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2018 IEEE Workshop on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (ARSO)最新文献

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Model Reduction Based on Matrix Polynomials 基于矩阵多项式的模型约简
Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ARSO.2018.8625833
Karim Cherifi, K. Hariche
Model reduction is an active field of research. It is the approximation of dynamical systems into systems having the same behavior and properties but with smaller order. Model reduction techniques presented in the past [1]–[4] have tried to improve: storage, computational speed and accuracy. Most of the methods can be categorized into two main approaches: Krylov based subspaces and Truncation. Some of the methods proposed include: the Padé via lanczos method, the Arnoldi and Prima method, the Laguene method, the balanced truncation method, the optimal Hankel norm method and the Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method. In this contribution, we present a method for multi input multi output linear systems. This method is based on matrix polynomials and block poles. Other algorithms are based on the factorization of transfer functions by eliminating block poles. The main contribution of this method is the capability of eliminating multiple block poles at the same time. This method is particularly suitable if the given system is in matrix transfer function form. The presented method is implemented in MATLAB in order to provide a systematic method for the model order reduction of MIMO linear systems. In order to illustrate the use of this method in robotics, a simple application is presented.
模型约简是一个活跃的研究领域。它是将动力系统近似为具有相同行为和性质但阶数较小的系统。过去提出的模型约简技术[1]-[4]试图提高:存储、计算速度和准确性。大多数方法可以分为两种主要方法:基于Krylov的子空间和截断。提出的方法有:pad via lanczos法、Arnoldi和Prima法、Laguene法、平衡截断法、最优汉克尔范数法和适当正交分解法。在这篇贡献中,我们提出了一种多输入多输出线性系统的方法。该方法基于矩阵多项式和块极点。其他算法是基于传递函数的因式分解,通过消除块极点。该方法的主要贡献在于能够同时消除多个块极。这种方法特别适用于给定系统是矩阵传递函数形式的情况。该方法在MATLAB中实现,为MIMO线性系统的模型降阶提供了一种系统的方法。为了说明该方法在机器人中的应用,给出了一个简单的应用。
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引用次数: 1
Collaborative robots system in a photography service using Kukanchi 协作机器人系统在摄影服务中使用Kukanchi
Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ARSO.2018.8625761
Tomoyuki Nakai, Yukihiro Nakamura, Takeshi Sasaki, N. Matsuhira
Service robots are needed for the aging society and many types of robot are needed in the community. We have developed the collaboration control system among robots, including different types of robots. Here, the same task by the same type of robot and the same task by different types of robots were conducted in an information structured environment, Kukanchi, built by common robot middleware.
老龄化社会需要服务机器人,社会需要多种类型的机器人。我们开发了机器人之间的协作控制系统,包括不同类型的机器人。在这里,同一类型的机器人完成相同的任务,不同类型的机器人完成相同的任务,在一个由通用机器人中间件构建的信息结构化环境Kukanchi中进行。
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引用次数: 0
A Data Collection of Infants’ Visual, Physical, and Behavioral Reactions to a Small Humanoid Robot 婴儿对小型人形机器人的视觉、身体和行为反应的数据收集
Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ARSO.2018.8625800
Rebecca Funke, Naomi T. Fitter, Joyce T. de Armendi, N. Bradley, Barbara Sargent, M. Matarić, Beth A. Smith
Exploratory movements during infancy help typically developing infants learn the connections between their own actions and desired outcomes. In contrast, infants who are at risk for developmental delays often have neuromotor impairments that negatively influence their motivation for movement. The goal of this work is to expand our understanding of infant responses to non-contact interactions with a small humanoid robot. In the initial work presented here, we focus on understanding how this type of robotic system might help to encourage typically developing infant motor exploration. A data collection with N=9 infants compared infant reactions to four robot conditions: saying “yay” with arm movement, saying “kick” with leg movement, saying “yay” with no movement, and saying “kick” with no movement. The results indicate that infants visually gazed at the robot while it moved, looking specifically to the part of the robot that was moving. Infants tended to move more during periods of robot inactivity. When the robot was moving, the infants also seemed more alert. Overall, these results can inform future studies of how to develop interventions to encourage movement practice by typically developing and at-risk infants.
