Pub Date : 2022-02-17DOI: 10.1080/14788810.2022.2034570
L. H. Roper
ABSTRACT This article argues that trafficking in enslaved Africans and Natives constituted a chief element in English overseas colonization and was a primary component of English overseas trade from the mid-1610s. The managers of this commerce seamlessly translated Atlantic slavery into the Anglophone world decades before the establishment of the Royal African Company in 1672. Accordingly, there was never a transition in planter labor preferences from indentured servitude to slavery. Only access to supplies of enslaved Africans determined the number of Africans in Anglo-America while the act of trafficking in human beings automatically relegated those enslaved to inferior status.
{"title":"Reorienting the “origins debate”: Anglo-American trafficking in enslaved people, c. 1615–1660","authors":"L. H. Roper","doi":"10.1080/14788810.2022.2034570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14788810.2022.2034570","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article argues that trafficking in enslaved Africans and Natives constituted a chief element in English overseas colonization and was a primary component of English overseas trade from the mid-1610s. The managers of this commerce seamlessly translated Atlantic slavery into the Anglophone world decades before the establishment of the Royal African Company in 1672. Accordingly, there was never a transition in planter labor preferences from indentured servitude to slavery. Only access to supplies of enslaved Africans determined the number of Africans in Anglo-America while the act of trafficking in human beings automatically relegated those enslaved to inferior status.","PeriodicalId":44108,"journal":{"name":"Atlantic Studies-Global Currents","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43275655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-17DOI: 10.1080/14788810.2022.2040269
E. M. Schmidt
ABSTRACT Using the 1758–1794 diary of James Pinnock, an Anglo-Jamaican lawyer, we can examine the Pinnock houseful: himself, his wife and daughters, enslaved domestic servants, and enslaved plantation laborers. I argue that the Atlantic World offered unique opportunities for physical, social, and occupational mobility of both white AND black members of the colonial houseful. James had privileged mobility via his race and profession, evidenced in his movements between the colony and metropole, and eventually his Grand Tour of France and Italy. For some of Pinnock’s slaves, skilled occupations granted some physical mobility, and they deployed that mobility into opportunities for escape. But for domestic slaves, physical mobility was a curse as they were repeatedly forced by James and his family on voyages around the Atlantic World. Yet even in this forced movement escape was possible, and Europe offered at least one man a unique chance at freedom.
{"title":"The unsettled Atlantic World of James Pinnock: The dynamics of race and class on the physical, social, and occupation mobilities of an eighteenth-century Jamaican houseful","authors":"E. M. Schmidt","doi":"10.1080/14788810.2022.2040269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14788810.2022.2040269","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Using the 1758–1794 diary of James Pinnock, an Anglo-Jamaican lawyer, we can examine the Pinnock houseful: himself, his wife and daughters, enslaved domestic servants, and enslaved plantation laborers. I argue that the Atlantic World offered unique opportunities for physical, social, and occupational mobility of both white AND black members of the colonial houseful. James had privileged mobility via his race and profession, evidenced in his movements between the colony and metropole, and eventually his Grand Tour of France and Italy. For some of Pinnock’s slaves, skilled occupations granted some physical mobility, and they deployed that mobility into opportunities for escape. But for domestic slaves, physical mobility was a curse as they were repeatedly forced by James and his family on voyages around the Atlantic World. Yet even in this forced movement escape was possible, and Europe offered at least one man a unique chance at freedom.","PeriodicalId":44108,"journal":{"name":"Atlantic Studies-Global Currents","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45513937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-26DOI: 10.1080/14788810.2022.2028544
Doron Eldar
ABSTRACT Following the removal of various monuments commemorating colonial figures, this paper introduces the Empty Plinth as epitomizing postcolonial Europe’s identity crisis. As Europe negotiates new discursive foundations for an increasingly multicultural society, this paper argues for a re-membering of Europe through a materialization of Black narratives in the European memoryscape for their potential to: 1) tackle white ignorance and exclusionary nativism by uncovering Europe’s contingency upon other(ed) geographies, 2) contribute to creating/fostering a Black sense of place in European cities, and 3) addressing Europe’s identity crisis and lay new conceptual foundations for a hybrid and inclusive “Europe.”
