Russian Journal of Biological Invasions最新文献

Abstract

The article presents the results of studies on the species composition of vascular plants and soil enzymatic activity in communities dominated by Acer negundo. The studies were carried out on accounting sites located in the mountain-taiga and forest-steppe zones of Kuzbass. The selection of trial plots was made taking into account the horizontal differentiation of space into under-crown (registration plots) and external zones (control) of phytogenic fields. Floristic descriptions and the level of activity of enzymes (invertase, protease, and phosphatase) in the soil were analyzed. The diversity of vascular plants in the areas under study constituted 64 species. The dominant plant species in the ash-leaved maple communities were identified. Ruderal species Cirsium setosum, Elytrigia repens, Lamium album, Urtica dioica, and Taraxacum officinale dominate under the canopy of A. negundo, while the proportion of meadow species Achillea millefolium, Dactylis glomerata, and Festuca pratensis increases in the outer zones. It has been shown that the floristic composition of communities does not affect significantly the level of activity of soil enzymes. An increase in the activity of hydrolytic enzymes by an average of 11% compared with the outer zones was noted in the under-crown space of A. negundo.

Abstract

This paper presents information about new finds of the goose barnacle Lepas anatifera Linnaeus, 1758 in the Barents Sea. Data on the capture site, depth, and date, as well as pictures and a brief description of the captured individuals, are given. Possible causes of the appearance of this species in the Barents Sea are analyzed.

Abstract

On the basis of developed individual-based model and empirical data the importance of anemochory for the dispersal of giant hogweed mericarpia over long distances (up to 55 m from the parent plant) was proved. The use of cellular automate for modelling of the plant population area increase allowed to reveal the influence of weather condition, number and spatial distribution of hogweed plants in the period of the beginning of introduction on the rate of invasion. Verification of the results of the cellular automaton work based on satellite images and field observations showed a significant level of compliance of theoretical calculations and observed results. The logistic functions parameters describing the change in the area of giant invasive hogweed stands were determined. A retrospective analysis of satellite images of model plots, starting from the 1990s of the 20th century, showed an annual increase in the area of hogweed populations by 20% in the exponential population growth phase. A significant variability in the rate of invasion (from 5 to 70% per year) depended on the initial conditions and stage of invasion, usage modes and ecological capacity of the available sites.

Abstract

The introduction of alien species to marine islands leads to the destabilization of the unique ecosystems characterized by a high level of ecological vulnerability. A review of alien mammal species in the insular theriocomplexes of the Northwestern Pacific was made, and the results of a massive invasion that occurred in the last 150 years were analyzed. Currently, the islands of the Northwestern Pacific are inhabited by 43 alien species belonging to 19 families of 7 mammal orders, 9 of which are included in the list of the the world’s 14 most dangerous invasive species, and the islands of the Russian segment of this region are inhabited by 8 of the 10 most dangerous introduced mammals of the Russian Federation.

Abstract

Current climate change, habitat degradation, and road network development contribute to the invasion of alien plant species in areas of more northern latitudes and higher altitudes. Using the maximum entropy method (Maxent), we built spatial distribution models of Ambrosia artemisiifolia, considering abiotic, biotic, and anthropogenic factors and accessibility to the area. Maps of the species current distribution in the Caucasus and its range dynamics according to the climate change scenarios were constructed. The most important variables determining A. artemisiifolia spatial localization in the region were as follows: distance to roads (not more than 0–5 m), terrain roughness (gentle areas), and humidity (climate from semiarid to perhumid). The distance of 0–5 m is also characterized by the area accessibility factor (species dispersal capacity), which contributed about 47% to the final model. Species dispersal beyond roadsides was hindered by forests and meadows with the probability of A. artemisiifolia occurrence not exceeding 0.01%. The species core ranges were predicted in foothills and low mountains of the Western and Central Caucasus, Western and Central Transcaucasia, the northwestern Lesser Caucasus, and the Caspian Sea coast. The species invasion in highlands could occur along the gentle river valleys that concentrate the main mountain roads. According to the pessimistic and optimistic climate change scenarios, by 2100, the decline in optimal A. artemisiifolia habitats will be 87 and 27%, respectively, and will affect mainly the plain areas of the currently most humid regions. The main core ranges were predicted in the middle mountains and highlands of the Caucasus.

Abstract

The resource melliferous-polleniferous potential of Russian invasive plant species was studied on the basis of the results of melissopalynological (pollen) analysis. The study of the pollen composition of 2121 honey samples from 70 Russian regions made it possible to diagnose the pollen of 26 invasive plants in their composition, 13 of which were resource plants. In the European part of Russia, important melliferous plants were Robinia pseudoacacia L., Gleditsia triacanthos L., Amorpha fruticosa L., Solidago canadensis L., and Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle. Monofloral honey types from these invasive species were obtained mainly in the southern regions. In Siberia, Centaurea scabiosa L., C. jacea L., Echium vulgare L., and Conium maculatum L. were of resource importance. Monofloral greater and brown knapweed, viper’s bugloss, and wild hemlock honey types were found mainly in the regions of Western Siberia. In the Far East, sources of monofloral honey were Nonea rossica Steven and Amoria hybrida (L.) C. Presl. The species Lupinus polyphyllus Lindll. and species of the genus Ambrosia were classified as important Russian polleniferous plants.

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S2075111723040215