We present a concept for virtual reality (VR) headsets which is inspired by the design of the human eye itself. By using a rotatable display system which resembles a mechanical copy of the eye, we achieve a high resolution at the foveal spot and lower resolution in the periphery while maintaining a large field of view. Fast and accurate retinal eye tracking by observing the blind spot on the fovea centralis is possible with this solution. The vergence-accomodation conflict can be solved potentially by integrating an off-the-shelf tunable lens.
{"title":"Virtual reality headset using a gaze-synchronized display system","authors":"Andrea Toulouse, S. Thiele, A. Herkommer","doi":"10.1117/12.2523920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2523920","url":null,"abstract":"We present a concept for virtual reality (VR) headsets which is inspired by the design of the human eye itself. By using a rotatable display system which resembles a mechanical copy of the eye, we achieve a high resolution at the foveal spot and lower resolution in the periphery while maintaining a large field of view. Fast and accurate retinal eye tracking by observing the blind spot on the fovea centralis is possible with this solution. The vergence-accomodation conflict can be solved potentially by integrating an off-the-shelf tunable lens.","PeriodicalId":442359,"journal":{"name":"Optical Design Challenge","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128021435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guanjun Tan, Tao Zhan, Yun-han Lee, J. Xiong, Shin‐Tson Wu
We report a polarization-multiplexed additive light field display for near-eye applications. A polarization-sensitive Pancharatnam-Berry phase lens is implemented to generate two focal depths simultaneously. Then, a spatial polarization modulator is utilized to control the polarization state of each pixel and direct the two images to designated focal planes. Based on this design, an additive light field display system is constructed. The vergence-accommodation conflict is suppressed successfully without increasing space and time complexities.
{"title":"Near-eye light field display with polarization multiplexing","authors":"Guanjun Tan, Tao Zhan, Yun-han Lee, J. Xiong, Shin‐Tson Wu","doi":"10.1117/12.2525094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2525094","url":null,"abstract":"We report a polarization-multiplexed additive light field display for near-eye applications. A polarization-sensitive Pancharatnam-Berry phase lens is implemented to generate two focal depths simultaneously. Then, a spatial polarization modulator is utilized to control the polarization state of each pixel and direct the two images to designated focal planes. Based on this design, an additive light field display system is constructed. The vergence-accommodation conflict is suppressed successfully without increasing space and time complexities.","PeriodicalId":442359,"journal":{"name":"Optical Design Challenge","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129863677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hossein Shahinian, A. Markos, Jayesh Navare, D. Zaytsev
In this paper, the concept design of the addition of a 3D imaging system to commercially available see-through AR glasses is outlined. The 3D imaging is implemented through the projection of structured infrared light pattern of (λ=1550 nm) dots on a scene in front of the user. The light projector and detector of the light are adjacent to each other on the device frame. The structured light is produced using a diffractive optical element. To equip this 3D imaging system with a lateral sweeping system without the addition of a complex rotating scanner, two right angle prisms are used such that the chord face of each prism is parallel to the other. Given a certain gap between the prisms the angular trajectory of the structured light pattern can be manipulated, thus enabling high quality illumination of the scene at directions other than normal to the aperture of the illuminator. Computer algorithms can be used to calculate the position of each reflected dot given the field of view of the camera. The material of the prisms is a topic under investigation. While one of the prisms has a fixed position, the other is moved linearly away (in the z direction) from the other element using a linear actuator. This linear motion enables a variable gap between the two prisms and scanning the scene for a range of angles as a function of the prism's material properties and detector field of view.
{"title":"Scanning depth sensor for see-through AR glasses","authors":"Hossein Shahinian, A. Markos, Jayesh Navare, D. Zaytsev","doi":"10.1117/12.2523829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2523829","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the concept design of the addition of a 3D imaging system to commercially available see-through AR glasses is outlined. The 3D imaging is implemented through the projection of structured infrared light pattern of (λ=1550 nm) dots on a scene in front of the user. The light projector and detector of the light are adjacent to each other on the device frame. The structured light is produced using a diffractive optical element. To equip this 3D imaging system with a lateral sweeping system without the addition of a complex rotating scanner, two right angle prisms are used such that the chord face of each prism is parallel to the other. Given a certain gap between the prisms the angular trajectory of the structured light pattern can be manipulated, thus enabling high quality illumination of the scene at directions other than normal to the aperture of the illuminator. Computer algorithms can be used to calculate the position of each reflected dot given the field of view of the camera. The material of the prisms is a topic under investigation. While one of the prisms has a fixed position, the other is moved linearly away (in the z direction) from the other element using a linear actuator. This linear motion enables a variable gap between the two prisms and scanning the scene for a range of angles as a function of the prism's material properties and detector field of view.","PeriodicalId":442359,"journal":{"name":"Optical Design Challenge","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127063739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenbo Zhang, C. Chen, Lantian Mi, Yifan Lu, Ming Zhu, Xingyu Ren, Ruixue Tang, Nizamuddin Maitlo
We propose a design of a retinal-projection-based near-eye display for achieving ultra-large field of view, vision correction, and occlusion. Our solution is highlighted by a contact lens combo, a transparent organic light-emitting diode panel, and a twisted nematic liquid crystal panel. Its design rules are set forth in detail, followed by the results and discussion regarding the field of view, angular resolution, modulation transfer function, contrast ratio, distortion, and simulated imaging.
