M. Slezak, T. Szczepanski, Beata Stasiak-Cieślak, Piotr Malawko
Abstract The article concerns the problem of lateral stabilization of a tricycle with variable front wheel track. The vehicle can operate in two modes: with the front wheels folded out and connected. A bicycle designed for people with special needs. The element that requires elaboration is the stabilization while driving with the front wheels unfolded. In this mode, a metastable state is created. When the lateral angle of the slope exceeds the limit value, the lateral force causes the lateral tilt. This phenomenon should be treated as a disadvantage as it makes it difficult to smoothly tilt the bicycle, which can lead to disorientation of the rider and difficulty in maintaining balance. The article presents mathematical simulations that allow for the analysis of factors influencing the discussed phenomenon.
{"title":"Metastable Conditions in a Three-Wheeled Bicycle with Variable Front Wheel Spacing","authors":"M. Slezak, T. Szczepanski, Beata Stasiak-Cieślak, Piotr Malawko","doi":"10.2478/ttj-2023-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2023-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article concerns the problem of lateral stabilization of a tricycle with variable front wheel track. The vehicle can operate in two modes: with the front wheels folded out and connected. A bicycle designed for people with special needs. The element that requires elaboration is the stabilization while driving with the front wheels unfolded. In this mode, a metastable state is created. When the lateral angle of the slope exceeds the limit value, the lateral force causes the lateral tilt. This phenomenon should be treated as a disadvantage as it makes it difficult to smoothly tilt the bicycle, which can lead to disorientation of the rider and difficulty in maintaining balance. The article presents mathematical simulations that allow for the analysis of factors influencing the discussed phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":44110,"journal":{"name":"Transport and Telecommunication Journal","volume":"115 1","pages":"217 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79652531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adham Ahmed Awad Elsayed Elmenshawy, Iyad Alomar, A. Arshad
Abstract The aim of this paper is to optimize turbine blade cooling channels by applying jet impingement Method. The selection of experiment data for NASA 3CX turbine blade, and 3D model using solidworks software and create computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations used to model the coolant flow and temperature distribution in the vane, while experimental testing can validate the CFD results and provide additional insights into the cooling system's performance., ANSYS FLUENT code was used as a CFD solver, and ANSYS ICEM-CFD was used for mesh generation. MATLAB code is used for calculation using experiment data and this was helpful for simulations. Heat transfer conjugation analysis bases SST shear stress analyses K-ω turbulent model. The results conclude that providing additional information about the cooling channels and how they differ in the studies being compared. The results demonstrate that the cooling channels' hydraulic diameter decreases by a significant percentage (up to 49.70%–69.55%) as they are drawn to the trailing edge of the blade. This can have a significant impact on the heat transfer coefficients and the performance of the cooling system. The pressure side of the turbine blade is observed to follow the Hylton Model, while the current study predicts a large over-anticipated heat transfer coefficient around the Turbine blade head and on the bulk of the suction side. In terms of average heat transfer coefficient, the two models differ by 23.36%. The authors found that the cooling effectiveness for the Optimized jet impingement model is 0.4892 for whole blade and compared it with the cooling effectiveness for the optimized jet impingement model, which is 0.6936, The results of the comparison between the base model and the optimized jet impingement model suggest that the optimized model has a significantly higher cooling effectiveness. The increase in cooling effectiveness of 29.46% for the whole blade and 28.823% for the trailing edge indicates that the optimized jet impingement design provides improved cooling performance. These results highlight the importance of considering optimized cooling designs for turbine blades to maintain efficient and safe operation.
