Pub Date : 1990-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1990.201129
R. J. Lay, J. Taylor, G. Brunins
Forty L-band three dimensional radars will be deployed on the periphery of the United States for joint use by the United States Air Force and the Federal Aviation Administration. The unattended radar system is designed to scan a range of 250 nautical miles up to an altitude of 100000 feet with look-down capability from high sites. The radar must detect fast, small-radar cross-section aircraft in a realistic man-made and natural interference environment (including up to 65000 flocks of birds), while minimizing false alarms. The radar also must generate weather intensity contours. The detection of aircraft over surface clutter, control of alarms due to birds, and performance imposed by the antenna are discussed, and the ARSR-4 characteristics are given.<>
{"title":"ARSR-4: unique solutions to long-recognized radar problems","authors":"R. J. Lay, J. Taylor, G. Brunins","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1990.201129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1990.201129","url":null,"abstract":"Forty L-band three dimensional radars will be deployed on the periphery of the United States for joint use by the United States Air Force and the Federal Aviation Administration. The unattended radar system is designed to scan a range of 250 nautical miles up to an altitude of 100000 feet with look-down capability from high sites. The radar must detect fast, small-radar cross-section aircraft in a realistic man-made and natural interference environment (including up to 65000 flocks of birds), while minimizing false alarms. The radar also must generate weather intensity contours. The detection of aircraft over surface clutter, control of alarms due to birds, and performance imposed by the antenna are discussed, and the ARSR-4 characteristics are given.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":441674,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Conference on Radar","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126089146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1990.201159
H. Helmken, M. Vanderhill
A very low grazing angle (<0.2 degrees ) sea clutter measurements program was conducted with the L- and S-band TRADEX and C-band ALCOR radars on Roi Namur, Marshall Islands. Clutter returns were observed to the maximum measurement range of 60 km. L-band data could be explained by diffraction over a spherical Earth, but at the higher frequencies ducting was in clear evidence. The average high-amplitude return, associated with sea spikes, persisted on the order of 3 s. The probability density function followed a lognormal, rather than Weibull, distribution. The fact that coherent spectral analyses could be made to a 60 km range, well beyond the horizon, supports a coherent duct model.<>
非常低的掠射角(>
{"title":"Very low grazing angle radar backscatter from the ocean surface","authors":"H. Helmken, M. Vanderhill","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1990.201159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1990.201159","url":null,"abstract":"A very low grazing angle (<0.2 degrees ) sea clutter measurements program was conducted with the L- and S-band TRADEX and C-band ALCOR radars on Roi Namur, Marshall Islands. Clutter returns were observed to the maximum measurement range of 60 km. L-band data could be explained by diffraction over a spherical Earth, but at the higher frequencies ducting was in clear evidence. The average high-amplitude return, associated with sea spikes, persisted on the order of 3 s. The probability density function followed a lognormal, rather than Weibull, distribution. The fact that coherent spectral analyses could be made to a 60 km range, well beyond the horizon, supports a coherent duct model.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":441674,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Conference on Radar","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116716759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1990.201101
Liu Yong Tan, Quan Tai Fan, Qin Ling
The structure and design method of a multitarget robust tracking filter based on the results of previous work is discussed. This filter mainly solves robust tracking for maneuverable targets. This filter consists of fuzzy set estimator and self-tuning estimator. These designs are respectively based on the concepts of fuzzy set theory and the second innovations sequence. Practical application shows that this filter not only meets the need for accuracy but also has good robust performances.<>
{"title":"The research of multi-targets robust tracking filter","authors":"Liu Yong Tan, Quan Tai Fan, Qin Ling","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1990.201101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1990.201101","url":null,"abstract":"The structure and design method of a multitarget robust tracking filter based on the results of previous work is discussed. This filter mainly solves robust tracking for maneuverable targets. This filter consists of fuzzy set estimator and self-tuning estimator. These designs are respectively based on the concepts of fuzzy set theory and the second innovations sequence. Practical application shows that this filter not only meets the need for accuracy but also has good robust performances.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":441674,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Conference on Radar","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129744425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1990.201151
J. D. Hay, E. A. Kerstenbeck, D. Rahn, D. Halayko, G. Painchaud
A solid-state power amplifier has been developed using 100 W S-band silicon bipolar transistors. The amplifier produces a nominal 400 W peak output power from 2.7 GHz to 3.0 GHz, at pulse widths up to 50 mu s, at a 10% maximum duty cycle and 30% efficiency. A high-power planar hybrid combiner was also designed to combine 16 amplifiers to provide a nominal 5 kW RF output power. The isolation between combining ports ensures graceful degradation of output power should individual amplifier modules fail, and allows replacement of the modules during transmitter operation. Higher output powers can be achieved by adding more combining ports to the design or by incorporating a second stage of combining to sum the outputs from several 16-way combiners. The feasibility of solid-state radar transmitter technology at S-band is confirmed.<>
