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Artificial Neural Network based Cost Estimation of Power Losses in Electricity Distribution System 基于人工神经网络的配电系统损耗成本估算
Pub Date : 2022-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/gpecom55404.2022.9815721
Gökhan Gören, B. Dindar, Ö. Gül
Electrical energy demand is increasing day by day with developing technology and increasing population. The limitation of resources reveals the importance of efficient use of energy. While the electrical energy is delivered to the final consumer, losses occur in the transmission and distribution grids. These losses may be due to technical and non-technical reasons. Higher losses cause more energy to be produced to compensate for this loss, making the system heavy loaded. It increases the cost of electricity and reduces its quality. For these reasons, Turkish Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EMRA) determines the loss-theft ratio of distribution companies with the ceiling price application, which is a penalty-reward method, in order to increase the performance of distribution networks. Due to these regulations, distribution companies make investments in order to improve their loss-theft ratio. The location and cost of losses must be known to predict investment. Due to the variable loads in the networks, it is difficult to measure and store the losses continuously. It requires a large amount of data and it is a time consuming process. The main purpose of this study is to estimate the losses in the distribution grid using artificial neural networks (ANN) instead of calculating them. Thus, an economical and fast methodology has emerged for distribution networks. The forecast results and the actual energy losses in this study are very close. In this study, firstly, the losses in the electricity distribution networks were calculated by using the load loss factor (LLF). With the obtained data set, future predictions were made using artificial neural networks. The costs of the estimated and calculated lost energies were calculated and compared.
随着科技的发展和人口的增加,对电能的需求日益增加。资源的有限性表明了有效利用能源的重要性。当电能被输送到最终用户时,损耗发生在输配网中。这些损失可能是由于技术和非技术原因造成的。更高的损耗会产生更多的能量来补偿这种损耗,从而使系统负荷过重。它增加了电力成本,降低了电力质量。出于这些原因,土耳其能源市场监管局(EMRA)采用惩罚-奖励的方法,通过上限价格的应用来确定配电公司的损失率,以提高配电网络的性能。由于这些规定,流通公司为了提高损失率而进行投资。为了预测投资,必须知道损失的地点和成本。由于电网中的负荷是可变的,因此对损耗进行连续测量和存储比较困难。它需要大量的数据,这是一个耗时的过程。本研究的主要目的是利用人工神经网络(ANN)来估计配电网的损耗,而不是计算损耗。因此,一种经济、快速的配电网方法应运而生。本研究的预测结果与实际能量损失非常接近。在本研究中,首先利用负载损耗因子(LLF)计算配电网的损耗。利用获得的数据集,利用人工神经网络对未来进行预测。计算和比较了估算和计算的损失能量的代价。
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引用次数: 1
Data Driven Approach for Long Term Forecasting of Renewable Energy Generation 可再生能源发电长期预测的数据驱动方法
Pub Date : 2022-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/gpecom55404.2022.9815777
S. Gugaliya, Durgesh D, S. Kumar, A. Sheikh
With the recent issues of the fossil fuels extinction for the electricity generation there is a paradigm shift towards renewable energy sources (RES) based generation. Even though the RES are clean source of energy, it suffers from the issue of intermittency due to the dependency on environmental condition. To address this the paper focuses on the forecasting of solar and wind power generation data using the available data to mitigate the effect of electricity demand-supply mismatch and facilitate the demand-side management program. For achieving this claims the paper implements the Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) algorithm for forecasting the solar and wind generation. The DMD is a strategy for predicting system states by reducing data down into its primary modes, which are derived from a series of training data. The primary modes are useful for determining the system’s behaviour and projecting future states even in a noisy environment. Using the DMD algorithm the RES such as solar and wind energy data is predicted in different test scenarios. To test the effectiveness of prediction algorithm the evaluation metrics are calculated and from the prediction results and the metrics data available it can be claimed that the DMD algorithm performs better in different case scenarios.