{"title":"Optimization Turbine Blade Cooling by Applying Jet Impingement Cooling Channels","authors":"Adham Ahmed Awad Elsayed Elmenshawy, Iyad Alomar, A. Arshad","doi":"10.2478/ttj-2023-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2023-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this paper is to optimize turbine blade cooling channels by applying jet impingement Method. The selection of experiment data for NASA 3CX turbine blade, and 3D model using solidworks software and create computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations used to model the coolant flow and temperature distribution in the vane, while experimental testing can validate the CFD results and provide additional insights into the cooling system's performance., ANSYS FLUENT code was used as a CFD solver, and ANSYS ICEM-CFD was used for mesh generation. MATLAB code is used for calculation using experiment data and this was helpful for simulations. Heat transfer conjugation analysis bases SST shear stress analyses K-ω turbulent model. The results conclude that providing additional information about the cooling channels and how they differ in the studies being compared. The results demonstrate that the cooling channels' hydraulic diameter decreases by a significant percentage (up to 49.70%–69.55%) as they are drawn to the trailing edge of the blade. This can have a significant impact on the heat transfer coefficients and the performance of the cooling system. The pressure side of the turbine blade is observed to follow the Hylton Model, while the current study predicts a large over-anticipated heat transfer coefficient around the Turbine blade head and on the bulk of the suction side. In terms of average heat transfer coefficient, the two models differ by 23.36%. The authors found that the cooling effectiveness for the Optimized jet impingement model is 0.4892 for whole blade and compared it with the cooling effectiveness for the optimized jet impingement model, which is 0.6936, The results of the comparison between the base model and the optimized jet impingement model suggest that the optimized model has a significantly higher cooling effectiveness. The increase in cooling effectiveness of 29.46% for the whole blade and 28.823% for the trailing edge indicates that the optimized jet impingement design provides improved cooling performance. These results highlight the importance of considering optimized cooling designs for turbine blades to maintain efficient and safe operation.","PeriodicalId":44110,"journal":{"name":"Transport and Telecommunication Journal","volume":"76 1","pages":"320 - 337"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81093845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The transport of temperature sensitive products takes place under special conditions defined by specific agreements and international standards. The only exception to this rule is consumer transport. This transport is carried out by the consumer and takes place on the way home from the shop. The study examined consumers' awareness of the consumer transport of frozen food and analysed this type of transport in terms of the continuity of the cold chain. Such situation affects the deterioration of frozen food quality especially in case of its later storage in the home freezer. It was found that the average distance that customers cover from shop to home was 4.98 km. They usually used a car and covered this distance in an average of 12.85 minutes. During the summer months, this time is sufficient to partially thaw a package of frozen vegetables. Only 33% of the respondents used insulated bags to protect frozen food on the way home. When analysing the transport of frozen raw material carried out by consumers in real conditions, the use of insulated bags was found to be justified. These bags are able to keep the temperature of the packed raw material below −5°C. It was found that the legal imposition of the necessity to use such bags or the introduction by the manufacturer of frozen food of appropriate packaging protecting the food against transport at inappropriate temperatures in the summer months is necessary.
{"title":"Analysis of Transport Conditions for Frozen Food on the Way from the Shop to Home","authors":"M. Góral-Kowalczyk, D. Góral, Piotr Nakonieczny","doi":"10.2478/ttj-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The transport of temperature sensitive products takes place under special conditions defined by specific agreements and international standards. The only exception to this rule is consumer transport. This transport is carried out by the consumer and takes place on the way home from the shop. The study examined consumers' awareness of the consumer transport of frozen food and analysed this type of transport in terms of the continuity of the cold chain. Such situation affects the deterioration of frozen food quality especially in case of its later storage in the home freezer. It was found that the average distance that customers cover from shop to home was 4.98 km. They usually used a car and covered this distance in an average of 12.85 minutes. During the summer months, this time is sufficient to partially thaw a package of frozen vegetables. Only 33% of the respondents used insulated bags to protect frozen food on the way home. When analysing the transport of frozen raw material carried out by consumers in real conditions, the use of insulated bags was found to be justified. These bags are able to keep the temperature of the packed raw material below −5°C. It was found that the legal imposition of the necessity to use such bags or the introduction by the manufacturer of frozen food of appropriate packaging protecting the food against transport at inappropriate temperatures in the summer months is necessary.","PeriodicalId":44110,"journal":{"name":"Transport and Telecommunication Journal","volume":"109 1","pages":"97 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78312584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anudeepsekhar Bolimera, R. Muthalagu, V. Kalaichelvi, Abhilasha Singh
Abstract Ego lane detection is one of the key techniques in Ego Lane Analysis System (ELAS) implemented in smart autonomous driving cars for lane detection in roads. This technique has been extensively studied in recent years because of its accurate and robust detection of shape and location of lanes. The conventional methods are less robust and computationally expensive since they have several challenges in localization of lanes due to presence of occlusions on roads. So to avoid these issues, this paper uses a novel 2-stage lane detection method using deep convolutional neural network to detect the lanes and its key-points by optimally fit a curve to the lane to compensate on above mentioned issues. The proposed methodology for lane detection predicts the key-points accurately and it robust under various weather conditions and highway driving scenarios. In terms of performance, this technique is fast and robust with low computational cost and has high performance when deployed on autonomous vehicle-based systems.
