Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.46903/gjms/20.02.1150
P. Nagarajan, A. Howlader, K. Rangarajalu
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant of concern (VOC) has rapidly expanded worldwide since it first emerged on November 24, 2021, in Southern Africa and has already reached every continent. Many issues surrounding Omicron remain unresolved, including the severity of the disease and the extent to which currently available vaccinations effectively prevent COVID-19 infection. Compared to the previous VOC (Delta version), more mutations were detected, which may address Omicron’s characteristics.
{"title":"OUTBREAK OF SARS-COV-2 OMICRON (B.1.1.529) IN UNION TERRITORY OF PUDUCHERRY, INDIA","authors":"P. Nagarajan, A. Howlader, K. Rangarajalu","doi":"10.46903/gjms/20.02.1150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46903/gjms/20.02.1150","url":null,"abstract":"SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant of concern (VOC) has rapidly expanded worldwide since it first emerged on November 24, 2021, in Southern Africa and has already reached every continent. Many issues surrounding Omicron remain unresolved, including the severity of the disease and the extent to which currently available vaccinations effectively prevent COVID-19 infection. Compared to the previous VOC (Delta version), more mutations were detected, which may address Omicron’s characteristics.","PeriodicalId":44174,"journal":{"name":"Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47588634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.46903/gjms/20.02.1123
Manimekalai Periyasamy, Arvindh Manohar
Methotrexate can cause a range of toxicities. It is usually not life threatening in low dose even when taken for long term. Life threatening complications are usually seen in high dose methotrexate therapy which could even lead to malignancies. Life threatening complications and adverse effects can be seen at any dose except for nephrotoxicity which is most commonly seen in high dose methotrexate treatment. This case report deals with a case of rheumatoid arthritis on long term methotrexate therapy, who unknowingly took excessive dosage of methotrexate leading to myelosuppression. Patient was treated with folinic acid (leucovorin) rescue, G-CSF and a prolonged isolation following which patient improved.
{"title":"METHOTREXATE TOXICITY AS MYELOSUPPRESSION IN 66-YEAR-OLD FEMALE WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IN CHENNAI, TAMIL NADU, INDIA","authors":"Manimekalai Periyasamy, Arvindh Manohar","doi":"10.46903/gjms/20.02.1123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46903/gjms/20.02.1123","url":null,"abstract":"Methotrexate can cause a range of toxicities. It is usually not life threatening in low dose even when taken for long term. Life threatening complications are usually seen in high dose methotrexate therapy which could even lead to malignancies. Life threatening complications and adverse effects can be seen at any dose except for nephrotoxicity which is most commonly seen in high dose methotrexate treatment. This case report deals with a case of rheumatoid arthritis on long term methotrexate therapy, who unknowingly took excessive dosage of methotrexate leading to myelosuppression. Patient was treated with folinic acid (leucovorin) rescue, G-CSF and a prolonged isolation following which patient improved.","PeriodicalId":44174,"journal":{"name":"Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45036463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.46903/gjms/20.02.1135
A. Kannan, S. Muddha, V. Gali
Epithelioid sarcoma is an uncommon kind of sarcoma that often affects young individuals and has a preference for distal upper extremity; forearm and hand. This usually begins as slow-growing, painless tumor. It can also be seen as multiple tumours. Lymphatic channels are the primary routes of dissemination for the disease’s recurrence and spread. Using polygonal cells, a biopsy is the preferred technique of diagnosis. Treatment primarily consists of wide resection. Here, we present a case of epithelioid sarcoma involving the wrist of 52-years old female. It was initially diagnosed by imprint cytology. To make an accurate diagnosis in a case with a unique history, it is necessary to consider the clinical presentation, morphologic examination, and a broad panel of immunohistochemical staining.
