。语言使用者对这组表达式的体验不尽相同。这些词包括种族歧视，以及在意义和用法上各不相同的表达。运用斯皮尔斯关于语义中和的讨论以及Eckert的索引场模型，本研究分析了来自匹兹堡AAL和在线资源的民族志社区数据，以阐明在环大西洋不断变化的现实中发展起来的竞争和动态意义。该研究强调了一种解释多层解释和经验的方法，并在没有简化的情况下，在语言、种族和地缘政治边界内和跨语言边界内涵盖n词含义的流动性、可变性和流动性。该研究阐明了语言能力、生活经验和基于文化的语用和元语用理解是如何形成潜在意义的。此外，它还展示了AAL模式和文化模式如何动摇霸权的种族和语言意识形态。我永远感谢我的父亲詹姆斯·伍德罗·华盛顿，他教会了我很多关于美国历史的知识，向我讲述了他的经历，并为本文的写作提供了他的智慧。我要感谢研究参与者真诚地分享他们的经历，并把他们的故事托付给我。同时感谢匿名审稿人的宝贵建议，帮助改进了本文。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。注1西尔弗斯坦，《移位者》，14,17.2米罗伊，《英国与美国》;里皮-格林，带口音的英语;弗洛雷斯和罗莎，“撤销适当性”;《杨，你的普通黑人》(Young, Your Average negro)。3欲知详情，请参见《从奴隶之口出来》(Baugh, from the mouth of Slaves);Lanehart主编，《牛津手册》;Mitchell-Kernan，“符号与标记”;摩根，“非裔美国人语言社区”;摩根:《反语言的非洲性》;拉赫曼，《N字》;斯皮尔斯，“非裔美国人语言使用”;华盛顿，《恶言变善》;华盛顿，“重新夺回我的时间”。有关拼写意识形态和“翻转脚本”的进一步讨论，请参见Alim, Roc the Mic Right;Morgan，“除了G的东西什么都没有”;奥利沃，“Phat Lines”;小的，“翻转脚本”;史密瑟曼，“链条保持不变。”5 Eckert，《变异与索引场》;斯皮尔斯，《非裔美国人语言用法》希尔，《白人种族主义的日常语言》，38.7关于进一步的讨论，见戴维斯和斯莫斯，《正在进行的疾病/占有》;García Peña，“反叛的社区”;Meek，“赛跑的印度语言”;以及华盛顿和罗宾逊的《去病态化多样性》。8 Calhoun et al.，“吸引黑人学生学习语言学”，16.9进一步讨论见Britt and Weldon，“非裔美国人英语”;以及摩根的《间接与解释》。10有关进一步讨论，请参见斯皮尔斯的《非裔美国人语言用法》。“11关于黑人语言、AAWL和AAL的进一步描述，见Green, African American English;miles-hercules，“一种互相提升的方式”;非裔美国人白话英语;斯科特，《跨越文化边界》;以及Troutman的《文化语调的小名》。12 Cosby and Poussaint, Come on, People, 145.13举个例子，参见Henderson，“什么是Slur?””53个;阿利姆和史密瑟曼，《黑人的口齿伶牙俐齿》，112.14《‘N’字被埋葬》。“华盛顿15分钟”，在请愿书上签名。《16个斯皮尔斯》，非裔美国人语言用法。17 Souto-Manning和Yoon，《反思早期文学》，39.18 Young，《禁止校园里的n字》。“华盛顿19号”，圣马科斯的母亲提出申诉。20阿利姆和史密瑟曼，《黑人口齿伶俐》;Asim, The N Word;克鲁姆，“如何处理诽谤”;格罗根，《n字》;亨德森:“诽谤中包含什么?”肯尼迪,黑鬼;帕克斯和琼斯，《黑鬼》;拉赫曼，《N字》;史密瑟曼:《谈话与作证》;史密瑟曼，“链条保持不变”;斯皮尔斯，“非裔美国人语言使用”;长矛,“观点”;华盛顿的《恶言变善》。21 Grieser，《走向理解n字》;Jones and Hall，《语法再分析》;O 'Dea and Saucier，《对种族歧视的认知》;史密斯，“黑鬼被挪用了吗?”22见《华盛顿》，《恶言变善》。23岁的斯皮尔斯，《非裔美国人语言使用》，230分;参见斯皮尔斯的《观点》。《24小时斯皮尔斯》、《非裔美国人语言使用》、《232.25西尔弗斯坦》、《索引顺序》;例如，参见埃克特的《意义和语言变异》;Johnstone and Kiesling，《索引性与经验》比顿与华盛顿26号，《诽谤与索引场》。27 Silverstein，《索引顺序》。" 28约翰斯通，" /aw/ Goes Dahntahn， " 19.29约翰斯通和基斯林，"索引性和经验。 ”97亨德森，“诽谤有什么意义?”参见华盛顿的《恶言变善》。98关于进一步的讨论，见史密瑟曼的《链条保持不变》;华盛顿，《恶言变善》;华盛顿，“重新夺回我的时间”。[99]柯克兰，《黑人男性语言》，835-836.100 .关于黑人在AAL使用者中作为委婉语的讨论，见阿利姆和史密瑟曼，《黑人的口齿清晰》，113页。本研究得到了美国大学妇女协会(AAUW) 2021-2022研究出版基金的支持。作者简介:adrienne Ronee Washington是一位跨学科学者和社会文化语言学家。她研究非洲侨民的语言、权力、文化、种族、性别和宗教身份之间的联系，特别关注美国东部和巴西东北部。华盛顿在匹兹堡大学获得语言学硕士和博士学位、非洲研究博士证书、拉丁美洲和加勒比研究高级研究证书，并在汉普顿大学获得西班牙语学士学位。她是美国大学妇女协会(AAUW) 2021-2022年研究出版补助金的获得者。
{"title":"Semantic and semiotic flows: Examining variations and changes of “the N-Words” within an indexical field of dynamic meanings","authors":"Adrienne Ronee Washington","doi":"10.1080/14788810.2023.2235204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14788810.2023.2235204","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis study investigates Circum-Atlantic linguistic flows as language change and variation among the “n-words.” Language users do not experience this set of expressions identically. The words include a racial slur as well as expressions that vary in meaning and use. Applying Spears's discussion of semantic neutralization in tandem with Eckert's indexical field model, this research analyzes ethnographic community data from Pittsburgh AAL and online sources to elucidate the competing and dynamic meanings that have developed amidst the shifting realities of the Circum-Atlantic. The study highlights a way to account for multiple layers of interpretation and experience and to encompass the fluidity, mutability, and mobility of n-word meanings within and across linguistic, ethnoracial, and geopolitical boundaries without reductivity. The research clarifies how linguistic competences, lived experiences, and culturally grounded pragmatic and metapragmatic understandings (in)form potential meanings. It, moreover, demonstrates how AAL patterns and cultural models unsettle hegemonic racial and linguistic ideologies.KEYWORDS: African American LanguageBlack LanguagecounterlanguageFlippin the scriptraciolinguistic ideology AcknowledgementsI am eternally grateful to my father, James Woodrow Washington, for teaching me so much about our history, for recounting his experiences, and for offering his wisdom regarding the n-words for the present paper. I would like to express my gratitude to the research participants for sincerely sharing their experiences and entrusting me with their stories. Thanks also to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable recommendations that helped improve the manuscript.