自我车道检测是实现智能自动驾驶汽车自我车道分析系统(Ego lane Analysis System, ELAS)的关键技术之一。近年来，该技术因其对车道形状和位置的准确和鲁棒性检测而得到了广泛的研究。由于道路上存在遮挡，传统方法在车道定位方面存在一些挑战，因此鲁棒性较差，计算成本较高。为了避免这些问题，本文采用了一种新颖的两阶段车道检测方法，利用深度卷积神经网络通过最优拟合曲线来检测车道及其关键点，以弥补上述问题。所提出的车道检测方法在各种天气条件和公路行驶场景下均能准确预测关键点，具有较强的鲁棒性。在性能方面，该技术速度快，鲁棒性好，计算成本低，在基于自动驾驶车辆的系统上部署时具有很高的性能。
{"title":"Ego Vehicle Lane Detection and Key Point Determination Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks and Inverse Projection Mapping","authors":"Anudeepsekhar Bolimera, R. Muthalagu, V. Kalaichelvi, Abhilasha Singh","doi":"10.2478/ttj-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ego lane detection is one of the key techniques in Ego Lane Analysis System (ELAS) implemented in smart autonomous driving cars for lane detection in roads. This technique has been extensively studied in recent years because of its accurate and robust detection of shape and location of lanes. The conventional methods are less robust and computationally expensive since they have several challenges in localization of lanes due to presence of occlusions on roads. So to avoid these issues, this paper uses a novel 2-stage lane detection method using deep convolutional neural network to detect the lanes and its key-points by optimally fit a curve to the lane to compensate on above mentioned issues. The proposed methodology for lane detection predicts the key-points accurately and it robust under various weather conditions and highway driving scenarios. In terms of performance, this technique is fast and robust with low computational cost and has high performance when deployed on autonomous vehicle-based systems.","PeriodicalId":44110,"journal":{"name":"Transport and Telecommunication Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":"110 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75155000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In many road safety, traffic management, and travel planning analyses, it is useful to classify road sections according to risk level. Such classification is labour-intensive and needs to be reviewed periodically. The authors propose a model for identifying a discrete risk class for road sections based on selected traffic flow parameters, which are available in most measurement systems monitoring current traffic conditions. The Surrogate Safety Measures approach was applied in the model formulated using Principal Components Analysis. As input to the model SSMs are used in the form of a set of hourly average traffic flow parameters. The SSMs used are: the percentage of light vehicles exceeding the speed limit by a value in the range 21 to 30 km/h; the percentage of light vehicles exceeding the speed limit by more than 30 km/h; the traffic volume of light vehicles; the traffic volume of heavy vehicles and the mean speeds of light vehicles and heavy vehicles. This paper presents results of calculations of risk class obtained from the model for different locations on single-carriageway two-lane roads in Poland. Satisfactory compliance of risk classes designated by the road operator and identified by the model based on current traffic data was achieved. The proposed model can be used as the core of an effective alternative road safety screening method.
{"title":"A Model for Identifying Road Risk Class","authors":"A. Ryguła, K. Brzozowski, A. Maczyński","doi":"10.2478/ttj-2023-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2023-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In many road safety, traffic management, and travel planning analyses, it is useful to classify road sections according to risk level. Such classification is labour-intensive and needs to be reviewed periodically. The authors propose a model for identifying a discrete risk class for road sections based on selected traffic flow parameters, which are available in most measurement systems monitoring current traffic conditions. The Surrogate Safety Measures approach was applied in the model formulated using Principal Components Analysis. As input to the model SSMs are used in the form of a set of hourly average traffic flow parameters. The SSMs used are: the percentage of light vehicles exceeding the speed limit by a value in the range 21 to 30 km/h; the percentage of light vehicles exceeding the speed limit by more than 30 km/h; the traffic volume of light vehicles; the traffic volume of heavy vehicles and the mean speeds of light vehicles and heavy vehicles. This paper presents results of calculations of risk class obtained from the model for different locations on single-carriageway two-lane roads in Poland. Satisfactory compliance of risk classes designated by the road operator and identified by the model based on current traffic data was achieved. The proposed model can be used as the core of an effective alternative road safety screening method.","PeriodicalId":44110,"journal":{"name":"Transport and Telecommunication Journal","volume":"87 1","pages":"167 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83308677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The automotive industry is on a continuous transition towards a more sustainable and integrated ecosystem influenced by the fast-paced adoption of Electrical Vehicles (EVs) and the developments of emerging technologies such as Automated Vehicles (AVs). The road transportation sector is also experimenting with the emergent decentralized blockchain technology in various ways ranging from supply chain transparency to insurance and tokenization. Some of the recent use cases are the use of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), unique digital assets designed to be immutable, to certify ownership of a vehicle, the data history of it or just for fan base development. The current paper reviews the literature findings concerning the potential of Non-Fungible Tokens for the automotive industry and proposes a new car ownership and revenue generation model using the ERC-1155 token standard. Our proof-of-concept based on fractional vehicle ownership demonstrates the feasibility of such a model that allows for revenue distribution amongst the vehicle owners according to the percentile invested in the vehicle acquisition.