{"title":"Re:membering Europe – the empty pedestal and the space for Black belonging","authors":"Doron Eldar","doi":"10.1080/14788810.2022.2028544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14788810.2022.2028544","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Following the removal of various monuments commemorating colonial figures, this paper introduces the Empty Plinth as epitomizing postcolonial Europe’s identity crisis. As Europe negotiates new discursive foundations for an increasingly multicultural society, this paper argues for a re-membering of Europe through a materialization of Black narratives in the European memoryscape for their potential to: 1) tackle white ignorance and exclusionary nativism by uncovering Europe’s contingency upon other(ed) geographies, 2) contribute to creating/fostering a Black sense of place in European cities, and 3) addressing Europe’s identity crisis and lay new conceptual foundations for a hybrid and inclusive “Europe.”","PeriodicalId":44108,"journal":{"name":"Atlantic Studies-Global Currents","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42564928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-07DOI: 10.1080/14788810.2021.2002603
Wendy Muñiz
ABSTRACT This article examines Dominican criollo archive-building during the country’s Second Republic (1865–1916). I investigate the 1889 Historical Controversy, a prolonged dispute over the role general Pedro Santana would play in the national mythology, calling attention to the elite’s nineteenth-century debates over the meaning of emancipation records and the political value of archive-making. Building on Chelsea Stieber’s research on post-independence Haitian writing, I contrast what I call the controversy’s “archival wars” to the lives of Rosa Duarte’s archive in 1890s periodical culture. I focus on the figure of Federico Henríquez y Carvajal to demonstrate how, after the historical controversy, among criollo intellectuals the normalists routinely collected emancipation records in the press to institutionalize white supremacist nationalist narratives. The two cases reveal how criollo intellectuals pursued Ibero-Americanism on the basis of “fact,” thereby opening studies on Caribbean nationalisms to inquiries into elite archival recoveries.
{"title":"Criollo archival recoveries after independence","authors":"Wendy Muñiz","doi":"10.1080/14788810.2021.2002603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14788810.2021.2002603","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines Dominican criollo archive-building during the country’s Second Republic (1865–1916). I investigate the 1889 Historical Controversy, a prolonged dispute over the role general Pedro Santana would play in the national mythology, calling attention to the elite’s nineteenth-century debates over the meaning of emancipation records and the political value of archive-making. Building on Chelsea Stieber’s research on post-independence Haitian writing, I contrast what I call the controversy’s “archival wars” to the lives of Rosa Duarte’s archive in 1890s periodical culture. I focus on the figure of Federico Henríquez y Carvajal to demonstrate how, after the historical controversy, among criollo intellectuals the normalists routinely collected emancipation records in the press to institutionalize white supremacist nationalist narratives. The two cases reveal how criollo intellectuals pursued Ibero-Americanism on the basis of “fact,” thereby opening studies on Caribbean nationalisms to inquiries into elite archival recoveries.","PeriodicalId":44108,"journal":{"name":"Atlantic Studies-Global Currents","volume":"20 1","pages":"177 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49601829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-18DOI: 10.1080/14788810.2021.2003152
Daniel T. McClurkin
ABSTRACT This article traces the rhetorical transformation from the Irish as an exemplum to the Irish as a historically situated demographic in U.S. abolitionist writings from the early to mid-nineteenth century. Through close readings of polemical essays, speeches, and newspaper articles, I argue that abolitionist writers such as David Walker, Samuel Cornish, Gerrit Smith, and Frederick Douglass begin to transition away from conceiving of the exploitation of Irish workers as a fraught, though generative comparative case to chattel slavery once a new demographic of native Irish Catholic emigrants are interpellated into the emergent category of “white labor.” The Irish are thus initially used by abolitionist writers to contrast chattel slavery with other forms of labor exploitation under capitalism until the political utility of those comparisons began to wane as the Irish-American laborer proved socially and conceptionally antagonistic to free and enslaved black laborers.
