Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1080/00690805.2002.9714213
R. Deakin, S. C. Bird, R. Grenfell
The concept of a centroid is useful for many spatial applications, and the determination of the centroid of a plane polygon is standard functionality in most Geographic Information System (GIS) software. A common reason for determining a centroid is to create a convenient point of reference for a polygon, often for positioning a textual label. For such applications, the rigour with which the centroid is determined is not critical, because in the positioning of a label, for example, the main criteria is that it be within the polygon and reasonably central for easy interpretation. However, there may be applications where the determination of a centroid has, at the very least, an impact on civic pride and quite possibly financial repercussions. We refer here to an administrative or natural region where a nominated centroid has a certain curiosity value with the potential to become a tourist attraction. Such centroids provide economic benefit to those in a sub-region, usually in close proximity to the centroid. Various interpretations of a centroid exist and this paper explores these and the methods of calculation. Variation in position resulting from different interpretations is examined in the context of the centroid of the Australian State of Victoria, and GIS software are evaluated to determine the efficacy of their centroid functions.
{"title":"The Centroid? Where would you like it to be be?","authors":"R. Deakin, S. C. Bird, R. Grenfell","doi":"10.1080/00690805.2002.9714213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00690805.2002.9714213","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of a centroid is useful for many spatial applications, and the determination of the centroid of a plane polygon is standard functionality in most Geographic Information System (GIS) software. A common reason for determining a centroid is to create a convenient point of reference for a polygon, often for positioning a textual label. For such applications, the rigour with which the centroid is determined is not critical, because in the positioning of a label, for example, the main criteria is that it be within the polygon and reasonably central for easy interpretation. However, there may be applications where the determination of a centroid has, at the very least, an impact on civic pride and quite possibly financial repercussions. We refer here to an administrative or natural region where a nominated centroid has a certain curiosity value with the potential to become a tourist attraction. Such centroids provide economic benefit to those in a sub-region, usually in close proximity to the centroid. Various interpretations of a centroid exist and this paper explores these and the methods of calculation. Variation in position resulting from different interpretations is examined in the context of the centroid of the Australian State of Victoria, and GIS software are evaluated to determine the efficacy of their centroid functions.","PeriodicalId":44129,"journal":{"name":"Geodesy and Cartography","volume":"38 1","pages":"153 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83395414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PERSONALITIES","authors":"Murray de Plater, E. Clifford, M. O’Connor","doi":"10.2307/20632489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20632489","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44129,"journal":{"name":"Geodesy and Cartography","volume":"25 1","pages":"181 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78060436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1080/00690805.2002.9714205
L. Arnold, G. Wright
Cost effective techniques for updating cartographic databases for map publication and revision are of major importance to the spatial information industry. Traditionally, digital map publishing systems maintain multiple databases in order to produce a variety of map themes at various scales. This is an expensive solution. Ideally, derived maps should be automatically updated in parallel to the primary data source. This paper will review contemporary approaches to spatial data management and identify major issues in the implementation of automated map revision. It will also introduce research into realtime updating of thematic maps.
{"title":"Managing And Maintaining Cartographic Data: Contemporary Approaches And New Directions","authors":"L. Arnold, G. Wright","doi":"10.1080/00690805.2002.9714205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00690805.2002.9714205","url":null,"abstract":"Cost effective techniques for updating cartographic databases for map publication and revision are of major importance to the spatial information industry. Traditionally, digital map publishing systems maintain multiple databases in order to produce a variety of map themes at various scales. This is an expensive solution. Ideally, derived maps should be automatically updated in parallel to the primary data source. This paper will review contemporary approaches to spatial data management and identify major issues in the implementation of automated map revision. It will also introduce research into realtime updating of thematic maps.","PeriodicalId":44129,"journal":{"name":"Geodesy and Cartography","volume":"31 1","pages":"51 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75103346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1080/00690805.2002.9714203
M. Feeney, I. Williamson, I. Bishop
Improved economic, social and environmental decision-making are principal objectives for investing in the development of Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) at all political and administrative levels. Indeed, Resolution 7 of the recent 5th Global Spatial Data Infrastructure (GSDI) conference in Cartagena, Colombia (GSDI, 2001) argued that the purpose of the GSDI is to improve the availability, accessibility, and applicability of spatial information for decisionmaking. While accepting the development of institutional mechanisms to support decisionmaking by promoting the availability and accessibility of spatial information as part of SDI institutional frameworks, many institutional mechanisms fall short of addressing the application of spatial data to decison-making. From an institutional perspective, the motivation for SDI implementation is the impracticality of a single organisation producing and maintaining the wide variety of data and models needed to inform many decisions, resulting in a need for sharing of data and a range of analytical and display tools. This is being seen particularly in the natural resource, environment and government sectors in Australia. These sectors are utilising institutional mechanisms to support spatial decision-making processes in a number of different ways including the development of community resource centres, departmental development of decision support tools, as well as the development of atlases, spatial data directories and on-line land information services. In Australia these institutional mechanisms are playing a crucial role in providing the building blocks for the institutional framework of SDIs and address different levels of the decision-making process. This paper looks at how availability and accessibility of spatial data are being achieved by reviewing examples from each of the institutional mechanisms mentioned. The variety of decision-making levels supported by these different initiatives is reviewed in terms of decision process theory. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the approaches to developing institutional support for decision-making as part of SDI development, as well as a consideration of directions for SDI development in the future to support spatial decision-making processes.