研制了一种采用100 W s波段硅双极晶体管的固态功率放大器。该放大器的标称峰值输出功率为400w，范围为2.7 GHz至3.0 GHz，脉冲宽度达50 μ s，最大占空比为10%，效率为30%。还设计了一个高功率平面混合组合器，将16个放大器组合在一起，提供5 kW的标称射频输出功率。组合端口之间的隔离确保了当单个放大器模块失效时输出功率的优雅退化，并允许在发射机操作期间更换模块。更高的输出功率可以通过在设计中添加更多的组合端口或通过合并第二阶段的组合来求和几个16路组合器的输出来实现。验证了s波段固态雷达发射机技术的可行性
{"title":"The exploratory development of a high power S-band solid state radar transmitter","authors":"J. D. Hay, E. A. Kerstenbeck, D. Rahn, D. Halayko, G. Painchaud","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1990.201151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1990.201151","url":null,"abstract":"A solid-state power amplifier has been developed using 100 W S-band silicon bipolar transistors. The amplifier produces a nominal 400 W peak output power from 2.7 GHz to 3.0 GHz, at pulse widths up to 50 mu s, at a 10% maximum duty cycle and 30% efficiency. A high-power planar hybrid combiner was also designed to combine 16 amplifiers to provide a nominal 5 kW RF output power. The isolation between combining ports ensures graceful degradation of output power should individual amplifier modules fail, and allows replacement of the modules during transmitter operation. Higher output powers can be achieved by adding more combining ports to the design or by incorporating a second stage of combining to sum the outputs from several 16-way combiners. The feasibility of solid-state radar transmitter technology at S-band is confirmed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":441674,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Conference on Radar","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121355478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1990.201197
P. Beasley, A. Stove, B.J. Reits, B. As
A reflected power canceller (RPC) using modern p-i-n diode technology which enables a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar to operate using a single antenna for transmission and reception is described. Results are presented which demonstrate that such a canceller solves the problems for many CW-type radars over large RF bandwidths (i.e. >2 GHz at X-band). The RPC has been successfully installed into the Bofors/Signal PILOT FMCW tactical navigation radar. Results from sea trials are presented.<>
介绍了一种采用现代p-i-n二极管技术的反射功率消去器(RPC)，它使调频连续波(FMCW)雷达能够使用单一天线进行发射和接收。结果表明，这种消除器解决了许多cw型雷达在大射频带宽(即x波段> 2ghz)上的问题。RPC已经成功地安装到Bofors/Signal PILOT FMCW战术导航雷达中。给出了海试结果。
{"title":"Solving the problems of a single antenna frequency modulated CW radar","authors":"P. Beasley, A. Stove, B.J. Reits, B. As","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1990.201197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1990.201197","url":null,"abstract":"A reflected power canceller (RPC) using modern p-i-n diode technology which enables a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar to operate using a single antenna for transmission and reception is described. Results are presented which demonstrate that such a canceller solves the problems for many CW-type radars over large RF bandwidths (i.e. >2 GHz at X-band). The RPC has been successfully installed into the Bofors/Signal PILOT FMCW tactical navigation radar. Results from sea trials are presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":441674,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Conference on Radar","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121531947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1990.201211
S. Johnston
A number of recent civilian and military Ka-band and millimetric wave radars are discussed. The advantages, such as weights and size reduction, of millimetric wave radars are described. The feasibility of the production of some of these radar systems is examined. It is concluded that recent advances in millimetric wave technology make solid-state millimetric wave missile guidance systems feasible. The anticipated extremely large volumes expected for this application require reduction in hardware cost.<>
{"title":"Modern millimetric wave radar systems","authors":"S. Johnston","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1990.201211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1990.201211","url":null,"abstract":"A number of recent civilian and military Ka-band and millimetric wave radars are discussed. The advantages, such as weights and size reduction, of millimetric wave radars are described. The feasibility of the production of some of these radar systems is examined. It is concluded that recent advances in millimetric wave technology make solid-state millimetric wave missile guidance systems feasible. The anticipated extremely large volumes expected for this application require reduction in hardware cost.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":441674,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Conference on Radar","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124054055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1990.201191
H. Wang, L. Cai
The problem of achieving the optimum MTI (moving target indicator) detection performance in strong clutter of unknown spectrum when the set of data available for the estimation of clutter statistics is small due to a severely nonhomogeneous environment is studied. A new adaptive implementation, called the Doppler domain localized generalized likelihood ratio processor (DDL-GLR), is proposed, and its detection performance derived. It is shown that the DDL-GLR is a data-efficient implementation of the high-order optimum detector, and that it has several advantages of practical importance over other adaptive processors.<>
{"title":"On adaptive implementation of optimum MTI in severely nonhomogeneous environments","authors":"H. Wang, L. Cai","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1990.201191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1990.201191","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of achieving the optimum MTI (moving target indicator) detection performance in strong clutter of unknown spectrum when the set of data available for the estimation of clutter statistics is small due to a severely nonhomogeneous environment is studied. A new adaptive implementation, called the Doppler domain localized generalized likelihood ratio processor (DDL-GLR), is proposed, and its detection performance derived. It is shown that the DDL-GLR is a data-efficient implementation of the high-order optimum detector, and that it has several advantages of practical importance over other adaptive processors.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":441674,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Conference on Radar","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130225423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1990.201130
James E. Evans, William H. Drury, D. Hynek, T. S. Lee, B. H. Stevens