{"title":"Fractional Vehicle Ownership and Revenue Generation Through Blockchain Asset Tokenization","authors":"Elena Viţelaru, Luca Persia","doi":"10.2478/ttj-2023-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2023-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The automotive industry is on a continuous transition towards a more sustainable and integrated ecosystem influenced by the fast-paced adoption of Electrical Vehicles (EVs) and the developments of emerging technologies such as Automated Vehicles (AVs). The road transportation sector is also experimenting with the emergent decentralized blockchain technology in various ways ranging from supply chain transparency to insurance and tokenization. Some of the recent use cases are the use of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), unique digital assets designed to be immutable, to certify ownership of a vehicle, the data history of it or just for fan base development. The current paper reviews the literature findings concerning the potential of Non-Fungible Tokens for the automotive industry and proposes a new car ownership and revenue generation model using the ERC-1155 token standard. Our proof-of-concept based on fractional vehicle ownership demonstrates the feasibility of such a model that allows for revenue distribution amongst the vehicle owners according to the percentile invested in the vehicle acquisition.","PeriodicalId":44110,"journal":{"name":"Transport and Telecommunication Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"120 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78565783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The evolution of vehicles has always been continuous with respect to growth in technology.The concept of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is the process of allowing vehicles to interact with each other to provide real-time information. This paper introduces the various aspects of IoV and their components. Despite the fact that there are more and more vehicles connected to the IoV, there are still many unknown issues and potentials that needs to be identified to carry out research. In order to identify and classify the current difficulties in implementing and using IoV in urban cities, various research publications on the topic were analysed in this paper. The limitations of the Internet of Vehicular technology are also described. Additionally, a number of current and potential remedies that address the highlighted problems were briefly covered. The background information and reasons for evolving heterogeneous vehicular networks are thoroughly reviewed in this research. Also highlights the key technologies of IoV, network architecture and comparison of IoV architecture models with focus on different communication models The most modern IoV enabling technologies are also highlighted, along with environmental scope of intelligent internet of vehicles. Finally, the paper has reviewed the open research issues of Intelligent IoV such as Poor Connectivity of on road vehicles and Stability, Hard delay constraints, High reliability requirements, high scalability, Security and privacy, etc. and related solutions.
{"title":"Trends and Open Research Issues in Intelligent Internet of Vehicles","authors":"Shridevi Jeevan Kamble, Manjunath R. Kounte","doi":"10.2478/ttj-2023-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2023-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The evolution of vehicles has always been continuous with respect to growth in technology.The concept of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is the process of allowing vehicles to interact with each other to provide real-time information. This paper introduces the various aspects of IoV and their components. Despite the fact that there are more and more vehicles connected to the IoV, there are still many unknown issues and potentials that needs to be identified to carry out research. In order to identify and classify the current difficulties in implementing and using IoV in urban cities, various research publications on the topic were analysed in this paper. The limitations of the Internet of Vehicular technology are also described. Additionally, a number of current and potential remedies that address the highlighted problems were briefly covered. The background information and reasons for evolving heterogeneous vehicular networks are thoroughly reviewed in this research. Also highlights the key technologies of IoV, network architecture and comparison of IoV architecture models with focus on different communication models The most modern IoV enabling technologies are also highlighted, along with environmental scope of intelligent internet of vehicles. Finally, the paper has reviewed the open research issues of Intelligent IoV such as Poor Connectivity of on road vehicles and Stability, Hard delay constraints, High reliability requirements, high scalability, Security and privacy, etc. and related solutions.","PeriodicalId":44110,"journal":{"name":"Transport and Telecommunication Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"143 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90885907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The publication includes a review of information on the methods of pavement condition recognition using various methods. Measurement system has been presented that allows to determine the condition of the pavement using the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and machine learning methods. Three machine learning methods were considered: random forest, gradient boosted tree and custom architecture neural network (roadNet). Due to the developed system the set of learning and validation data was created on 3 vehicles: Opel Corsa, Honda Accord, Volkswagen Passat. All of the listed vehicles have front wheel drive. The presented machine learning methods have been compared with each other. The best accuracy on the validation set was achieved by the artificial neural network (ANN). The study showed that asphalt condition classification is possible and the developed system fulfils its task.
