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COVID-19 vaccine online misinformation in Fiji: Preliminary findings 斐济的COVID-19疫苗在线错误信息:初步调查结果
IF 0.5 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.24135/pjr.v27i1and2.1189
Romitesh Kant, Rufino Varea, Jason Titifanue
Digital media, opens a vast array of avenues for lay people to effectively engage with news, information and debates about important science and health issues. However, they have also become a fertile ground for various stakeholders to spread misinformation and disinformation, stimulate uncivil discussions and engender ill-informed, dangerous public decisions. During the COVID-19 pandemic, antivaccination social media accounts are proliferating online, threatening to further escalate vaccine hesitancy. The pandemic signifies not only a global health crisis, it has also proven to be an infodemic characterised by many conspiracy theories. Prior research indicates that belief in health-related conspiracies can harm efforts to curtail the spread of a virus. This article presents and examines preliminary research findings on COVID-19 vaccine related misinformation being circulated on Fijian Facebook Forums.
数字媒体为非专业人员有效地参与有关重要科学和卫生问题的新闻、信息和辩论开辟了大量途径。然而,它们也成为各种利益相关者传播错误信息和虚假信息的肥沃土壤,激发不文明的讨论,并产生不知情的危险公共决策。在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,反疫苗社交媒体账户在网上激增,有可能进一步加剧对疫苗接种的犹豫。这场大流行不仅标志着一场全球健康危机,而且已被证明是一场以许多阴谋论为特征的信息大流行。先前的研究表明,相信与健康有关的阴谋论会损害遏制病毒传播的努力。本文介绍并审查了斐济Facebook论坛上流传的与COVID-19疫苗相关的错误信息的初步研究结果。
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引用次数: 3
Watchdogs under pressure: Pacific Islands journalists’ demographic profiles and professional views 压力下的监管机构:太平洋岛国记者的人口概况和专业观点
IF 0.5 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.24135/pjr.v27i1and2.1164
S. Singh, F. Hanusch
While global scholarship on journalists’ professional views has expanded tremendously over recent decades, the Pacific Islands remains somewhat of a blind spot, with only sporadic research. To address this gap in our knowledge, this study reports the results of a comprehensive survey of 206 Pacific Islands journalists in nine countries, providing a much-needed update of journalists’ demographic profiles, role conceptions, ethical views and perceived influences. Our analysis finds that while journalists are now older, more experienced and better educated than 30 years ago, they are still younger and less well-educated than their counterparts in many other parts of the globe. In the digital age, some old challenges persist in relation to their roles: While journalists are committed to holding power to account and aiding in the development of their countries, they continue to face political and economic challenges that make their tasks difficult and sometimes even perilous.
近几十年来,关于记者职业观点的全球学术研究有了巨大的发展,但太平洋岛屿在某种程度上仍然是一个盲点,只有零星的研究。为了弥补这一知识缺口,本研究报告了对9个国家的206名太平洋岛国记者的全面调查结果,提供了记者人口概况、角色概念、道德观点和感知影响方面急需的最新信息。我们的分析发现,虽然与30年前相比,现在的记者年龄更大,经验更丰富,受教育程度更高,但与全球许多其他地区的同行相比,他们仍然更年轻,受教育程度更低。在数字时代,与他们的角色相关的一些老挑战仍然存在:记者虽然致力于向权力问责并帮助其国家的发展,但他们继续面临政治和经济挑战,使他们的任务变得困难,有时甚至危险。
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引用次数: 3
REVIEW: Truly critical and honest appraisals of The Guardian’s record as a guardian of power still needed 评论:我们仍然需要对《卫报》作为权力守护者的记录进行真正批判性和诚实的评价
IF 0.5 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.24135/pjr.v27i1and2.1175
David Edwards
Capitalism’s Conscience: 200 Years of the Guardian, edited by Des Freedman. London: Pluto Press. 2021, 320 pages. ISBN 9780745343341; 9780745343358 A collection of essays, Capitalism’s Conscience—200 Years of the Guardian, has been recently published. Edited by Des Freedman, professor of media and communications at Goldsmiths, University of London, the volume notes that Guardian editor Kath Viner promised that her newspaper would ‘challenge the economic assumptions of the last three decades’, ‘challenge the powerful’ and ‘use clarity and imagination to build hope’. Freedman says the book ‘seeks to examine these claims’ (Freedman, 2021, x). The collection of essays, mostly contributed by media academics, is published by Pluto Press, which has published all three Media Lens books; most recently, Propaganda Blitz, in 2018. Several good reasons for not criticising a book published by one’s own publisher can be found in Tolstoy’s list, but the academic filtering of truth is a key issue that cries out for honest discussion. This essay by three prominent journalists critiques Capitalism’s Conscience and concludes there is a pressing need for truly critical and honest appraisals of The Guardian’s record as a guardian of power  