婴儿期的探索性动作有助于典型发育中的婴儿学习自己的行为和期望结果之间的联系。相比之下,有发育迟缓风险的婴儿往往有神经运动障碍,这对他们的运动动机产生了负面影响。这项工作的目标是扩大我们对婴儿与小型人形机器人非接触互动的反应的理解。在这里介绍的初步工作中,我们着重于了解这种类型的机器人系统如何有助于鼓励典型发展的婴儿运动探索。一项针对N=9名婴儿的数据收集比较了婴儿对四种机器人条件的反应:说“耶”时手臂运动,说“踢”时腿部运动,说“耶”时不运动,说“踢”时不运动。结果表明,当机器人移动时,婴儿会在视觉上盯着机器人,特别关注机器人移动的部分。在机器人不活动期间,婴儿往往会动得更多。当机器人移动时,婴儿似乎也更警觉。总的来说,这些结果可以为未来的研究提供信息,研究如何开发干预措施,鼓励正常发育和有风险的婴儿进行运动练习。
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引用次数: 7
A Framework for Real-Time Physical Human-Robot Interaction using Hand Gestures 使用手势的实时物理人机交互框架
Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ARSO.2018.8625753
Osama Mazhar, S. Ramdani, B. Navarro, R. Passama
A physical Human-Robot Interaction (pHRI) framework is proposed using vision and force sensors for a two-way object hand-over task. Kinect v2 is integrated with the state-of-the-art 2D skeleton extraction library namely Openpose to obtain a 3D skeleton of the human operator. A robust and rotation invariant (in the coronal plane) hand gesture recognition system is developed by exploiting a convolutional neural network. This network is trained such that the gestures can be recognized without the need to pre-process the RGB hand images at run time. This work establishes a firm basis for the robot control using hand-gestures. This will be extended for the development of intelligent human intention detection in pHRI scenarios to efficiently recognize a variety of static as well as dynamic gestures.
提出了一种基于视觉和力传感器的人机交互(pHRI)框架。Kinect v2集成了最先进的2D骨骼提取库,即Openpose,以获得人类操作员的3D骨骼。利用卷积神经网络,开发了一种鲁棒的旋转不变性(冠状面)手势识别系统。该网络经过训练,可以在不需要在运行时预处理RGB手部图像的情况下识别手势。这项工作为机器人手势控制奠定了坚实的基础。这将扩展到pHRI场景中智能人类意图检测的开发,以有效识别各种静态和动态手势。
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引用次数: 3
Perceived Effects of Cycle Time in Human-Robot-Interaction 人-机器人交互中周期时间的感知效应
Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ARSO.2018.8625819
Sarah L. Miller-Abdelrazeq, Sebastian Stiehm, Max Haberstroh, F. Hees
Human-robot-interaction is slowly entering manufacturing and is expected to become more common in the future. It considers technological developments and preserves human workplaces at the same time. Robotic interaction can be implemented in lean as well as insular production.This paper analyzes the effects of cycle time in human-robot-interaction. In a pre-posttest-design an interactive assembly task is conducted either with cycle time or with self-determined pace. Results show significant differences in perceived task load. On the arousal or pleasure level, no effects of condition can be found. The results suggest that cycle time in human-robot-interaction induces temporal demand, frustration, effort, and a feeling of not being satisfied with their own performance.
人机交互正在慢慢进入制造业,并有望在未来变得更加普遍。它考虑到技术的发展,同时保护人类的工作场所。机器人交互可以在精益生产和孤立生产中实现。本文分析了周期时间对人机交互的影响。在前-后测试设计中,交互式组装任务是按照周期时间或自定速度进行的。结果显示,在感知任务负荷方面存在显著差异。在唤起或愉悦水平上,没有发现条件的影响。结果表明,人-机器人交互中的循环时间会引起暂时的需求、挫折、努力和对自己的表现不满意的感觉。
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引用次数: 6
Co-designing with kids an educational robot 与孩子们共同设计一个教育机器人
Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ARSO.2018.8625810
Valerio Cietto, Cristina Gena, Ilaria Lombardi, Claudio Mattutino, Chiara Vaudano
In this paper we report the methodology and the main results obtained in a co-design session with kids. We involved kids as co-designer helping us in shaping form and behavior of an educational robot we are developing in our HCI lab.
