The paper reports the first finding of Macrosaccus robiniella (Clemens, 1859) (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) and Obolodiplosis robiniae Haldeman, 1847 (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) on the territory of the Voronezh State Natural Biosphere Reserve. Some features of the biology of the local M. robiniella population are discussed.
Currently, 10–15% of invasive plant species are recorded in alien floras of all inhabited regions of the world, and their proportion is constantly growing. A particular problem is naturalization of alien species in the regions with high levels of endemism and species diversity, such as the Altai Republic. We have been studying the alien flora of the Altai Republic since the beginning of the 21st century. The ranges of 67 invasive species belonging to 57 genera and 20 families have been identified. Most of the species have been known on the territory of the Altai Republic since the 20th century; ten species have penetrated here in the 21st century. The main method of penetration (vector) is accidental introduction. In all areas, at least singly, there are five species: Amaranthus retroflexus, Bunias orientalis, Matricaria discoidea, Melilotus officinalis, Tripleurospermum inodorum. The orographic and climatic features of the area predetermine a greater susceptibility to invasions for the northern regions and a lesser one for the southeastern regions. Eighteen species are distributed only in the northern regions. Almost all species are found Gorno-Altaisk, Maima district; the least number of species are found in Kosh-Agach district, which is characterized by the most severe climatic conditions. Thirty-five species are invasive in Siberia; 11 species are among the hundred most aggressive species in Russia. On the basis of our own long-term research, taking into account the analysis of available publications and stock materials (Herbarium of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Gorno-Altaysk State University), as well as other available data (iNaturalist, GBIF), maps of the ranges of invasive plants of the Altai Republic were compiled. For each species, all known localities are given, indicating administrative regions, settlements, river valleys, etc.; the time of discovery is noted, and links to the source are indicated.
The concentrations of Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, and Zn were determined in the invasive pink salmon that came to spawn into the Kola and Tuloma rivers of the Kola Peninsula, flowing into the Barents Sea, in July 2019. The content of trace elements in the organs and tissues of pink salmon introduced in the Euro-Arctic waters of Russia was compared to those of the pink salmon from its native range, which returned to spawn in the rivers of the Sakhalin and Iturup islands in 2016–2018. It has been established that concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Ni noticeably predominate in all organs and tissues of introduced pink salmon, whereas Pb and Cd predominate in the Sea of Okhotsk pink salmon. Obviously, the differences in the microelement composition in fish are caused by environmental conditions. In the Barents Sea, they are formed under the influence of the Gulf Stream, as well as the anthropogenic impact of the Kola Peninsula, which is characterized by the extraction, processing, and smelting of a number of metals, primarily Ni and Cu, as well as Zn. In the Sakhalin-Kuril basin, the specificity of the environment and the microelement composition of salmon are due to the influence of natural factors—volcanism and upwellings. Schools of pink salmon during feeding and migration in the Pacific Ocean cross a high-nutrient and at the same time geochemically impact natural zone formed by the Kuril Ridge and the Kuril-Kamchatka Depression, which supplies chemical elements to surface waters. Here, the concentration of Pb is most markedly increased in fish. The development of the introduced pink salmon in the new area is facilitated by the recent increase in temperature in the waters of the North Atlantic, so the amount of fish production in it will increase. The mastering of pink salmon in new feeding places sets before scientists the task of monitoring the dynamics of its abundance and taking adequate measures for fishery regulation and fish quality control.
Among invasive species there is a special group so named cryptic species for which morphological identification is very difficult. This review is devoted to analysis of the dispersal routes of two copepod cryptic species complexes into aquatic ecosystems. Eurytemora carolleeae introduction was revealed in 2007 with bar-code. The species was described as a new taxon; its distribution was also studied using morphology. Biological invasions of two other Copepod species Acanthocyclops americanus and Eurytemora caspica were mainly studied using morphological methods since the species have already been described. At the same time, to confirm their distinctions from local forms molecular genetic tools were also used. Two scenarios resulting from cryptic species’ invasions and their competitions with native species were the partly (E. carrolleeae) or full displacement (A. americanus). When assessing the possible negative impact of invasive species on competitors, the most attention should be paid to predator species. Identification of cryptic species significantly complicates the situation with the assessment of bioinvasion and needs the use of molecular methods.
The paper presents the fact of occurrence of the sea buckthorn fly Rhagoletis batava obscuriosa Kol. on the territory of Ivanovo Region (Russia), which has been recorded since 2018 in wild populations and since 2022 in garden plantings of the sea buckthorn Hippophae rhamnoides (L., 1753). This species poses a threat to the effective cultivation of the sea buckthorn in the region.
The article presents data on the morphology, range, and number of the American mink in Yakutia, gives materials on its morpho- and craniometry. Data on the dynamics of the range and number of the American mink in Yakutia from the moment of its introduction in the early 1960s to the present time are shown. The range of the mink has expanded in the northeast direction from Southern Yakutia to Central Yakutia for half a century, and new mink settlement sites on the eastern side of Yakutia from Magadan Region have been noted. After naturalization of the American mink for 25 years, there was a gradual increase in its number from 686 individuals to 4000–5000 individuals. Over the next 35 years, the number of the species stabilized and has remained at this level with some fluctuations over the years, excluding 2005–2006, when there was a sharp increase in the number of mink.
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