{"title":"EPITHELIOID SARCOMA OF WRIST IN 52 YEARS OLD FEMALE IN CHENNAI, INDIA","authors":"A. Kannan, S. Muddha, V. Gali","doi":"10.46903/gjms/20.02.1135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46903/gjms/20.02.1135","url":null,"abstract":"Epithelioid sarcoma is an uncommon kind of sarcoma that often affects young individuals and has a preference for distal upper extremity; forearm and hand. This usually begins as slow-growing, painless tumor. It can also be seen as multiple tumours. Lymphatic channels are the primary routes of dissemination for the disease’s recurrence and spread. Using polygonal cells, a biopsy is the preferred technique of diagnosis. Treatment primarily consists of wide resection.\u0000Here, we present a case of epithelioid sarcoma involving the wrist of 52-years old female. It was initially diagnosed by imprint cytology. To make an accurate diagnosis in a case with a unique history, it is necessary to consider the clinical presentation, morphologic examination, and a broad panel of immunohistochemical staining.","PeriodicalId":44174,"journal":{"name":"Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42140698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.46903/gjms/20.02.1057
A. Albert, Muhammad Qumer, K. Parveen, Kabiru Abdullahi, Muhammad Afzal
Background: Testicular Self Examination (TSE) is a process that examines the consistency and appearance of testis. It is a quick, painless process that takes just three minutes to perform for detecting testicular cancer (TC) in its early stages. Testicular cancer is a significant public health problem, since its incidence rates have steadily climbed globally in, making it the most frequent cancer in men. Objectives: Assessing the knowledge, attitude and practices about Testicular Self-Examination and Testicular Cancer in Male Nursing Students is the objective of this study. Material and Method: A cross sectional study using voluntary sampling technique was used, including four nursing institutes: Lahore School of Nursing, Shalamar Nursing College, Multan College of Nursing and Shahida Islam Nursing College. Results: The knowledge of the participants was poor, the attitude of the participants was negative and unfavorable and the practices of the participants were unsatisfactory regarding Testicular Self Examination and Testicular Cancer among sampled BSN male undergraduate nursing institutes students. Conclusions: The lack of awareness about Testicular Self Examination and Testicular Cancer, as well as the ability to inspect the testicles, were the main reasons for not completing Testicular Self Examination. Improving the dissemination of information will assist to reduce the number of patients who present with advanced stages of Testicular Cancer and the costs associated with their treatment.
{"title":"PERCEPTIONS OF MALE NURSING STUDENTS TOWARDS TESTICULAR SELF-EXAMINATION IN PUNJAB PROVINCE, PAKISTAN","authors":"A. Albert, Muhammad Qumer, K. Parveen, Kabiru Abdullahi, Muhammad Afzal","doi":"10.46903/gjms/20.02.1057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46903/gjms/20.02.1057","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Testicular Self Examination (TSE) is a process that examines the consistency and appearance of testis. It is a quick, painless process that takes just three minutes to perform for detecting testicular cancer (TC) in its early stages. Testicular cancer is a significant public health problem, since its incidence rates have steadily climbed globally in, making it the most frequent cancer in men.\u0000\u0000Objectives: Assessing the knowledge, attitude and practices about Testicular Self-Examination and Testicular Cancer in Male Nursing Students is the objective of this study.\u0000\u0000Material and Method: A cross sectional study using voluntary sampling technique was used, including four nursing institutes: Lahore School of Nursing, Shalamar Nursing College, Multan College of Nursing and Shahida Islam Nursing College.\u0000\u0000Results: The knowledge of the participants was poor, the attitude of the participants was negative and unfavorable and the practices of the participants were unsatisfactory regarding Testicular Self Examination and Testicular Cancer among sampled BSN male undergraduate nursing institutes students.\u0000\u0000Conclusions: The lack of awareness about Testicular Self Examination and Testicular Cancer, as well as the ability to inspect the testicles, were the main reasons for not completing Testicular Self Examination. Improving the dissemination of information will assist to reduce the number of patients who present with advanced stages of Testicular Cancer and the costs associated with their treatment.","PeriodicalId":44174,"journal":{"name":"Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45038523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.46903/gjms/20.02.1127
Uchenna I. Ugah, T. K. Udeani
Background: Carbapenems are broad spectrum β-lactam antibiotics that were introduced in response to the emergence of ESBL-producing Gram-negative bacteria. This study aimed at determining the occurence of carbapenem resistant Enterobacterales isolates among patients attending five tertiary hospitals with southeastern region of Nigeria. Methods: A total of 400 Enterobacterales were isolated from different participants. Carbapenem-resistance was detected using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method with ertapenem, meropenem, imipenem, and doripenem. Results: A total of 117 isolates (29.2%) were resistant to the four carbapenems. When compared among the states, the prevalence were 33.6%, 29.1%, 28.8%, 26.9% and 24.7% for Enugu, Ebonyi, Imo, Anambra and Abia states respectively. The highest resistance was observed among P. mirabilis (52.6%) followed by K. oxytoca (35.7%), S. enterica (35.7%) and K. pneumoniae (33.8%). Conclusion: The overall prevalence was high and this is a cause for concern and urgent need for emergency intervention to forestall widespread emergence of pandrug resistant infections.