在本文中,我们报告了在与儿童共同设计会议中获得的方法和主要结果。我们让孩子们作为共同设计师帮助我们塑造我们在HCI实验室开发的教育机器人的形状和行为。
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引用次数: 28
Sex differences in expectations and perception of a social robot 对社交机器人的期望和感知的性别差异
Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ARSO.2018.8625826
Gloria Beraldo, S. Battista, S. Badaloni, E. Menegatti, M. Pivetti
In this paper we investigate how the human sex could influence the perception of a social robot, supposed neutral and without applying possible manipulations. In addition we explore the kind of human-like actions people expect from a robot. We analyse twelve typical stereotypically male, female and neutral tasks in order to evaluate the possible interaction between the participant's sex and the robot's sex assignment. More precisely we study which of them, people consider a social robot able to do, could be useful for humans and/or they would like the robot to perform. In this regard, we found that the robot was perceived as more suitable in terms of usefulness for communication functions which include speaking, listening, talking, consistently with the human adjectives used by the participants to describe it (amiable, exhilarated, sociable, kind, sweet and brazen). The study involves young people, aged 19 years and older, who are not familiar with robotics.
在本文中,我们研究了人类性别如何影响社会机器人的感知,假设中立,不应用可能的操纵。此外,我们还探索了人们对机器人的期望。我们分析了12个典型的男性、女性和中性任务,以评估参与者的性别和机器人的性别分配之间可能的相互作用。更准确地说,我们研究的是人们认为社交机器人能够做的事情中,哪些对人类有用,或者他们希望机器人去做。在这方面,我们发现机器人被认为更适合沟通功能,包括说话、倾听、交谈,与参与者用来描述它的人类形容词(和蔼可亲、兴奋、善于交际、善良、甜蜜和厚颜无耻)一致。这项研究涉及19岁及以上的年轻人,他们不熟悉机器人技术。
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引用次数: 10
Challenges and Requirements for Employee Qualification in the Context of Human-Robot-Collaboration 人机协作背景下员工资格的挑战与要求
Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ARSO.2018.8625850
Lea M. Daling, Stefan Schröder, Max Haberstroh, F. Hees
The introduction of new forms of work within the ongoing development of Industry 4.0 and its technical implementation requires rethinking the concept of employee qualification. Since new technology, skills and competencies in future production are particularly related to increasing interaction with machines such as human-robot-collaboration, a closer investigation of qualification needs in this field is implicated. Based on literature review, this paper presents an overview on current approaches of employee qualification in the context of Industry 4.0 in order to deduce qualification needs in the domain of human-robot-collaboration. Considering the needs of different target groups and their specific tasks, the transferability of the qualification setting as well as the integration of new technology (such as Augmented and Virtual Reality), a theoretical framework is provided to systematically investigate different conditions of qualification in an experimental setting.