{"title":"A retinal-projection-based near-eye display with contact lens for mixed reality","authors":"Wenbo Zhang, C. Chen, Lantian Mi, Yifan Lu, Ming Zhu, Xingyu Ren, Ruixue Tang, Nizamuddin Maitlo","doi":"10.1117/12.2523452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2523452","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a design of a retinal-projection-based near-eye display for achieving ultra-large field of view, vision correction, and occlusion. Our solution is highlighted by a contact lens combo, a transparent organic light-emitting diode panel, and a twisted nematic liquid crystal panel. Its design rules are set forth in detail, followed by the results and discussion regarding the field of view, angular resolution, modulation transfer function, contrast ratio, distortion, and simulated imaging.","PeriodicalId":442359,"journal":{"name":"Optical Design Challenge","volume":"10 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126158612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The conventional depth map sensors have limited depth range, or they need to sacrifice depth accuracy for a larger working range. To overcome such problems, in this work, we propose a co-axial depth map sensor with an extended depth range based on controlled aberrations. This depth map sensor implements depth measurement by projecting a near-infrared astigmatic pattern onto the test scene and measuring the contrast change of the reflected pattern image in the tangential and sagittal directions. By adding a tunable lens in the projection optics, this depth map sensor can achieve the extended depth measurement without the loss of high depth accuracy and high depth map resolution.
{"title":"Co-axial depth map sensor with an extended depth range","authors":"M. Xu, H. Hua","doi":"10.1117/12.2523653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2523653","url":null,"abstract":"The conventional depth map sensors have limited depth range, or they need to sacrifice depth accuracy for a larger working range. To overcome such problems, in this work, we propose a co-axial depth map sensor with an extended depth range based on controlled aberrations. This depth map sensor implements depth measurement by projecting a near-infrared astigmatic pattern onto the test scene and measuring the contrast change of the reflected pattern image in the tangential and sagittal directions. By adding a tunable lens in the projection optics, this depth map sensor can achieve the extended depth measurement without the loss of high depth accuracy and high depth map resolution.","PeriodicalId":442359,"journal":{"name":"Optical Design Challenge","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129460482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Gentet, Jinbeom Joung, Y. Gentet, Seung-hyun Lee
This paper presents the Zerotrope, an improvement of the classic phenakistiscope and zoetrope devices, used to create a new 360-degree 3D display by addition of a single ultra-realistic full-color hologram. The Zerotrope is built with a single zero-degree transplane hologram mounted on a disc rotating at constant speed. This hologram displays a series of 3D characters showing the sequential phases of an animation and arranged radially around the center of the disc. When a stroboscopic lamp synchronized with the rotation illuminates this hologram, the recorded characters are animated as in a stop-motion movie. The operation of the Zerotrope is successfully demonstrated and shows the effect of the holographic reality (HR) without the need for special glasses or other viewing aids.