A number of unique approaches to clutter rejection which have been validated with the terminal Doppler weather radar (TDWR) testbed radar are described. Key aspects of the detection problem are emphasized from the viewpoint of a radar engineer (as opposed to the meteorological and pattern recognition features of the problem). Attention is focused on mainlobe clutter suppression since it is a principal cause of inadequate detection performance. To provide a framework for the TDWR system discussions, the salient features of the low-altitude wind shear detection environment and the pattern recognition algorithms are first described. Some of the system features which arise from ground clutter suppression considerations are then discussed. Clutter due to out-of-trip weather returns is also an important factor in TDWR system engineering due to the trade-off between unambiguous velocity and range (coupled with the (range)/sup -2/ power law for weather echoes). Some of the radar engineering areas which warrant additional investigation are discussed.<>
{"title":"Terminal Doppler weather radar clutter control","authors":"James E. Evans, William H. Drury, D. Hynek, T. S. Lee, B. H. Stevens","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1990.201130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1990.201130","url":null,"abstract":"A number of unique approaches to clutter rejection which have been validated with the terminal Doppler weather radar (TDWR) testbed radar are described. Key aspects of the detection problem are emphasized from the viewpoint of a radar engineer (as opposed to the meteorological and pattern recognition features of the problem). Attention is focused on mainlobe clutter suppression since it is a principal cause of inadequate detection performance. To provide a framework for the TDWR system discussions, the salient features of the low-altitude wind shear detection environment and the pattern recognition algorithms are first described. Some of the system features which arise from ground clutter suppression considerations are then discussed. Clutter due to out-of-trip weather returns is also an important factor in TDWR system engineering due to the trade-off between unambiguous velocity and range (coupled with the (range)/sup -2/ power law for weather echoes). Some of the radar engineering areas which warrant additional investigation are discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":441674,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Conference on Radar","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133531246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1990.201165
R. White, C. Oliver
The two major difficulties associated with SAR (synthetic aperture radar) image change detection are addressed. These are the removal of speckle noise and the registration of information between images. Due to the unpredictable nature of the aircraft track, the problem of image registration is severe in airborne SAR imagery. Autofocus techniques are used to measure residual aircraft motions, thus allowing the production of large geometrically accurate images. The problem of speckle reduction is approached in two ways. The first technique applies an intensity segmentation algorithm to each image. The regions generated by the segmentation are then compared by the change detection algorithm. An alternative approach is to use neural network methods to learn the speckle removal and region generation task. To reduce this problem to a manageable size a factorization method for the multilayer-perceptron has been invented.<>
{"title":"Change detection in SAR imaginery","authors":"R. White, C. Oliver","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1990.201165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1990.201165","url":null,"abstract":"The two major difficulties associated with SAR (synthetic aperture radar) image change detection are addressed. These are the removal of speckle noise and the registration of information between images. Due to the unpredictable nature of the aircraft track, the problem of image registration is severe in airborne SAR imagery. Autofocus techniques are used to measure residual aircraft motions, thus allowing the production of large geometrically accurate images. The problem of speckle reduction is approached in two ways. The first technique applies an intensity segmentation algorithm to each image. The regions generated by the segmentation are then compared by the change detection algorithm. An alternative approach is to use neural network methods to learn the speckle removal and region generation task. To reduce this problem to a manageable size a factorization method for the multilayer-perceptron has been invented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":441674,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Conference on Radar","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134620748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1990.201079
T.L. Sangiolo, L. Spence
The digital data processing and control system of the Haystack long range imaging radar (LRIR) has been replaced with a new, very high speed, large capacity system that features maximum use of state-of-the-art, but off-the-shelf, commercial equipment. The new system enhances the LRIR with advanced real-time control, recording, and imaging, and the modularity of the system allows for future growth or reduction depending on the application. It was designed with sufficient flexibility to allow use in other radars.<>
{"title":"PACS: a processing and control system for the Haystack long range imaging radar","authors":"T.L. Sangiolo, L. Spence","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1990.201079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1990.201079","url":null,"abstract":"The digital data processing and control system of the Haystack long range imaging radar (LRIR) has been replaced with a new, very high speed, large capacity system that features maximum use of state-of-the-art, but off-the-shelf, commercial equipment. The new system enhances the LRIR with advanced real-time control, recording, and imaging, and the modularity of the system allows for future growth or reduction depending on the application. It was designed with sufficient flexibility to allow use in other radars.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":441674,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Conference on Radar","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115501181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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