{"title":"The Role of Institutional Mechanisms in Spatial Data Infrastructure Development that Supports Decision-making","authors":"M. Feeney, I. Williamson, I. Bishop","doi":"10.1080/00690805.2002.9714203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00690805.2002.9714203","url":null,"abstract":"Improved economic, social and environmental decision-making are principal objectives for investing in the development of Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) at all political and administrative levels. Indeed, Resolution 7 of the recent 5th Global Spatial Data Infrastructure (GSDI) conference in Cartagena, Colombia (GSDI, 2001) argued that the purpose of the GSDI is to improve the availability, accessibility, and applicability of spatial information for decisionmaking. While accepting the development of institutional mechanisms to support decisionmaking by promoting the availability and accessibility of spatial information as part of SDI institutional frameworks, many institutional mechanisms fall short of addressing the application of spatial data to decison-making. From an institutional perspective, the motivation for SDI implementation is the impracticality of a single organisation producing and maintaining the wide variety of data and models needed to inform many decisions, resulting in a need for sharing of data and a range of analytical and display tools. This is being seen particularly in the natural resource, environment and government sectors in Australia. These sectors are utilising institutional mechanisms to support spatial decision-making processes in a number of different ways including the development of community resource centres, departmental development of decision support tools, as well as the development of atlases, spatial data directories and on-line land information services. In Australia these institutional mechanisms are playing a crucial role in providing the building blocks for the institutional framework of SDIs and address different levels of the decision-making process. This paper looks at how availability and accessibility of spatial data are being achieved by reviewing examples from each of the institutional mechanisms mentioned. The variety of decision-making levels supported by these different initiatives is reviewed in terms of decision process theory. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the approaches to developing institutional support for decision-making as part of SDI development, as well as a consideration of directions for SDI development in the future to support spatial decision-making processes.","PeriodicalId":44129,"journal":{"name":"Geodesy and Cartography","volume":"15 7 1","pages":"21 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81045954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1080/00690805.2002.9714202
M. Warnest, M. Feeney, A. Rajabifard, I. Williamson
Recent models of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs) are overly simplistic and fail to address the dynamic nature, complexity inter- and intra-jurisdictional nature, and the important role of partnerships. There is a need by governments and administrators to better understand the complex nature of SDIs to facilitate implementation of this form of infrastructure in an information society. This paper aims to build upon current SDI research at local, state and regional levels to better understand the complex and multidimensional nature at a national level, while building on the principles of Hierarchical Spatial Reasoning (HSR) theory. To date, little work has been undertaken on mapping these partnerships particularly at the national level within a country that is a federation of states. This paper will introduce the notion that better understanding of the partnerships that support SDI will enable administrators of spatial information to implement this type of infrastructure into the future. The paper will also highlight new research being conducted by the Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration at the University of Melbourne on the Australian SDI (ASDI) and the aims to develop a methodology to map the complex nature of National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDl).