{"title":"Classification of the Condition of Pavement with the Use of Machine Learning Methods","authors":"Pawel Tomilo","doi":"10.2478/ttj-2023-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2023-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The publication includes a review of information on the methods of pavement condition recognition using various methods. Measurement system has been presented that allows to determine the condition of the pavement using the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and machine learning methods. Three machine learning methods were considered: random forest, gradient boosted tree and custom architecture neural network (roadNet). Due to the developed system the set of learning and validation data was created on 3 vehicles: Opel Corsa, Honda Accord, Volkswagen Passat. All of the listed vehicles have front wheel drive. The presented machine learning methods have been compared with each other. The best accuracy on the validation set was achieved by the artificial neural network (ANN). The study showed that asphalt condition classification is possible and the developed system fulfils its task.","PeriodicalId":44110,"journal":{"name":"Transport and Telecommunication Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":"158 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91378200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Previous studies have shown that the level of awareness of SDVs is a deciding factor that affects the public attitude towards this emerging technology; however, none of these studies focuses on understanding the relationship between these two variables. Thus, this study utilizes a questionnaire survey with the objective of drawing the relationship between the public attitude and level of knowledge. A total of 2447 complete responses were revised from participants from the US. The results show that people with prior knowledge about SDVs are more likely to travel on SDVs. However, participants who know a bit about SDVs were the most likely to travel on SDVs when compared with participants who had no knowledge and participants who know a lot about SDVs. In addition, the analysis shows that the relationship between the level of knowledge and the level of acceptance of SDVs is not linear but rather parabolic.
{"title":"A Microscopic Analysis of the Relationship Between Prior Knowledge About Self-Driving Cars and the Public Acceptance: A Survey in the US","authors":"Kareem Othman","doi":"10.2478/ttj-2023-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2023-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Previous studies have shown that the level of awareness of SDVs is a deciding factor that affects the public attitude towards this emerging technology; however, none of these studies focuses on understanding the relationship between these two variables. Thus, this study utilizes a questionnaire survey with the objective of drawing the relationship between the public attitude and level of knowledge. A total of 2447 complete responses were revised from participants from the US. The results show that people with prior knowledge about SDVs are more likely to travel on SDVs. However, participants who know a bit about SDVs were the most likely to travel on SDVs when compared with participants who had no knowledge and participants who know a lot about SDVs. In addition, the analysis shows that the relationship between the level of knowledge and the level of acceptance of SDVs is not linear but rather parabolic.","PeriodicalId":44110,"journal":{"name":"Transport and Telecommunication Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":"128 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74691393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Impact of climate change on railway transport manifests in a variety of consequences, such as rail buckling, rail flooding, expansion of swing bridges, overheating of electrical equipment and its damage, bridge scour, failure of earthworks, ground settlement, pavement deterioration, damage to sea walls, coastal erosion of tracks and earthworks, and an increased number of railway accidents in general. Such impacts can cause considerable disruption of railway operations and lead to substantial financial expenses for repair of the railway infrastructure. Therefore, it is crucial to include adaptation strategies already in the design phase of the railway construction to ensure stability and integrity of the railway operations. This paper provides a literature review of adaptation considerations in Canada, China and Sweden and discusses climate change challenges that these countries face in their railway systems. In conclusion, the authors provide recommendations for adaptation approaches based on the reviewed international experience which can be useful for policymakers and managers of railway companies.
{"title":"Railway Transport Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change at High Latitudes: A Review of Experience from Canada, Sweden and China","authors":"E. Kostianaia, A. Kostianoy","doi":"10.2478/ttj-2023-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2023-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Impact of climate change on railway transport manifests in a variety of consequences, such as rail buckling, rail flooding, expansion of swing bridges, overheating of electrical equipment and its damage, bridge scour, failure of earthworks, ground settlement, pavement deterioration, damage to sea walls, coastal erosion of tracks and earthworks, and an increased number of railway accidents in general. Such impacts can cause considerable disruption of railway operations and lead to substantial financial expenses for repair of the railway infrastructure. Therefore, it is crucial to include adaptation strategies already in the design phase of the railway construction to ensure stability and integrity of the railway operations. This paper provides a literature review of adaptation considerations in Canada, China and Sweden and discusses climate change challenges that these countries face in their railway systems. In conclusion, the authors provide recommendations for adaptation approaches based on the reviewed international experience which can be useful for policymakers and managers of railway companies.","PeriodicalId":44110,"journal":{"name":"Transport and Telecommunication Journal","volume":"102 1","pages":"180 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86346962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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