{"title":"PREVALENCE OF PHENOTYPIC CARBAPENEM-RESISTANT ENTEROBACTERALES ISOLATES AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION BY SEX, AGE GROUPS, STATE AND SPECIES IN SOUTH-EAST NIGERIA","authors":"Uchenna I. Ugah, T. K. Udeani","doi":"10.46903/gjms/20.02.1127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46903/gjms/20.02.1127","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Carbapenems are broad spectrum β-lactam antibiotics that were introduced in response to the emergence of ESBL-producing Gram-negative bacteria. This study aimed at determining the occurence of carbapenem resistant Enterobacterales isolates among patients attending five tertiary hospitals with southeastern region of Nigeria.\u0000\u0000Methods: A total of 400 Enterobacterales were isolated from different participants. Carbapenem-resistance was detected using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method with ertapenem, meropenem, imipenem, and doripenem.\u0000\u0000Results: A total of 117 isolates (29.2%) were resistant to the four carbapenems. When compared among the states, the prevalence were 33.6%, 29.1%, 28.8%, 26.9% and 24.7% for Enugu, Ebonyi, Imo, Anambra and Abia states respectively. The highest resistance was observed among P. mirabilis (52.6%) followed by K. oxytoca (35.7%), S. enterica (35.7%) and K. pneumoniae (33.8%).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: The overall prevalence was high and this is a cause for concern and urgent need for emergency intervention to forestall widespread emergence of pandrug resistant infections.","PeriodicalId":44174,"journal":{"name":"Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42846494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.46903/gjms/20.02.1146
Z. U. Zahideen, U. Ullah, Imran Ullah, Kiran Javed, Syed Azra
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common bacterial infections leading to significant morbidity, hospital admissions and cost. Our objectives were to determine the distribution of urinary tract infections by sex, age group and type of bacteria in population of Islamabad, Pakistan. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Nephrology, Khan Research laboratories Teaching Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan from June 2018 to May 2020. A sample of182 UTIs cases was selected from population at risk consecutively. Sex, age groups and type of bacteria were variables. All variables were nominal except age group which was ordinal. Distribution was analyzed by count, percentage and confidence intervals for proportion at 95%CL for population. Results: Out of 182 patients with UTIs, 90 (49.45%) were men and 92 (50.55%) women, 19 (10.44%) were in age group 18-40 years, 75 (41.21%) in age group 41-60 years and 88 (48.35%) in age group of >60 years. Most common bacteria was Escherichia coli 116 (63.74%), followed by Klebsiella pneumonia 20 (10.99%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15 (8.24%), Enterococcus faecalis 15 (8.24%), Staphylococcus aureus 7 (3.85%), Proteus mirabilis 4 (2.20%), Acinetobacter 2(1.10%), Enterobacter 2 (1.10%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis 1 (0.54%). Conclusion: In our population, the prevalence of UTIs was similar in men and women, while it was higher in age group >60 years, followed by 41-60 years and 18-40 years. The most common bacteria were E.coli, followed by K.pneumonia, P.aeruginosa, E.faecalis, S.aureus, P.mirabilis, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter and S.epidermidis.
