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El Apego Va a Juicio: Problemas de Custodia y Protección Infantil1 依恋受审:监护和儿童保护问题1
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.5093/apj2021a26
Tommie Forslund, Pehr Granqvist, Marinus H. van IJzendoorn, Avi Sagi-Schwartz, Danya Glaser, Miriam Steele, Mårten Hammarlund, Carlo Schuengel, Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg, Howard Steele, Phillip R. Shaver, Ulrike Lux, John Simmonds, Deborah Jacobvitz, Ashley M. Groh, Kristin Bernard, Chantal Cyr, Nancy L. Hazen, Sarah Foster, Elia Psouni, Philip A. Cowan, Carolyn Pape Cowan, Anne Rifkin-Graboi, D. Wilkins, Blaise Pierrehumbert, George M. Tarabulsy, R. Cárcamo, Zhengyan Wang, Xi Liang, Maria Kázmierczak, Paulina Pawlicka, Lilian Ayiro, Tamara Chansa, Francis Sichimba, Haatembo Mooya, Loyola McLean, M. Veríssimo, Sonia Gojman-de-Millán, Marlene M. Moretti, Fabien Bacro, Mikko Peltola, Megan Galbally, Kiyomi Kondo-Ikemura, Kazuko Y. Behrens, Stephen L. Scott, Andrés Fresno Rodríguez, Rosario Spencer, Germán Posada, R. Cassibba, Neus Barrantes-Vidal, J. Palacios, L. Barone, Sheri Madigan, Karen Mason-Jones, Sophie Reijman, Femmie Juffer, R. P. Fearon, Annie Bernier, Dante Cicchetti, Glenn I. Roisman, J. C
orientaciones para guiar la futura colaboración
指导未来合作的方向
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引用次数: 0
Psicopatía, Agresión y Violencia: un Análisis de la Interrelación en una Muestra de Delincuentes 精神病、攻击和暴力:对罪犯样本相互关系的分析
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-02 DOI: 10.5093/apj2021a25
T. D. Hierro, M. Fernández, José M. Rodríguez
This study explains the relationship between psychopathy and recidivism, just as the type of (instrumental and/or expressive) agression more characteristic of psychopathy. The results obtained from a sample of 285 prisoners showed the existence of a relationship between psychopathy and risk of recidivism. This risk was higher in groups with moderate and high scores in psychopathy. In addition, our results show the association between psychopathy and both types of aggression, instrumental and expressive, and the stronger connection with moderate and high score groups in psychopathy.
这项研究解释了精神病和累犯之间的关系,就像(工具性和/或表达性)侵犯的类型更具精神病的特征一样。从285名囚犯的样本中获得的结果表明,精神病与累犯风险之间存在关系。这种风险在精神病中得分中等和高的组中更高。此外,我们的研究结果显示,精神病与工具性和表达性两种攻击性之间存在关联,并且与精神病中的中、高分组有更强的联系。
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引用次数: 2
La Inteligencia Emocional y Las Estrategias de Afrontamiento de las Mujeres Desplazadas Víctimas del Conflicto Armado 武装冲突中流离失所妇女的情绪智力与应对策略
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-16 DOI: 10.5093/apj2021a24
L. K. J. Ruíz, M. Marín, Renato R. Martínez Martínez
Colombia is one of most affected country by the forced displacement scourge, which has its main impact upon women’s and children’s life. The aim of this study is to establish the relationship between emotional intelligence and coping strategies in displaced women. In order to verify such relationship, the TMMS-24 and CRI-A instruments were used, applied to 151 women from La Jagua de Ibirico municipality, with an average age of 35.6 (SD = 13.39). The results show a positive association of clarity and emotional repair with adequate coping strategies, and, though unexpectedly, also a negative association with maladaptive strategies. Good levels of clarity and repair were found in general, and a fair level of emotional attention. Although a little more than half of the participants use approaching strategies, a significant proportion of participants was observed using acceptance/resignation. In conclusion, displaced women do not show a specific trend towards a coping strategy, but do show adequate levels of emotional intelligence. The results are compared with previous research, and future directions are proposed.