{"title":"A Parallel case?: The Irish in abolitionist thought and the emergence of white labor in the United States","authors":"Daniel T. McClurkin","doi":"10.1080/14788810.2021.2003152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14788810.2021.2003152","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article traces the rhetorical transformation from the Irish as an exemplum to the Irish as a historically situated demographic in U.S. abolitionist writings from the early to mid-nineteenth century. Through close readings of polemical essays, speeches, and newspaper articles, I argue that abolitionist writers such as David Walker, Samuel Cornish, Gerrit Smith, and Frederick Douglass begin to transition away from conceiving of the exploitation of Irish workers as a fraught, though generative comparative case to chattel slavery once a new demographic of native Irish Catholic emigrants are interpellated into the emergent category of “white labor.” The Irish are thus initially used by abolitionist writers to contrast chattel slavery with other forms of labor exploitation under capitalism until the political utility of those comparisons began to wane as the Irish-American laborer proved socially and conceptionally antagonistic to free and enslaved black laborers.","PeriodicalId":44108,"journal":{"name":"Atlantic Studies-Global Currents","volume":"20 1","pages":"134 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48005736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-10DOI: 10.1080/14788810.2021.2000835
T. Mota
ABSTRACT This paper explains the Islamic expansion in Greater Senegambia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries from an Atlantic perspective. It discusses the spread of the Islamic faith in West Africa and its diasporic continuities in Portugal and the New Kingdom of Granada (present-day Colombia) based on African oral traditions, scholarship from Africa and the Americas, chronicles, letters, and reports by European missionaries, travelers, traders, bureaucrats, and Inquisitorial and canonical prosecutions. The Islamic concept of da’wa, I argue, enabled Islamic preachers to reach out to a wide range of Senegambians before the Muslim revolutions. This expansion can be seen in the diaspora, primarily Wolof, and in the restraints imposed by African Muslims on Christian missionaries in Africa and the Americas. The knowledge produced in qur’anic schools was essential to Islamic social expansion, the preservation of Islamic belief in the diaspora, and the political orchestration that led to the jihads.
{"title":"Wolof and Mandinga Muslims in the early Atlantic World: African background, missionary disputes, and social expansion of Islam before the Fula jihads","authors":"T. Mota","doi":"10.1080/14788810.2021.2000835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14788810.2021.2000835","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper explains the Islamic expansion in Greater Senegambia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries from an Atlantic perspective. It discusses the spread of the Islamic faith in West Africa and its diasporic continuities in Portugal and the New Kingdom of Granada (present-day Colombia) based on African oral traditions, scholarship from Africa and the Americas, chronicles, letters, and reports by European missionaries, travelers, traders, bureaucrats, and Inquisitorial and canonical prosecutions. The Islamic concept of da’wa, I argue, enabled Islamic preachers to reach out to a wide range of Senegambians before the Muslim revolutions. This expansion can be seen in the diaspora, primarily Wolof, and in the restraints imposed by African Muslims on Christian missionaries in Africa and the Americas. The knowledge produced in qur’anic schools was essential to Islamic social expansion, the preservation of Islamic belief in the diaspora, and the political orchestration that led to the jihads.","PeriodicalId":44108,"journal":{"name":"Atlantic Studies-Global Currents","volume":"20 1","pages":"150 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45167225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-27DOI: 10.1080/14788810.2020.1870400
I. Osagie
ABSTRACT Nigerian playwright Femi Euba utilizes the Yoruba trickster tale in his one-act play Tortoise! to satirize the imprisonment of Wole Soyinka during the Nigerian civil war of the 1960s. This essay draws parallels between Euba’s play and Soyinka’s play, The Detainee, which critiques the imprisonment of Chief Obafemi Awolowo by the Nigerian federal government a few years before Soyinka himself fell victim to the same alleged crime of treason. This essay argues that Euba’s use of the trickster tale as a logical genre in theater is grounded in the communal space of Yoruba belief systems that encourage a collective response to social and political crises. The essay also traces modernity’s fraught challenges in the guise of neo-colonial structures, such as the prison system, and the ways in which traditional modes of story-telling become avenues for apprehending, addressing, and contesting global forces at work through the legacies of colonialism.