{"title":"DISTRIBUTIONOF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS BY SEX, AGE GROUP AND TYPE OF BACTERIA IN POPULATION OF ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN","authors":"Z. U. Zahideen, U. Ullah, Imran Ullah, Kiran Javed, Syed Azra","doi":"10.46903/gjms/20.02.1146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46903/gjms/20.02.1146","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common bacterial infections leading to significant morbidity, hospital admissions and cost. Our objectives were to determine the distribution of urinary tract infections by sex, age group and type of bacteria in population of Islamabad, Pakistan.\u0000\u0000Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Nephrology, Khan Research laboratories Teaching Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan from June 2018 to May 2020. A sample of182 UTIs cases was selected from population at risk consecutively. Sex, age groups and type of bacteria were variables. All variables were nominal except age group which was ordinal. Distribution was analyzed by count, percentage and confidence intervals for proportion at 95%CL for population.\u0000\u0000Results: Out of 182 patients with UTIs, 90 (49.45%) were men and 92 (50.55%) women, 19 (10.44%) were in age group 18-40 years, 75 (41.21%) in age group 41-60 years and 88 (48.35%) in age group of >60 years. Most common bacteria was Escherichia coli 116 (63.74%), followed by Klebsiella pneumonia 20 (10.99%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15 (8.24%), Enterococcus faecalis 15 (8.24%), Staphylococcus aureus 7 (3.85%), Proteus mirabilis 4 (2.20%), Acinetobacter 2(1.10%), Enterobacter 2 (1.10%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis 1 (0.54%).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: In our population, the prevalence of UTIs was similar in men and women, while it was higher in age group >60 years, followed by 41-60 years and 18-40 years. The most common bacteria were E.coli, followed by K.pneumonia, P.aeruginosa, E.faecalis, S.aureus, P.mirabilis, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter and S.epidermidis.","PeriodicalId":44174,"journal":{"name":"Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45463011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.46903/gjms/20.02.1055
Muhammad Qumer, A. Albert, Hajra Sarwar, Kabiru Abdullahi, M. Afzal
Background: The rapidly expanding global population of elderly adults poses greater need for health-care services in the elderly. The objectives of this study were to determine nursing students’ desire to care for geriatric patients by sex, age groups and marital status in Lahore, Pakistan. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in Lahore School of Nursing, University of Lahore, Pakistan from September 2021-December 2021. Sample of 112 was enrolled. Nursing students’ desire to care for geriatric patients was research variable and sex, age groups (19-21 & 22-25 years) and marital status (single & married) were demographic variables. Mean, range, and SD were used to represent 'normal' data, whereas median, Q1, Q3, and IQR were used to explain skewed data with 95%CI. Hypotheses were tested using independent-samples t-test for normal data and one-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank test & Mann–Whitney U test for skewed data. Results: The observed median score of the sample (3.1667) for nursing students’ desire to care for geriatric patients was statistically significantly lower (p=<0.0001) than expected (3.5) score. The mean score was similar (p=.60) for boys (3.1667) and girls (3.2328). It was higher (p=.003) in age group 21-25 (3.3150) than 19-21 years (3.0777). The median score was similar (p=.182) for single (3.1667) and married (3.0) nursing students. Conclusion: In our population, the nursing students’ desire to care for geriatric patients was lower than expected. It was similar in boys and girls and in single and married students. It was higher in older than younger age group.
{"title":"NURSING STUDENTS’ DESIRE TO CARE FOR GERIATRIC PATIENTS IN LAHORE, PAKISTAN","authors":"Muhammad Qumer, A. Albert, Hajra Sarwar, Kabiru Abdullahi, M. Afzal","doi":"10.46903/gjms/20.02.1055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46903/gjms/20.02.1055","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The rapidly expanding global population of elderly adults poses greater need for health-care services in the elderly. The objectives of this study were to determine nursing students’ desire to care for geriatric patients by sex, age groups and marital status in Lahore, Pakistan.\u0000\u0000Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in Lahore School of Nursing, University of Lahore, Pakistan from September 2021-December 2021. Sample of 112 was enrolled. Nursing students’ desire to care for geriatric patients was research variable and sex, age groups (19-21 & 22-25 years) and marital status (single & married) were demographic variables. Mean, range, and SD were used to represent 'normal' data, whereas median, Q1, Q3, and IQR were used to explain skewed data with 95%CI. Hypotheses were tested using independent-samples t-test for normal data and one-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank test & Mann–Whitney U test for skewed data.\u0000\u0000Results: The observed median score of the sample (3.1667) for nursing students’ desire to care for geriatric patients was statistically significantly lower (p=<0.0001) than expected (3.5) score. The mean score was similar (p=.60) for boys (3.1667) and girls (3.2328). It was higher (p=.003) in age group 21-25 (3.3150) than 19-21 years (3.0777). The median score was similar (p=.182) for single (3.1667) and married (3.0) nursing students. \u0000\u0000Conclusion: In our population, the nursing students’ desire to care for geriatric patients was lower than expected. It was similar in boys and girls and in single and married students. It was higher in older than younger age group.","PeriodicalId":44174,"journal":{"name":"Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48637120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.46903/gjms/20.01.1126
Kanwal Abbas Malik, I. Aziz, Amna Abid, Saadat Ali
Schizophrenia is a complex disorder of polygenic inheritance with a lifetime prevalence of 5-10%. An external study showed that the role of BRCA2 is needed for the normal neurogenesis in mice. Another recent meta-analysis showed that genetic polymorphism of BRCA2 could increase susceptibility to schizophrenia. This study conducted the possible relationship between BRCA2 polymorphisms in schizophrenic patients in participating SAARC (South Asian Association of Regional Corporation) countries (Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Maldives, Bangladesh and Afghanistan). While conducting this review, we collected data from eight SAARC countries. We collected that articles which were published from 1997 to 2020, using PubMed, and NCBI databases to amplify data about the association of BRCA2 polymorphism to schizophrenia patients in SAARC countries. Totally 24 studies were included in this review. We have additionally reviewed fewer studies from other than SAARC countries to support the evidence concerning this issue. Major studies from each SAARC country have identified novel and pathogenic mutations in BRCA2 but have not assessed on BRCA2 polymorphism within schizophrenia patients. Yet, there is no conclusive evidence found regarding the association of BRCA2 polymorphism to schizophrenia.