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Silverstein, “Shifters,” 14, 17.2 Milroy, “Britain and the United States”; Lippi-Green, English with an Accent; Flores and Rosa, “Undoing Appropriateness”; and Young, Your Average Nigga.3 For further discussion, see Baugh, Out of the Mouths of Slaves; Lanehart, ed., The Oxford Handbook; Mitchell-Kernan, “Signifying and Marking”; Morgan, “The African American Speech Community”; Morgan, “The Africanness of Counterlanguage”; Rahman, “The N Word”; Spears, “African-American Language Use”; Washington, “Bad Words Gone Good”; and Washington, “‘Reclaiming My Time.’”4 For further discussion of spelling ideologies and “flippin the script,” see Alim, Roc the Mic Right; Morgan, “‘Nuthin’ But a G Thang’”; Olivo, “Phat Lines”; Smalls, “Flipping the Script”; and Smitherman, “The Chain Remain the Same.”5 Eckert, “Variation and the Indexical Field”; Spears, “African-American Language Use”.6 Hill, The Everyday Language of White Racism, 38.7 For further discussion, see Davis and Smalls, “Dis/Possession Afoot”; García Peña, “Community as Rebellion”; Meek, “Racing Indian Language”; and Washington and Robinson, “De-Pathologizing Diversity.”8 Calhoun et al., “Attracting Black Students to Linguisti","PeriodicalId":44108,"journal":{"name":"Atlantic Studies-Global Currents","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135016032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-24DOI: 10.1080/14788810.2023.2235194
William Q. Boelhower
{"title":"Decolonization, diversity and accountability: The role of museums in democracies of the global north","authors":"William Q. Boelhower","doi":"10.1080/14788810.2023.2235194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14788810.2023.2235194","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44108,"journal":{"name":"Atlantic Studies-Global Currents","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44020686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.1080/14788810.2023.2233865
Katherine L. McCullough
{"title":"The Glengarry Cairn and Highland loyalism in the British Atlantic world","authors":"Katherine L. McCullough","doi":"10.1080/14788810.2023.2233865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14788810.2023.2233865","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44108,"journal":{"name":"Atlantic Studies-Global Currents","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48682252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.1080/14788810.2023.2223504
Louise Swaffer
{"title":"Women’s Protestant foreign mission work and settler state formation in Canada: A re-examination of the Scottish diaspora","authors":"Louise Swaffer","doi":"10.1080/14788810.2023.2223504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14788810.2023.2223504","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44108,"journal":{"name":"Atlantic Studies-Global Currents","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44128305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-12DOI: 10.1080/14788810.2023.2205977
Jeffrey A. Erbig
{"title":"Afterlives in captivity: Indigeneity and penal deportation in southeastern South America","authors":"Jeffrey A. Erbig","doi":"10.1080/14788810.2023.2205977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14788810.2023.2205977","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44108,"journal":{"name":"Atlantic Studies-Global Currents","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45993083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-19DOI: 10.1080/14788810.2023.2211506
Miriam Franchina
{"title":"Beyond the (Holy) Shroud: A glimpse into Afro-Catholicism during the Haitian Revolution","authors":"Miriam Franchina","doi":"10.1080/14788810.2023.2211506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14788810.2023.2211506","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44108,"journal":{"name":"Atlantic Studies-Global Currents","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46155949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.1080/14788810.2023.2202138
Nancy E. van Deusen
{"title":"Indigenous war captives and mobility-oriented punishments: An Atlantic-Mediterranean world perspective","authors":"Nancy E. van Deusen","doi":"10.1080/14788810.2023.2202138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14788810.2023.2202138","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44108,"journal":{"name":"Atlantic Studies-Global Currents","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47260290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.1080/14788810.2023.2188045
Cameron B. Strang
{"title":"“Presumtious enough to tell us that it is a fine country”: Competing visions during the Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Creek exploring expedition of 1828","authors":"Cameron B. Strang","doi":"10.1080/14788810.2023.2188045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14788810.2023.2188045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44108,"journal":{"name":"Atlantic Studies-Global Currents","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45636378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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