随着最近化石燃料发电的灭绝,有一个范式转向可再生能源(RES)为基础的发电。可再生能源虽然是清洁能源,但由于对环境条件的依赖,存在间歇性的问题。为了解决这一问题,本文着重于利用现有数据对太阳能和风能发电数据进行预测,以减轻电力供需不匹配的影响,并促进需求侧管理计划。为了实现这一要求,本文实现了动态模态分解(DMD)算法来预测太阳能和风力发电。DMD是一种通过将数据简化为其主要模式来预测系统状态的策略,这些模式来自一系列训练数据。即使在嘈杂的环境中,主模式对于确定系统的行为和预测未来状态也很有用。利用DMD算法对不同测试场景下的太阳能、风能等RES数据进行了预测。为了验证预测算法的有效性,计算了评估指标,从预测结果和现有指标数据可以看出,DMD算法在不同的情况下表现更好。
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引用次数: 0
A Protection and Operating Scheme Integrated into a Grid-Edge Microgrid 一种集成到电网边缘微电网的保护和运行方案
Pub Date : 2022-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/gpecom55404.2022.9815714
K. Wheeler, Harun Buyukkocabas, Michael Simone, Jia Guo, Elizabeth Lee, Bryan Winger
This paper presents a protection and operating scheme integrated into an installed grid-edge microgrid in rural Western Canada. The scheme employs a centralized controller with relays utilizing traditional overcurrent elements in conjunction with voltage and frequency components to yield efficient protection and operation of the microgrid in both grid and islanded modes. The relays are independent and use a single group of settings removing the need to change based on operating topology. The proposed elements are utilized to handle the drastic differences in fault characteristics when transitioning between grid and islanded modes. The proposed scheme is tested in a laboratory environment with an Omicron test set and SEL relays which confirm its efficacy in the context of this microgrid’s application.
本文提出了一种集成到加拿大西部农村已安装的电网边缘微电网的保护和运行方案。该方案采用集中式控制器和继电器,利用传统的过流元件结合电压和频率元件,在电网和孤岛模式下都能有效地保护和运行微电网。继电器是独立的,使用一组设置,无需根据操作拓扑进行更改。所提出的元素用于处理在网格模式和孤岛模式之间转换时故障特征的巨大差异。该方案在实验室环境中使用Omicron测试装置和SEL继电器进行了测试,证实了其在该微电网应用环境中的有效性。
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引用次数: 1
Market-Clearing Price Forecasting Using Keras in Turkish Day-Ahead Electricity Market 基于Keras的土耳其日前电力市场出清价格预测
Pub Date : 2022-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/gpecom55404.2022.9815603
Mikail Purlu, B. Turkay, Cenk Andic, E. Aydin, Bilal Canol, Burak Kucukaslan
The market-clearing price determined in the electricity market is of great importance for the market players trading in electricity. The market-clearing price constitutes the core of the buying and selling transactions in the electricity market. Knowing what the price of the product, service or commodity to be bought and / or sold would be, provides a great competitive advantage to the relevant party over the person or organization carrying out the relevant commercial activity. It is important to successfully predict the market-clearing price in the market in order to set strategy and game plan and implement risk management. For this purpose, in this study, a model using only publicly available input data on Keras, a deep learning library, is used to predict hourly market-clearing price in Turkish Day-Ahead Electricity Market. Despite the high economic and financial uncertainty and price fluctuations in 2021, the proposed model showed a high performance with a MAPE value of 2.5% and it is clear that the model is successful and applicable in real market conditions.
电力市场确定的出清价格对电力交易的市场主体具有重要意义。市场出清价格是电力市场买卖交易的核心。知道要购买和/或出售的产品、服务或商品的价格将为相关方提供比开展相关商业活动的个人或组织更大的竞争优势。成功预测市场出清价格对于制定策略和博弈计划,实施风险管理具有重要意义。为此,在本研究中,仅使用Keras(一个深度学习库)上公开可用的输入数据的模型,用于预测土耳其日前电力市场的每小时市场出清价格。尽管2021年的经济和金融不确定性和价格波动很大,但所提出的模型显示出高性能,MAPE值为2.5%,很明显,该模型是成功的,适用于实际市场条件。
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引用次数: 1
High-Fidelity Electric Vehicle Energy Consumption Modelling and Investigation of Factors in Driving on Energy Consumption 高保真电动汽车能耗建模及行驶能耗影响因素研究
Pub Date : 2022-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/gpecom55404.2022.9815789
I. Kocaarslan, M. A. Zehir, Ege Uzun, Enes Can Uzun, Mustafa Emin Korkmaz, Yigit Cakiroglu
The ever-growing battery electric vehicle market (BEV) have reached several millions of sales annually, as a result of significant electrification of transport efforts globally. Accurate estimation of energy consumed by BEVs is of major importance especially for charging station selection, route planning and development of energy-efficient driving strategies in both manual and autonomous driving. One of the ways of achieving this is to conduct experiments on real BEVs, which is costly and labor intensive. An alternative to real life experimentation is to design high-fidelity mathematical models for energy consumption of BEVs and feed this model with experimental standardized driving cycles. This study develops and investigates the capabilities and advantages of a generic, detailed, modular BEV model. The effects of wide range of parameters on energy consumption of a BEV are analyzed comprehensively. The study is concluded by discussing the promising potential areas of use of the developed model.