资本主义的良心:《卫报》200年的历史,德斯·弗里德曼编辑。伦敦:冥王星出版社,2021,320页。ISBN 9780745343341;最近出版了一本论文集《资本主义的良知——200年的守护者》。《卫报》的主编德斯·弗里德曼是伦敦大学金史密斯学院的媒体与传播学教授。该书指出,《卫报》的编辑凯斯·维纳曾承诺,她的报纸将“挑战过去三十年的经济假设”,“挑战权势”,并“用清晰和想象力来构建希望”。弗里德曼说,这本书“试图检验这些说法”(弗里德曼,2021年,x)。这本文集主要由媒体学者撰写,由冥王星出版社出版,该出版社出版了所有三本媒体镜头书;最近一次是2018年的“宣传闪电战”。托尔斯泰列出了几个不批评自己出版商出版的书的好理由,但学术上对真相的过滤是一个迫切需要诚实讨论的关键问题。这篇由三位著名记者撰写的文章对《资本主义的良心》进行了批判,并得出结论,迫切需要对《卫报》作为权力守护者的记录进行真正批判性和诚实的评价
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引用次数: 0
Spreading (dis)trust in Fiji? Exploring COVID-19 misinformation on Facebook forums 在斐济散播信任?探索Facebook论坛上的COVID-19错误信息
IF 0.5 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.24135/pjr.v27i1and2.1166
Romitesh Kant, Rufino Varea
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant challenges for the health system across the globe and fueled the surge of numerous rumours, hoaxes, and misinformation regarding outcomes, prevention and cure of the virus.  The COVID-19 pandemic has also had severe political, economic and societal effects and affected media and communication systems in unprecedented ways. While traditional journalism has tried to adapt to the rapidly evolving situation, alternative news media on the internet have given the events an ideological spin. These voices have been criticised for furthering societal confusion and spreading potentially dangerous ‘fake news’ or conspiracy theories via social media and other online channels. The impact of the disease and the lack of information associated with it have allowed medical misinformation to rapidly surface and propagate on various social media platforms. Previous studies have highlighted a similar trend during recent public health emergencies, mainly the Ebola and Zika outbreaks. Such a phenomenon is alarming on both individual and public health levels to the extent that governments are realising the gravity and attempting to limit its effects. This article offers a unique perspective because it provides data-driven qualitative insights into Fijian Facebook posts related to infectious disease outbreaks. This study aims to understand public views and opinions on Fijian social media during the height of the pandemic in 2020 and to outline potential implications for health information.
COVID-19大流行给全球卫生系统带来了重大挑战,并助长了有关该病毒的结果、预防和治疗的大量谣言、骗局和错误信息的激增。COVID-19大流行还产生了严重的政治、经济和社会影响,并以前所未有的方式影响了媒体和通信系统。虽然传统新闻业试图适应迅速变化的形势,但互联网上的另类新闻媒体给这些事件带来了意识形态上的影响。这些声音被批评为加剧社会混乱,并通过社交媒体和其他在线渠道传播潜在危险的“假新闻”或阴谋论。这种疾病的影响以及缺乏与之相关的信息,使得医疗错误信息迅速浮出水面,并在各种社交媒体平台上传播。此前的研究强调,在最近的突发公共卫生事件中,主要是埃博拉和寨卡病毒的爆发,也出现了类似的趋势。这种现象在个人和公共健康层面都令人担忧,各国政府正在意识到其严重性并试图限制其影响。这篇文章提供了一个独特的视角,因为它对斐济Facebook上与传染病爆发有关的帖子提供了数据驱动的定性见解。本研究旨在了解公众在2020年大流行高峰期对斐济社交媒体的看法和意见,并概述对卫生信息的潜在影响。
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引用次数: 4
Crisis communication and COVID-19: Covering two Pacific tragedies with storytelling 危机沟通和COVID-19:用故事讲述太平洋的两个悲剧
IF 0.5 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.24135/pjr.v27i1and2.1203
D. Robie
Frontline journalism in the age of COVID-19 has posed particular challenges in dealing with personal risk, tackling an ‘infodemic’ of misinformation, and providing valuable news that can be used in vulnerable Pacific countries that have struggled with soaring infections and limited health infrastructure and resources. Five Pacific countries or territories have borne the brunt of the coronavirus pandemic—Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Papua New Guinea, and Timor-Leste. This article introduces two examples of public health storytelling in crisis communication, one being a pregnant Papua New Guinea woman who walked 25 kilometres to the nearest hospital—and died on reaching her destination; the other a pregnant Fijian nurse who died after battling COVID-19.  