哥伦比亚是受强迫流离失所祸害影响最严重的国家之一,这对妇女和儿童的生活产生了主要影响。本研究旨在探讨流离失所妇女情绪智力与应对策略的关系。为了验证这种关系,使用tms -24和CRI-A仪器,应用于来自La Jagua de Ibirico市的151名女性,平均年龄为35.6岁(SD = 13.39)。结果显示,清晰和情绪修复与适当的应对策略呈正相关,但出乎意料的是,与适应不良策略也呈负相关。总的来说,他们的清晰度和修复能力都很好,而且情绪上的注意力也很好。虽然略多于一半的参与者使用接近策略,但观察到很大比例的参与者使用接受/放弃。总之,流离失所的妇女在应对策略方面没有表现出特定的趋势,但确实表现出适当的情商水平。并与前人的研究结果进行了比较,提出了今后的研究方向。
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引用次数: 0
Trauma, Reparation, and Quality of Life in Victims of Armed Conflict after Peace Agreements 和平协定后武装冲突受害者的创伤、赔偿和生活质量
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-05-28 DOI: 10.5093/APJ2021A21
Marlen Raquel Simancas-Fernández, José Celedón-Rivero, W. M. Salas-Picón, Diana E. Salgado-Ruiz, María C. Echeverry-Londoño, John H. Vásquez-Campos, Marta Guarch-Rubio, A. L. Manzanero
El presente estudio evalua la calidad de vida de 1,139 victimas supervivientes del conflicto armado colombiano beneficiadas con algunas acciones de reparacion, mediante una breve encuesta sociodemografica y victimologica y el cuestionario de calidad de vida de la OMS (WHOQOL-BREF), que toma en cuenta factores de la percepcion de salud fisica y mental, relaciones sociales y ambientales. Los resultados muestran que la calidad de vida de las victimas del conflicto armado, una vez alcanzados los acuerdos de paz, se mantuvo baja o media-baja. El numero de hechos victimizantes sufridos y el tiempo transcurrido tienen poco efecto en la calidad de vida, siendo mas relevante el tipo de trauma. Los hechos relacionados con la tierra, tales como la expropiacion, tuvieron un efecto fundamentalmente en los factores ambientales. Los secuestros, agresiones sexuales y hechos en los que participaron menores afectaron a la salud mental. Las victimas de agresion sexual fueron aquellas cuya calidad de vida se vio mas afectada y las victimas de tortura fueron aquellas con un indice mas bajo de calidad de vida global. El mero paso del tiempo no implico una mejora en la calidad de vida, siendo necesarias intervenciones especificas para reparar el dano causado. Se debe prestar especial atencion a las caracteristicas sociodemograficas de cada victima, el tipo de agresion sufrida y sus necesidades en las areas de salud fisica y mental y recursos economicos.
本研究通过一项简短的社会人口学和受害者调查以及世卫组织的生活质量问卷(WHOQOL-BREF),评估了1139名哥伦比亚武装冲突幸存者的生活质量,这些受害者受益于一些赔偿行动,该问卷考虑了身心健康、社会和环境关系的看法因素。结果表明,一旦达成和平协议,武装冲突受害者的生活质量仍然很低或中低。遭受的受害事件的数量和经过的时间对生活质量影响不大,创伤的类型更为重要。与土地有关的事件,如征用,从根本上影响了环境因素。绑架、性侵犯和涉及未成年人的行为影响了心理健康。性侵犯的受害者是生活质量受影响最严重的人,酷刑的受害者是总体生活质量指数最低的人。时间的流逝并不意味着生活质量的提高,需要具体的干预措施来修复造成的损害。必须特别注意每个受害者的社会人口特征、所遭受的攻击类型及其在身心健康和经济资源领域的需求。
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引用次数: 4
Agresores Sexuales que Cometen su Primer Delito cuando Son Mayores. ¿Un Problema del Ciclo Vital? Ó 性侵犯者在成年后犯下第一次罪行。生命周期问题?奥
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-05-25 DOI: 10.5093/APJ2021A20
Óscar Herrero
Sexual offences are common among the older segment of the offender population. Frequently, these sexual crimes were committed at an older age and were offenders’ first known criminal offence. These men are labelled in scientific literature as “first-time older sex offenders”. Their existence is difficult to explain through contemporary sexual violence theories, which correlate the influence of risk factors with an early age. This paper reviews the existing research about older sex offenders and its implications with the phenomenon of first-time older sex offenders. This area has been primarily focused on psychopathological and neuropsychological variables, neglecting the explanatory role of factors such as the way individuals cope with psychosocial and sexual changes associated with normal ageing. Furthermore, limitations of the risk assessment procedures used with older sex offenders, and their implications for professional decision making are also analyzed.