由于全球交通运输电气化的努力,不断增长的电池电动汽车市场(BEV)每年的销量达到数百万辆。准确估计纯电动汽车的能耗对于手动驾驶和自动驾驶的充电站选择、路线规划和节能驾驶策略的制定具有重要意义。实现这一目标的方法之一是在真正的纯电动汽车上进行实验,这是昂贵且劳动密集型的。另一种替代现实生活实验的方法是为纯电动汽车的能耗设计高保真的数学模型,并将实验标准化的驾驶循环输入该模型。本研究开发并探讨了通用的、详细的、模块化的纯电动汽车模型的功能和优势。全面分析了各种参数对纯电动汽车能耗的影响。本文最后讨论了所开发模型的潜在应用领域。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Unicast/Broadcast Switch Over with Regard to Resource Allocation for Future Cellular Networks 基于未来蜂窝网络资源分配的单播/广播切换分析
Pub Date : 2022-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/gpecom55404.2022.9815805
M. Younes, Y. Louét
The number and variety of mobile applications are increasing at an unprecedented and unforeseen rate. To cope with the traffic growth, simultaneous Base Stations (BSs) transmission in broadcast mode will play a particularly important role, as it has been identified as one of the candidate Fifth Generation (5G) technologies, as highlighted in the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) research projects and standard documents. In this context, this paper starts from a scenario of dense BSs deployments and focuses on the study and analysis of the switching threshold between unicast and broadcast cellular downlink transmission modes. Specifically, we provide the threshold number of users per BS at which the broadcast mode becomes more advantageous than the unicast mode in terms of resource utilization. This objective is achieved by considering in the modeling of the cellular network that the location of the BSs is generated according to the Poisson Point Process (PPP) instead of the traditional hexagonal model, taking into account the intercellular interference. This work also addresses the issue of the impact of the variation of some parameters such as the transmission power of the BSs, the density of the BSs, the number of antennas per sector in unicast mode (with beamforming), the size of the simultaneous transmission area in broadcast mode and the outage probability of the system, on the switching threshold under various system conditions.
移动应用程序的数量和种类正以前所未有的速度增长。为了应对流量的增长,广播模式下的同时基站(BSs)传输将发挥特别重要的作用,因为它已被确定为第五代(5G)候选技术之一,正如第三代合作伙伴计划(3GPP)研究项目和标准文件所强调的那样。在此背景下,本文从密集的BSs部署场景出发,重点研究和分析单播和广播蜂窝下行传输模式之间的切换阈值。具体来说,我们提供了每个BS的阈值用户数,在这个阈值上,广播模式在资源利用率方面比单播模式更有优势。在蜂窝网络的建模中,考虑到蜂窝间干扰,根据泊松点过程(PPP)而不是传统的六边形模型生成基站的位置,从而实现了这一目标。这项工作还解决了一些参数变化对各种系统条件下切换阈值的影响问题,如BSs的发射功率、BSs的密度、单播模式(带波束成形)下每个扇区的天线数量、广播模式下同时传输区域的大小和系统的中断概率。
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引用次数: 1
State-of-Charge Balancing Control in Grid-Connected Single-Phase Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Converter Based Battery Storage Systems 并网单相级联h桥多电平变换器电池储能系统的状态平衡控制
Pub Date : 2022-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/gpecom55404.2022.9815791
F. Eroǧlu, M. Kurtoglu, A. Eren, Ahmet Mete Vural
Battery state-of-charges (SOCs) in a cascaded H-bridge multilevel converter (CHB-MLC) based battery storage systems (BSSs) may vary since electrochemical characteristics of batteries may differ. Consequently, efficiency and capacity of BSS drops drastically. Hence, SOC balancing is needed in CHB-MLC based BSSs. In this paper, a phase-shifted pulse width modulation (PS-PWM) based battery SOC balancing control scheme is proposed for grid-tied single-phase CHB-MLC based BSS. Moreover, a synchronous reference frame based bidirectional power flow control is utilized and unity power factor operation is obtained. Effective performance of the suggested BSS is tested and evaluated under different types of loads along with SOC imbalances. It is observed that while SOC balancing is accomplished successfully, active power flow is controlled and unity power factor operation is sustained.