在工业4.0的持续发展及其技术实施中引入新的工作形式需要重新思考员工资格的概念。由于未来生产中的新技术、技能和能力特别与增加与机器的交互有关,例如人机协作,因此需要对该领域的资格需求进行更密切的调查。在文献综述的基础上,本文概述了工业4.0背景下员工资格认证的当前方法,以推断人-机器人协作领域的资格认证需求。考虑到不同目标群体的需求及其具体任务,资格设置的可转移性以及新技术(如增强现实和虚拟现实)的整合,提供了一个理论框架,以系统地研究实验设置中的不同资格条件。
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引用次数: 9
Needy Robots - Designing Requests for Help Using Insights from Social Psychology 需要帮助的机器人——利用社会心理学的见解设计帮助请求
Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ARSO.2018.8625724
Vanessa Budde, Nils Backhaus, P. H. Rosen, S. Wischniewski
Current developments suggest that robots are finding increasing use in people's everyday lives and working environments. However, these environments have been made for humans and are characterized by continuous change. At present, equipping robots with all the necessary skills to perform tasks in these complex environments autonomously appears to be a major challenge. One solution is for the robot to ask for help in overcoming its limitations and fulfilling its tasks. The current literature suggests that some robots are more successful than others in terms of requesting help. Certain influencing factors regarding the effectiveness of a robot's request for help have already been identified, such as ambiguity and politeness. In social psychology, the topic of helping behavior is a subject of discussion under the term prosocial behavior. We therefore conducted a within-subject online experiment, studying the effectiveness of seven requests for help, all of which were derived from prosocial behavior theory. We also studied the effects of perceived politeness and perceived ambiguity. The results indicate that a request for help which is polite, but is not perceived as ambiguous, encourages the greatest degree of willingness to help. The implications for research, design, and theory are also discussed.
目前的发展表明,机器人在人们的日常生活和工作环境中越来越多地使用。然而,这些环境是为人类创造的,其特点是不断变化。目前,为机器人配备在这些复杂环境中自主执行任务所需的所有技能似乎是一项重大挑战。一种解决方案是让机器人寻求帮助,以克服其局限性并完成其任务。目前的文献表明,在请求帮助方面,一些机器人比其他机器人更成功。已经确定了影响机器人请求帮助有效性的某些因素,例如模糊性和礼貌性。在社会心理学中,帮助行为是一个被称为亲社会行为的讨论主题。因此,我们进行了一项受试者内部在线实验,研究了七种求助的有效性,所有这些求助都来源于亲社会行为理论。我们还研究了感知礼貌和感知歧义的影响。研究结果表明,礼貌而不模棱两可的求助会激发人们最大程度的帮助意愿。对研究、设计和理论的影响也进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 7
An Integrated Approach to Human-Robot-Smart Environment Interaction Interface for Ambient Assisted Living 环境辅助生活的人-机器人-智能环境交互界面集成方法
Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ARSO.2018.8625821
Ha-Duong Bui, N. Chong
This paper presents a novel approach to integrating humans and assistive robots into ECHONET-based smart home environments through a multi-modal user interface, toward mitigating nursing care problems in aging societies. We envision a socially assistive humanoid robot companion as a smart care home interface that will support independent living of the disabled and elderly. Especially, we improve and personalize human-robot interaction by endowing the robot with human-like social skills (i.e. natural language processing, user emotion estimation, etc.). Moreover, universAAL, which is an open platform for Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) solution, is employed to connect various components, devices, and services in the proposed software framework. The ECHONET-based smart home environment, iHouse, with the extended AAL solution provides an efficient way to improve the quality of life of smart home residents. We have confirmed that a humanoid robot companion can gain access to the iHouse network and provide user-requested data and services through verbal and nonverbal interaction with the support of various effective techniques of computational intelligence.
本文提出了一种通过多模态用户界面将人类和辅助机器人集成到基于echonet的智能家居环境中的新方法,以减轻老龄化社会中的护理问题。我们设想一个社会辅助类人机器人伴侣作为智能护理家庭接口,将支持残疾人和老年人的独立生活。特别是,我们通过赋予机器人类似人类的社交技能(如自然语言处理、用户情感估计等)来改进和个性化人机交互。此外,在本文提出的软件框架中,使用了一个开放的环境辅助生活(Ambient Assisted Living, AAL)解决方案平台universAAL来连接各种组件、设备和服务。基于echonet的智能家居环境iHouse,通过扩展的AAL解决方案,为智能家居居民提供了一种有效的方式来提高生活质量。我们已经证实,一个人形机器人同伴可以进入iHouse网络,并在各种有效的计算智能技术的支持下,通过口头和非口头的互动,提供用户请求的数据和服务。
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引用次数: 20
期刊
2018 IEEE Workshop on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (ARSO)
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