2019冠状病毒病时代的一线新闻工作在应对个人风险、应对错误信息的“信息泛滥”以及提供可用于脆弱的太平洋国家的有价值新闻方面提出了特殊挑战,这些国家正在努力应对感染飙升、卫生基础设施和资源有限的问题。五个太平洋国家或地区在冠状病毒大流行中首当其冲:斐济、法属波利尼西亚、关岛、巴布亚新几内亚和东帝汶。本文介绍了在危机沟通中讲公共卫生故事的两个例子,其中一个是巴布亚新几内亚的一名孕妇,她步行25公里去最近的医院,但在到达目的地时死亡;另一名是一名怀孕的斐济护士,她在与COVID-19作斗争后死亡。
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引用次数: 0
The journalist’s ‘toolbox’ of competencies in the Digital-Global Age: Reflections on the global state of research 数字全球时代记者的能力“工具箱”:对全球研究状况的反思
IF 0.5 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.24135/pjr.v27i1and2.1080
Pauline Gidget Estella
The different crises that journalism continues to face worldwide make it imperative to talk about the journalist’s ‘toolbox’, a set of competencies that journalists must have in this so-called age of disruption. This article maps the global state of research on journalistic competence, offers ways of conceptualising journalistic competencies and provides the necessary context by which the development of the competency construct can be understood.  What are the approaches in studying journalistic competence and what perspectives are dominant, clashing, or need to be challenged? The state of research shows an imbalance in perspectives: Studies on journalistic competencies are concentrated in US, Europe, and the Nordic states. The environments beyond the Western context or the ‘Global North’, so to speak, continue to be underrepresented, despite a strong research and journalism tradition unique to some of the Global South regions. Secondly, the industry perspective continues to dominate the discourse, although it has been described as hostile to innovation and critical reflection. The article ends with a call not just to further define and theorise journalistic competencies, but also to de-westernise the discourse.
新闻业在世界范围内继续面临不同的危机,因此有必要讨论记者的“工具箱”,即记者在这个所谓的颠覆时代必须具备的一套能力。本文描绘了新闻能力研究的全球现状,提供了概念化新闻能力的方法,并提供了理解新闻能力结构发展的必要背景。研究新闻能力的方法有哪些?哪些观点占主导地位、相互冲突或需要挑战?研究现状显示出观点的不平衡:对新闻能力的研究主要集中在美国、欧洲和北欧国家。可以说,在西方背景或“全球北方”之外的环境,尽管在一些全球南方地区有着强大的研究和新闻传统,但仍然没有得到充分的代表。其次,行业视角继续主导着话语,尽管它被描述为对创新和批判性反思的敌意。文章最后呼吁不仅要进一步定义和理论化新闻能力,而且要去西方化话语。
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引用次数: 1
A meta-analysis of hate speech in Indonesia: The yielding of an academic discourse to the discourse of authority 印度尼西亚仇恨言论的元分析:学术话语对权威话语的屈服
IF 0.5 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.24135/pjr.v27i1and2.1167
Justito Adiprasetio, Detta Rahmawan, K. Wibowo
This article focuses on academic publication on hate speech within Indonesia’s scholarly context. The authors analyse the ongoing discourse on hate speech by conducting a meta-analysis method on Garuda, an official website designed for repository of scholarly publications in Indonesia. By examined 143 scientific articles, this study found that most studies refer to the definition of hate speech from the Circular No. SE/06/X2015 on hate speech issued by the Indonesian National Police which shows how most Indonesian academics were comfortable in using limited perspectives on hate speech. Furthermore, the variety of the studies on hate speech comes from law or legal studies and communication or da'wah communication. Most Indonesia academics also conducted studies on hate speech with a juridical normative approach, as well as qualitative research. Intriguingly, some studies have been done with unclear method and approaches. Academics ideally should serve as one of the critics for people in power and government apparatus, for example by continuing to question how hate speech is studied, including in the context of its definition and how it affects the implementation in Indonesia. Hence, the authors urged Indonesian academics to do more studies on hate speech from various backgrounds with more rigorous and various research methods to be able to expand the knowledge on hate speech cases in Indonesia.