由于电池的电化学特性不同,基于级联h桥多电平变换器(CHB-MLC)的电池存储系统(bss)中的电池充电状态(soc)可能会发生变化。因此,BSS的效率和容量急剧下降。因此,在基于CHB-MLC的bss中需要SOC平衡。针对并网单相CHB-MLC BSS,提出了一种基于相移脉宽调制(PS-PWM)的电池荷电状态平衡控制方案。利用同步参考系的双向潮流控制,实现了功率因数的统一运行。在不同类型的负载和SOC失衡情况下,对所建议的BSS的有效性能进行了测试和评估。结果表明,在成功实现荷电平衡的同时,有功潮流得到控制,单位功率因数运行得以维持。
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引用次数: 0
Real Time Implementation of the PMSM Sensorless Control Based on FOC Strategy 基于FOC策略的永磁同步电机无传感器控制实时实现
Pub Date : 2022-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/gpecom55404.2022.9815684
C. Nicola, M. Nicola
This article presents the development stages of the real-time implementation for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) control system. The control structures specific to the Field Oriented Control (FOC) strategy, the hardware elements, and the software programming environments used are presented. These stages can be presented in a chained manner in the form of stages such as: Model-In-the-Loop (MIL), Software-In-the-Loop (SIL), Processor-In-the-Loop (PIL), and Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL). Moreover, in addition to the presentation of these stages, the article also presents the identification and tuning stages inherent to any control system. The results obtained in each of these stages are presented, the final goal being the study of the evolution in real-time of the performance of the PMSM control system.
本文介绍了永磁同步电机(PMSM)控制系统实时实现的发展阶段。介绍了面向现场控制策略的控制结构、硬件组成和软件编程环境。这些阶段可以以链式的方式以阶段的形式呈现,例如:模型在环(MIL)、软件在环(SIL)、处理器在环(PIL)和硬件在环(HIL)。此外,除了介绍这些阶段之外,本文还介绍了任何控制系统固有的识别和调谐阶段。给出了在每个阶段得到的结果,最终目标是研究永磁同步电机控制系统性能的实时演变。
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引用次数: 2
Experimental Impact Analysis of the Refrigerator Cable Distributions on Conducted Electromagnetic Emission 电冰箱电缆分布对传导电磁辐射影响的实验分析
Pub Date : 2022-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/gpecom55404.2022.9815723
Arda Maro, Gokturk Poyrazoglu
As the number of electronic devices in our daily lives increases day by day, the risk of electromagnetic interference (EMI) between the devices and between the device and the grid increases. Refrigerators are the only devices found in almost every home and work non-stop. For this reason, refrigerators have importance in terms of electromagnetic interference. Three refrigerators with different cable distributions have been prepared for this research. Conducted emission tests have been performed for phase lines and neutral lines to examine the impact of the cable distributions on EMI. In some cases, separation of AC and DC cables improved the noise values by around 2-4 dB at most of the frequencies; however, in some cases, the results were so worse that the product failed the test.
随着我们日常生活中电子设备的日益增多,设备之间以及设备与电网之间产生电磁干扰的风险也越来越大。冰箱是几乎每个家庭都能找到的唯一不间断工作的设备。因此,冰箱在电磁干扰方面具有重要意义。为此研究准备了3台不同电缆分布的电冰箱。对相线和中性线进行了发射测试,以检查电缆分布对电磁干扰的影响。在某些情况下,在大多数频率下,交流和直流电缆的分离使噪声值提高了约2-4 dB;然而,在某些情况下,结果非常糟糕,以至于产品无法通过测试。
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引用次数: 0
Capacitor voltage control of PV based quasi-z-source inverter 基于准z源逆变器的电容电压控制
Pub Date : 2022-06-14 DOI: 10.1109/gpecom55404.2022.9815698
Arvind Yadav, M. Bajaj, F. Jurado, S. Kamel
With use of appropriate power converter renewable energy utilization can be increased many folds. Quasi-z-source inverter shows unconventional boosting with single stage power conversion. In this paper, effect of PV array output voltage variation is mitigated with appropriate closed loop control. Small signal models for the dc and ac sides are developed, and the influence of impedance network passive element size selection on the output control transfer function is investigated. The component size of the quasi-z-source inverter’s impedance network is designed to provide an underdamped response. Closed loop control is used to maintain a consistent dc-link voltage by regulating the capacitor voltage. At the dc and ac sides, the shoot-through duty ratio and modulation index are regulated, and the closed loop control’s effectiveness is evaluated for a step change in PV array output. The obtained outcomes support the described methodology for PV-based quasi-z-source inverter setup.
通过使用适当的电源转换器,可再生能源的利用率可以提高许多倍。准z源逆变器采用单级功率转换,实现了非常规的升压。本文通过适当的闭环控制来减轻光伏阵列输出电压变化的影响。建立了直流侧和交流侧的小信号模型,研究了阻抗网络无源元件尺寸选择对输出控制传递函数的影响。准z源逆变器阻抗网络的元件尺寸设计为提供欠阻尼响应。闭环控制是通过调节电容电压来保持直流电压的一致性。在直流侧和交流侧,对穿透比和调制指数进行了调节,并对光伏阵列输出的阶跃变化进行了闭环控制的有效性评估。所得结果支持所描述的基于pv的准z源逆变器设置方法。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2022 4th Global Power, Energy and Communication Conference (GPECOM)
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