性犯罪在老年罪犯群体中很常见。这些性犯罪通常发生在年纪较大的时候,是犯罪者已知的第一次刑事犯罪。这些男性在科学文献中被称为“首次年长性犯罪者”。他们的存在很难通过当代性暴力理论来解释,这些理论将风险因素的影响与早期联系起来。本文回顾了现有的关于老年性犯罪者的研究及其对首次老年性犯罪现象的启示。这一领域主要关注精神病理学和神经心理学变量,忽略了一些因素的解释作用,如个体应对与正常衰老相关的心理社会和性变化的方式。此外,还分析了对老年性犯罪者使用的风险评估程序的局限性及其对职业决策的影响。
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引用次数: 0
A Comparative Study between Recidivism Offenders and Non-recidivism Offenders in a Prison Sample 监狱中累犯与非累犯的比较研究
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-26 DOI: 10.5093/APJ2021A19
V. Molina-Coloma, Karmele Salaberria, J. I. Pérez
Research on penitentiary recidivism is an essential topic for the prevention of crime because, at the time of release, inmates with a high risk of committing crimes do not usually have the necessary tools to cope with the challenges of community life. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to identify criminal personality and psychopathological characteristics related to recidivism. The sample made up of 89 (n = 49 non-recidivists, n = 40 recidivists) inmates in a prison in Ecuador. The results showed that recidivist inmates, unlike non-recidivist inmates, present antisocial, borderline, and aggressive-sadistic personality, higher alcohol and drug dependence, and higher levels of physical aggression. From a criminal viewpoint, recidivist inmates commit more crimes against property; a larger proportion presented a history of juvenile delinquency and more disciplinary records in adult prison. Consequently, the results indicate the need to design and implement specific interventions to reduce recidivism in these offenders.
对监狱累犯的研究是预防犯罪的一个重要课题,因为在释放时,犯罪风险高的囚犯通常没有必要的工具来应对社区生活的挑战。因此,本研究的主要目的是识别与累犯相关的犯罪人格和精神病理学特征。该样本由厄瓜多尔一所监狱的89名囚犯(n=49名非累犯,n=40名累犯)组成。结果表明,与非累犯囚犯不同,累犯囚犯表现出反社会、边缘化和攻击性的虐待狂性格,酒精和药物依赖性更高,身体攻击性更高。从刑事角度来看,累犯犯犯下的侵犯财产罪更多;更大比例的人有青少年犯罪史,在成年监狱中有更多的纪律记录。因此,研究结果表明,有必要设计和实施具体的干预措施,以减少这些罪犯的累犯。
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引用次数: 3
Los Efectos del Sexo y del Autoritarismo en la Legitimación de los Abusos Policiales 性别和威权主义对警察虐待合法化的影响
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-26 DOI: 10.5093/APJ2021A18
D. Méndez, David Lois, Alexandra Vázquez
This research analyzes whether authoritarianism increases support for police abuse and if the effect is greater in men than in women. In addition, it explores whether fusion with the police, a predictor of extreme behavior, can mediate that effect. An exploratory correlational study was carried out with 149 Spaniards, in which two levels of police force were established, reasonable and excessive. The results showed a direct association between authoritarianism and support for the use of police force and an indirect association through fusion. Furthermore, the effects of authoritarianism on support for the use of police force were found to be stronger in men than in women, but only when the force used was excessive. These results suggest that ideological factors and psychosocial variables such as fusion and gender roles play a role in the legitimation of police excesses.
这项研究分析了威权主义是否会增加对警察虐待的支持,以及这种影响在男性中是否比在女性中更大。此外,它还探讨了与警察(极端行为的预测者)的融合是否可以调解这种影响。对149名西班牙人进行了一项探索性相关性研究,其中建立了两个级别的警察力量,合理和过度。结果显示,威权主义与支持使用警察力量之间存在直接联系,并通过融合存在间接联系。此外,专制主义对支持使用警察力量的影响在男性中比在女性中更大,但只有在过度使用警察力量的情况下才会如此。这些结果表明,意识形态因素和社会心理变量,如融合和性别角色,在警察过度行为的合法化中发挥了作用。
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引用次数: 0
What is Known about the Intervention with Gender Abusers? A Meta-analysis on Intervention Effectiveness 对性别虐待者的干预了解多少?干预效果的Meta分析
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-08 DOI: 10.5093/APJ2021A17
R. Fernández-Fernández, M. P. Navas, J. Sobral
In this research, a meta-analytic study is proposed with the aim of determining the state of the art of the efficacy of treatment programs for gender aggressors across different variables. Doing so is relevant in view of the inconsistency in the results of previous meta-analyses and the proliferation of new intervention programs for gender aggressors. The results of general meta-analysis show a positive, though not significant, effect of the intervention. The analysis of moderating variables shows a positive, significant, and close-to-moderate effect size for interventions lasting fewer than 16 weeks/sessions ( δ w = .39) and follow-up periods greater than or equal to 12 months ( δ w = .38), and a positive, significant and moderate size for interventions using cognitive-behavioral therapy ( δ w = .57). However, along the same lines, as previous meta-analyses, no definite conclusions can be drawn about the effectiveness of this type of program.