本文关注的是印尼学术背景下关于仇恨言论的学术出版物。作者通过对Garuda(一个专为印度尼西亚学术出版物库而设计的官方网站)进行元分析方法,分析了正在进行的关于仇恨言论的论述。通过对143篇科学论文的分析,本研究发现,大多数研究都参考了《中华人民共和国国务院关于仇恨言论的通知》的定义。SE/06/X2015关于印度尼西亚国家警察发布的仇恨言论,其中显示大多数印度尼西亚学者对仇恨言论使用有限的观点感到满意。此外,仇恨言论研究的多样性来自法律或法律研究和传播或“大”传播。大多数印度尼西亚学者还以司法规范方法和定性研究对仇恨言论进行了研究。有趣的是,一些研究的方法和途径并不明确。理想情况下,学者应该成为当权者和政府机构的批评者之一,例如,继续质疑仇恨言论的研究方式,包括其定义的背景,以及它如何影响印度尼西亚的实施。因此,作者敦促印尼学者从不同的背景对仇恨言论进行更多的研究,以更严格和更多样化的研究方法,以扩大对印尼仇恨言论案件的认识。
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引用次数: 2
The weather is never neutral: Then and now 天气从来不是中性的:过去和现在
IF 0.5 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.24135/pjr.v27i1and2.1177
Jeremy Rees
Reporting on the weather may seem at first glance to be a very light story, but it can actually be a serious reflection of how we see ourselves and our changing perception of the world. In 1996, the author embarked on a light-hearted survey of 23 daily papers to find what New Zealand newspapers’ weather reports said about their attitudes to the world. In the middle of the 2020 COVID lockdown he re-ran the survey to see what had changed.    
乍一看,天气预报似乎是一个非常轻松的故事,但实际上,它可以严肃地反映出我们如何看待自己,以及我们对世界不断变化的看法。1996年,作者对23家日报进行了一项轻松愉快的调查,以发现新西兰报纸的天气报道反映了他们对世界的态度。在2020年COVID封锁期间,他重新进行了调查,看看发生了什么变化。
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引用次数: 0
Digital divide: Mobile internet speeds in the Pacific 数字鸿沟:太平洋地区的移动互联网速度
IF 0.5 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.24135/pjr.v27i1and2.1168
Amanda H A Watson, Rohan Fox
This article outlines mobile internet speeds experienced by 15 smartphone users in the Pacific region. It presents new quantitative data collected over a six-month-long period. The data were collected in order to provide a comparison of places and to look for trends over time. The research was adjusted for confounding factors like weather and building type. The findings indicate substantial differences between the internet speeds and reliability experienced in Australian cities compared to the readings in Pacific Island locations. Over the six-month-long period, there were no substantial improvements or decreases in internet speeds at any of the included locations. This finding takes into account changes in weather, time of day and surroundings. As expected, clear skies and outdoor settings were positively associated with faster internet speeds, compared to rainy periods and indoor readings in the same geographical areas.
本文概述了太平洋地区15个智能手机用户体验到的移动互联网速度。它展示了在长达六个月的时间里收集的新的定量数据。收集这些数据是为了提供一个地方的比较,并寻找随着时间的变化趋势。这项研究还根据天气和建筑类型等混杂因素进行了调整。研究结果表明,与太平洋岛屿地区相比,澳大利亚城市的互联网速度和可靠性存在巨大差异。在长达六个月的时间里,在任何一个被调查的地点,网速都没有实质性的提高或下降。这一发现考虑了天气、时间和周围环境的变化。正如预期的那样,与同一地理区域的雨季和室内数据相比,晴朗的天空和室外环境与更快的互联网速度呈正相关。
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引用次数: 2
REVIEW: Like the pandemic, climate action is urgent 回顾:与大流行病一样,气候行动迫在眉睫
IF 0.5 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.24135/pjr.v27i1and2.1194
D. Robie
Climate Aotearoa: What’s happening and what we can do about it, edited by Helen Clark. Auckland: Allen & Unwin, 2021. 327 pages. ISBN 9781988547633 WHEN the publication of Climate Aotearoa was heralded by Radio New Zealand in April 2021 it was featured along with a striking image and a quote from the collection editor, former prime minister Helen Clark. The illustration by Vinay Ranchhod was a dazzling red lobster in a boiling pot. 'I would liken [the challenge of climate change] to being the lobster in the pot and the pot starts to heat, and by the time it’s realised it’s being cooked, it’s too late to change. Its fate is sealed. 'That’s in essence the message: you’ve got time to act, the window is closing. And if you don’t, you’re going to get over those tipping points from which there’s no return.' (‘Time for action’, 2021)
《气候在线:正在发生什么,我们能做些什么》,海伦·克拉克主编。奥克兰:Allen & Unwin, 2021。327页。Vinay Ranchhod的插图是一只耀眼的红色龙虾在沸腾的锅里。“我把(气候变化的挑战)比作锅里的龙虾,当锅开始加热时,当它意识到自己被煮熟了,改变已经太晚了。”它的命运已注定。从本质上讲,这传递的信息是:你有时间采取行动,时机正在关闭。如果你不这样做,你就会越过那些没有回头的临界点。(《行动的时刻》,2021年)
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引用次数: 0
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Pacific Journalism Review
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