{"title":"The Man Died: Wole Soyinka’s imprisonment and the Yoruba trickster tale in Femi Euba’s Tortoise!","authors":"I. Osagie","doi":"10.1080/14788810.2020.1870400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14788810.2020.1870400","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nigerian playwright Femi Euba utilizes the Yoruba trickster tale in his one-act play Tortoise! to satirize the imprisonment of Wole Soyinka during the Nigerian civil war of the 1960s. This essay draws parallels between Euba’s play and Soyinka’s play, The Detainee, which critiques the imprisonment of Chief Obafemi Awolowo by the Nigerian federal government a few years before Soyinka himself fell victim to the same alleged crime of treason. This essay argues that Euba’s use of the trickster tale as a logical genre in theater is grounded in the communal space of Yoruba belief systems that encourage a collective response to social and political crises. The essay also traces modernity’s fraught challenges in the guise of neo-colonial structures, such as the prison system, and the ways in which traditional modes of story-telling become avenues for apprehending, addressing, and contesting global forces at work through the legacies of colonialism.","PeriodicalId":44108,"journal":{"name":"Atlantic Studies-Global Currents","volume":"19 1","pages":"499 - 512"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48540091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-27DOI: 10.1080/14788810.2021.1908082
Agnès Dengreville
ABSTRACT This essay considers the significance of camwood, a West-African tree, in the work of a Nigerian American writer, Femi Euba. By reviewing the symbolic association of the vegetal trope, the essay explores camwood as a hermeneutical tool to reflect upon Black fate and Black identities in the Atlantic world.
{"title":"Camwood: African and African American identities at the crossroads","authors":"Agnès Dengreville","doi":"10.1080/14788810.2021.1908082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14788810.2021.1908082","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This essay considers the significance of camwood, a West-African tree, in the work of a Nigerian American writer, Femi Euba. By reviewing the symbolic association of the vegetal trope, the essay explores camwood as a hermeneutical tool to reflect upon Black fate and Black identities in the Atlantic world.","PeriodicalId":44108,"journal":{"name":"Atlantic Studies-Global Currents","volume":"19 1","pages":"566 - 583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48324034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-27DOI: 10.1080/14788810.2021.1949928
Biodun Jeyifo
ABSTRACT This study returns to the issue in world theatre scholarship of the boundary between theatre and ritual as forms or modes of performance, with reference to modern African drama in general and the dramaturgy of the Nigerian playwright Femi Euba in particular. The central argument hinges on the crossroads at which, for the successful integration of drama and ritual, aesthetic boldness, radical politics, and epistemological daring meet and clash. Deploying the notion of suspension of ritual disbelief as its central heuristic, the study explores the question of whether or not it is necessary for a playwright and her audience to believe in the gods and their rituals for ritual motifs and idioms to be successfully or productively integrated with dialogue drama. The author examines formal technique, thematic concerns, and cultural location – Africa/Diaspora – in three plays by Euba: The Devil, The Gulf, and The Eye of Gabriel.
{"title":"Ritual and theatre at the crossroads of poetics, politics and epistemology: Femi Euba (and WS)","authors":"Biodun Jeyifo","doi":"10.1080/14788810.2021.1949928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14788810.2021.1949928","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study returns to the issue in world theatre scholarship of the boundary between theatre and ritual as forms or modes of performance, with reference to modern African drama in general and the dramaturgy of the Nigerian playwright Femi Euba in particular. The central argument hinges on the crossroads at which, for the successful integration of drama and ritual, aesthetic boldness, radical politics, and epistemological daring meet and clash. Deploying the notion of suspension of ritual disbelief as its central heuristic, the study explores the question of whether or not it is necessary for a playwright and her audience to believe in the gods and their rituals for ritual motifs and idioms to be successfully or productively integrated with dialogue drama. The author examines formal technique, thematic concerns, and cultural location – Africa/Diaspora – in three plays by Euba: The Devil, The Gulf, and The Eye of Gabriel.","PeriodicalId":44108,"journal":{"name":"Atlantic Studies-Global Currents","volume":"19 1","pages":"513 - 525"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48688913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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