在这项研究中,提出了一项元分析研究,目的是确定不同变量的性别侵犯者治疗方案的疗效的最新水平。鉴于之前的荟萃分析结果不一致,以及针对性别侵犯者的新干预计划激增,这样做是有意义的。一般荟萃分析的结果显示,干预的效果是积极的,尽管并不显著。对调节变量的分析显示,持续时间少于16周/疗程(δw=0.39)和随访时间大于或等于12个月(δw=.38)的干预措施具有积极、显著和接近中等的效果,而使用认知行为疗法的干预措施则具有积极、显着和中等的效果(δw=.57),正如之前的荟萃分析一样,对于这类计划的有效性还没有得出确切的结论。
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引用次数: 2
Revisión de Instrumentos en Español para Medir el Acoso Laboral: Su Utilidad en la Evaluación Pericial 审查用西班牙语衡量工作场所骚扰的工具:它们在专家评估中的用处
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-08 DOI: 10.5093/APJ2021A16
V. López, David González-Trijueque
Mobbing is a psychosocial risk whose impact goes beyond victims’ physical and mental health and, hence, affects organizations and society. Although historically this phenomenon has been studied from the perspective of Work and Organizational Psychology, the fact of being covered in the reform of the Criminal Code of 2010 and its increasing role in clinical and forensic context have raised interest in its approach and assessment. In the present paper, a systematic review of the most relevant assessment instruments—widely used and with reliable psychometric properties—in Spain and Latin America is carried out. In addition, the bases to assess psychological injury and the role of instruments when conducting the forensic evaluation of mobbing are provided.
围攻是一种社会心理风险,其影响超出了受害者的身心健康,因此影响到组织和社会。尽管从历史上看,这一现象已经从工作和组织心理学的角度进行了研究,但2010年刑法改革所涵盖的事实及其在临床和法医环境中的日益重要的作用,提高了人们对其方法和评估的兴趣。在本文中,系统地回顾了西班牙和拉丁美洲最相关的评估工具-广泛使用和具有可靠的心理测量特性。此外,还提供了评估心理伤害的依据和工具在对围殴进行法医评估时的作用。
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引用次数: 1
Self-Report Pychopathy Scale Short Form 4ª Edición: Adaptación y Modelamiento Estructural en Población Penitenciaria Mexicana 自我报告失常量表简表第四版:墨西哥监狱人口的适应和结构建模
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-08 DOI: 10.5093/APJ2021A15
Paola Sánchez-Bojórquez, J. Caraveo-Anduaga, Sofía Rivera-Aragón, Carlos A. Rosas-Hernández, É. García-López
The study of psychopathy in forensic and legal psychology has been complex considering the impact on these areas. The purpose of the present study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Self-Report Pychopathy Scale Short Form 4th (SRP:4-SF), which was derived from the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) in a sample of 300 male prisoners. Results indicate that the adapted version of the SRP:4-SF has good construct validity and reliability to assess psychopathy in a penitentiary population. Statistical proposals are discussed to analyze SRP:4-SF factors, as well as cultural, contextual, and theorical differences to understand the manifestation of psychopathy.
考虑到对这些领域的影响,法医学和法律心理学中对精神病的研究一直很复杂。本研究的目的是检验自我报告Pychopathy量表Short Form 4th(SRP:4-SF)的心理测量特性,该量表来源于300名男性囚犯的修订版精神病检查表(PCL-R)。结果表明,SRP:4-SF的改编版本在评估监狱人群的精神病方面具有良好的结构有效性和可靠性。讨论了分析SRP:4-SF因素以及文化、背景和理论差异的统计建议,以了解精神病的表现。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Anuario De Psicologia Juridica
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