{"title":"ASSOCIATION OF BRCA2 POLYMORPHISM TO SCHIZOPHRENIA IN SAARC COUNTRIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW","authors":"Kanwal Abbas Malik, I. Aziz, Amna Abid, Saadat Ali","doi":"10.46903/gjms/20.01.1126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46903/gjms/20.01.1126","url":null,"abstract":"Schizophrenia is a complex disorder of polygenic inheritance with a lifetime prevalence of 5-10%. An external study showed that the role of BRCA2 is needed for the normal neurogenesis in mice. Another recent meta-analysis showed that genetic polymorphism of BRCA2 could increase susceptibility to schizophrenia. This study conducted the possible relationship between BRCA2 polymorphisms in schizophrenic patients in participating SAARC (South Asian Association of Regional Corporation) countries (Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Maldives, Bangladesh and Afghanistan). While conducting this review, we collected data from eight SAARC countries. We collected that articles which were published from 1997 to 2020, using PubMed, and NCBI databases to amplify data about the association of BRCA2 polymorphism to schizophrenia patients in SAARC countries. Totally 24 studies were included in this review. We have additionally reviewed fewer studies from other than SAARC countries to support the evidence concerning this issue. Major studies from each SAARC country have identified novel and pathogenic mutations in BRCA2 but have not assessed on BRCA2 polymorphism within schizophrenia patients. Yet, there is no conclusive evidence found regarding the association of BRCA2 polymorphism to schizophrenia.","PeriodicalId":44174,"journal":{"name":"Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47321620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kiramat Ullah, Mubassir Nadir, Samiullah Saddozai, Muhammad Qasim Khan, K. Ahmad, Qasim Khan
Background: Neonatal encephalopathy is a diverse and clinically well-known syndrome. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and determinants of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in perinatal asphyxia population of District Mardan, Pakistan. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Pediatrics, Bacha Khan Medical College, Mardan, Pakistan from 1st January 2017 to 30th June 2017. 160 term neonates with perinatal asphyxia were included. Sex, age groups, gestational age, mode of delivery, weight groups and presence of HIE were variables. Presence of HIE was dependent while five demographic variables were independent variables respectively for five chi-square tests of association. Results: Mean age of sample of 160 infants was 2.537±1.26 (1-7, range 6) days, mean gestational age was 38.681±1.24 weeks and mean weight 3.275±0.36 kg. Out of 160 infants with perinatal asphyxia, 16 (8.16%, 95%CI 7.35-13.46) had HIE (HIE). These positive 16 cases included 11 (6.88%) boys & 5 (3.12%) girls, 15 (9.38%) of 1-3 & one (0.62%) of 4-7 days, 14 (8.75%) of gestational age 37-39 & two (1.25%) of >39 weeks, 15 (9.38%) with vaginal delivery & one (0.62%) with C-section and 14 (8.75%) of ≤3 & two (1.25%) of >3 kg weight groups. There was association between presence of HIE and weight groups, but not with sex, age groups, gestational age and mode of delivery. Conclusion: We found 10% prevalence of HIE in perinatal asphyxia population of District Mardan, Pakistan. The prevalence was higher in boys than girls, in age group 1-3 days than 4-7 days, in gestational age ≤37-39 than >39 weeks, in vaginal than C-section delivery and in weight group ≤3 kg than >3 kg group. There was association between presence of HIE and weight groups, but not with sex, age groups, gestational age and mode of delivery.