{"title":"Fundamental partnerships driving spatial data infrastructure development within Australia","authors":"M. Warnest, M. Feeney, A. Rajabifard, I. Williamson","doi":"10.1080/00690805.2002.9714202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00690805.2002.9714202","url":null,"abstract":"Recent models of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs) are overly simplistic and fail to address the dynamic nature, complexity inter- and intra-jurisdictional nature, and the important role of partnerships. There is a need by governments and administrators to better understand the complex nature of SDIs to facilitate implementation of this form of infrastructure in an information society. This paper aims to build upon current SDI research at local, state and regional levels to better understand the complex and multidimensional nature at a national level, while building on the principles of Hierarchical Spatial Reasoning (HSR) theory. To date, little work has been undertaken on mapping these partnerships particularly at the national level within a country that is a federation of states. This paper will introduce the notion that better understanding of the partnerships that support SDI will enable administrators of spatial information to implement this type of infrastructure into the future. The paper will also highlight new research being conducted by the Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration at the University of Melbourne on the Australian SDI (ASDI) and the aims to develop a methodology to map the complex nature of National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDl).","PeriodicalId":44129,"journal":{"name":"Geodesy and Cartography","volume":"2 1","pages":"11 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78704088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1080/00690805.2002.9714224
Technical Notes
Ueberlandstr. 133, CH-8600 Duebendorf / Switzerland http://www.sodis.ch Phone +41-1-823 50 19 Fax: +41-1-823 53 99 http://www.sandec.ch What is SODIS? • A treatment method to eliminate the pathogens which cause water-borne diseases • Ideal to disinfect small quantities of water used for consumption • A water treatment process depending on solar energy only • An alternative water treatment option for use mainly at household level • An old but so far hardly applied water purification method
{"title":"TECHNICAL NOTES","authors":"Technical Notes","doi":"10.1080/00690805.2002.9714224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00690805.2002.9714224","url":null,"abstract":"Ueberlandstr. 133, CH-8600 Duebendorf / Switzerland http://www.sodis.ch Phone +41-1-823 50 19 Fax: +41-1-823 53 99 http://www.sandec.ch What is SODIS? • A treatment method to eliminate the pathogens which cause water-borne diseases • Ideal to disinfect small quantities of water used for consumption • A water treatment process depending on solar energy only • An alternative water treatment option for use mainly at household level • An old but so far hardly applied water purification method","PeriodicalId":44129,"journal":{"name":"Geodesy and Cartography","volume":"19 1","pages":"192 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78808204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1080/00690805.2002.9714210
S. Miller, G. Pupedis
In a web-based environment, a focus, whether intentional or not, on style over content, and technical and technological ‘whiz-bang-ery’ over simplicity and usability, can significantly decrease the usefulness of a product for an end user. This danger can be minimised via increased focus on understanding end user needs, characteristics and preferred modes of interaction combined with actual user involvement in the design, development and testing processes—known as user—centred design. Relatively little is understood about how users interact with web-based spatial interfaces. Many of the issues relating to presenting spatial information in a ‘screen-based’ environment that have been identified over the last decade are yet to be practicably tested in ‘real-world’ environments by either academia or industry. Additionally, the requirement for usable guidelines, rules and principles is yet to be fully met. Although cognitive/perceptual studies are required to fully understand how users interact with spatial content using ‘standard’ and alternative spatial tools, adherence to user-cantered design principles and the use of heuristics and small- and large-scale usability testing can be applied to improve both the utility and the usability of web sites (i.e. their usefulness). During web development, a user-centred approach to conceptual design, content development, interface design and functional design can be exploited to improve the user experience. This paper provides an overview of current usability research in both the Geospatial and more general web development fields. It presents a number of different user-centred techniques that focus specifically on practical ways in which to involve ‘real-worldrsquo; users in the spatial web-based application development process. It also outlines some of the issues associated with existing spatial interfaces.
{"title":"Spatial Interface Design for the Web—A Question of Usability","authors":"S. Miller, G. Pupedis","doi":"10.1080/00690805.2002.9714210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00690805.2002.9714210","url":null,"abstract":"In a web-based environment, a focus, whether intentional or not, on style over content, and technical and technological ‘whiz-bang-ery’ over simplicity and usability, can significantly decrease the usefulness of a product for an end user. This danger can be minimised via increased focus on understanding end user needs, characteristics and preferred modes of interaction combined with actual user involvement in the design, development and testing processes—known as user—centred design. Relatively little is understood about how users interact with web-based spatial interfaces. Many of the issues relating to presenting spatial information in a ‘screen-based’ environment that have been identified over the last decade are yet to be practicably tested in ‘real-world’ environments by either academia or industry. Additionally, the requirement for usable guidelines, rules and principles is yet to be fully met. Although cognitive/perceptual studies are required to fully understand how users interact with spatial content using ‘standard’ and alternative spatial tools, adherence to user-cantered design principles and the use of heuristics and small- and large-scale usability testing can be applied to improve both the utility and the usability of web sites (i.e. their usefulness). During web development, a user-centred approach to conceptual design, content development, interface design and functional design can be exploited to improve the user experience. This paper provides an overview of current usability research in both the Geospatial and more general web development fields. It presents a number of different user-centred techniques that focus specifically on practical ways in which to involve ‘real-worldrsquo; users in the spatial web-based application development process. It also outlines some of the issues associated with existing spatial interfaces.","PeriodicalId":44129,"journal":{"name":"Geodesy and Cartography","volume":"28 1","pages":"119 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87255809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：