{"title":"PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF HYPOXIC-ISCHEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY IN PERINATAL ASPHYXIA POPULATION OF DISTRICT MARDAN, PAKISTAN","authors":"Kiramat Ullah, Mubassir Nadir, Samiullah Saddozai, Muhammad Qasim Khan, K. Ahmad, Qasim Khan","doi":"10.46903/gjms/20.02.863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46903/gjms/20.02.863","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neonatal encephalopathy is a diverse and clinically well-known syndrome. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and determinants of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in perinatal asphyxia population of District Mardan, Pakistan.\u0000\u0000Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Pediatrics, Bacha Khan Medical College, Mardan, Pakistan from 1st January 2017 to 30th June 2017. 160 term neonates with perinatal asphyxia were included. Sex, age groups, gestational age, mode of delivery, weight groups and presence of HIE were variables. Presence of HIE was dependent while five demographic variables were independent variables respectively for five chi-square tests of association.\u0000\u0000Results: Mean age of sample of 160 infants was 2.537±1.26 (1-7, range 6) days, mean gestational age was 38.681±1.24 weeks and mean weight 3.275±0.36 kg. Out of 160 infants with perinatal asphyxia, 16 (8.16%, 95%CI 7.35-13.46) had HIE (HIE). These positive 16 cases included 11 (6.88%) boys & 5 (3.12%) girls, 15 (9.38%) of 1-3 & one (0.62%) of 4-7 days, 14 (8.75%) of gestational age 37-39 & two (1.25%) of >39 weeks, 15 (9.38%) with vaginal delivery & one (0.62%) with C-section and 14 (8.75%) of ≤3 & two (1.25%) of >3 kg weight groups. There was association between presence of HIE and weight groups, but not with sex, age groups, gestational age and mode of delivery.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: We found 10% prevalence of HIE in perinatal asphyxia population of District Mardan, Pakistan. The prevalence was higher in boys than girls, in age group 1-3 days than 4-7 days, in gestational age ≤37-39 than >39 weeks, in vaginal than C-section delivery and in weight group ≤3 kg than >3 kg group. There was association between presence of HIE and weight groups, but not with sex, age groups, gestational age and mode of delivery.","PeriodicalId":44174,"journal":{"name":"Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41881727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.46903/gjms/20.02.1122
Atif Ahmad Khan, H. Khan, Zarak Khan, I. Khan, A. Rahim, Asrar Ur Rahman, Qazi Nida Ur-Rehman, Muhammad Roman, Muhammad Sajjad
Background: Tuberculosis is a major public health problem in developing countries due to the emergence of drug resistance against conventional anti-tuberculosis drugs. Rifampicin is considered to be one of the most potent first-line anti-TB drugs but in most cases, it has lost its efficiency due to bacterial resistance. The objective of this study was to detect the prevalence of rifampicin-resistance and probe mutation in 81bp RRDR of the rpo-B gene in Pulmonary TB patients of District Bannu, Pakistan. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Bannu Medical College, Bannu from March 2021 to June 2021. The samples were collected for the period from January 2014 to December 2018 and the laboratory tests were performed at the District TB facility DHQ hospital Bannu, Pakistan. A total of 1965 sputum samples were processed by Xpert MTB/RIF assay using the standard N-Acetyl-L-cysteine–NaOH technique. Results: Among total 1965 processed cases 1382 were MTB positive and the prevalence of rifampicin-resistant detected (RRD) cases among 1382(70.33%) MTB detected pulmonary isolates was 75(5.6%). The mutation detected in 81bp rpo-β Gene was highest in probe E; 42(56%) followed by B; 16(21%), D 09(12%), A 04(5.3%), C 2(2.66%) and B&D/E&D; 01(1.33%). Conclusion: From the current study, it has been concluded that the prevalence of RRD in Bannu, Pakistan was 5.6% and the most common probe having the highest mutation rate was probe E; 56% followed by B; 21%, D; 12%, A; 5.3%, C; 2.66% and B&D/C&D; 1.33%.
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