{"title":"Design and implementation of the Zerotrope: a novel dynamic holographic display","authors":"P. Gentet, Jinbeom Joung, Y. Gentet, Seung-hyun Lee","doi":"10.1117/12.2523302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2523302","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the Zerotrope, an improvement of the classic phenakistiscope and zoetrope devices, used to create a new 360-degree 3D display by addition of a single ultra-realistic full-color hologram. The Zerotrope is built with a single zero-degree transplane hologram mounted on a disc rotating at constant speed. This hologram displays a series of 3D characters showing the sequential phases of an animation and arranged radially around the center of the disc. When a stroboscopic lamp synchronized with the rotation illuminates this hologram, the recorded characters are animated as in a stop-motion movie. The operation of the Zerotrope is successfully demonstrated and shows the effect of the holographic reality (HR) without the need for special glasses or other viewing aids.","PeriodicalId":442359,"journal":{"name":"Optical Design Challenge","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122494679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Bigler, Micah S. Mann, C. Draper, A. Bablumyan, P. Blanche
Head-up displays offer ease-of-use and safety advantages over traditional head-down displays when implemented in aircraft and vehicles. Unfortunately, in the traditional head-up display projection method, the size of the image is limited by the size of the projection optics. In many vehicular systems, the size requirements for a large field of view head-up display exceed the space available to allocate for these projection optics. Thus, an alternative approach is needed to present a large field of view image to the user. By using holographic optical elements affixed to waveguides, it becomes possible to reduce the size of the projection system, while producing a comparatively large image. Additionally, modulating the diffraction efficiency of some of the holograms in the system presents an expanded viewing eyebox to the viewer. This presentation will discuss our work to demonstrate a magnified far-field image with an in-line two-dimensional eyebox expansion. It will explore recording geometries and configurations and will conclude by discussing challenges for future implementation.
{"title":"Improving head-up display with waveguides and holographic optical elements (Abstract)","authors":"C. Bigler, Micah S. Mann, C. Draper, A. Bablumyan, P. Blanche","doi":"10.1117/12.2524628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2524628","url":null,"abstract":"Head-up displays offer ease-of-use and safety advantages over traditional head-down displays when implemented in aircraft and vehicles. Unfortunately, in the traditional head-up display projection method, the size of the image is limited by the size of the projection optics. In many vehicular systems, the size requirements for a large field of view head-up display exceed the space available to allocate for these projection optics. Thus, an alternative approach is needed to present a large field of view image to the user. By using holographic optical elements affixed to waveguides, it becomes possible to reduce the size of the projection system, while producing a comparatively large image. Additionally, modulating the diffraction efficiency of some of the holograms in the system presents an expanded viewing eyebox to the viewer. This presentation will discuss our work to demonstrate a magnified far-field image with an in-line two-dimensional eyebox expansion. It will explore recording geometries and configurations and will conclude by discussing challenges for future implementation.","PeriodicalId":442359,"journal":{"name":"Optical Design Challenge","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114063604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An innovative concept is proposed for an optical element which offers the capability of rapidly switching the optical power of the system among multiple foci. The switchable multifocal element consists of a custom-designed freeform lens offering multiple discrete foci and a programmable high-speed liquid crystal shutter (LCS). The freeform lens is divided into patterned zones, through which multiple distinct foci are produced. The LCS consists of patterned zones corresponding to those zones of the freeform lens, which can be programmably switched on and off. By combining the multi-focal freeform lens and the LCS in a time-multiplexed fashion, a switchable multifocal element with high-speed, large aperture and large range of tunable power was achieved. The multifocal element also meets the other requirement of an ideal tunable optical element such as low-voltage control, robustness, and compactness. A proof-of-concept twofocal head mounted display was designed to demonstrate one application of the new switchable multifocal element. The design can provide a FOV of 40 degrees and angular resolution of 1 arc minutes in visual space in an 8mm by 8mm exit pupil.
{"title":"Digitally switchable multi-focal element for wearable displays","authors":"Xuan-Yin Wang, H. Hua","doi":"10.1117/12.2522820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2522820","url":null,"abstract":"An innovative concept is proposed for an optical element which offers the capability of rapidly switching the optical power of the system among multiple foci. The switchable multifocal element consists of a custom-designed freeform lens offering multiple discrete foci and a programmable high-speed liquid crystal shutter (LCS). The freeform lens is divided into patterned zones, through which multiple distinct foci are produced. The LCS consists of patterned zones corresponding to those zones of the freeform lens, which can be programmably switched on and off. By combining the multi-focal freeform lens and the LCS in a time-multiplexed fashion, a switchable multifocal element with high-speed, large aperture and large range of tunable power was achieved. The multifocal element also meets the other requirement of an ideal tunable optical element such as low-voltage control, robustness, and compactness. A proof-of-concept twofocal head mounted display was designed to demonstrate one application of the new switchable multifocal element. The design can provide a FOV of 40 degrees and angular resolution of 1 arc minutes in visual space in an 8mm by 8mm exit pupil.","PeriodicalId":442359,"journal":{"name":"Optical Design Challenge","volume":"131 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130779022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We developed a novel concept of retinal projection for augmented reality (AR) glasses combining optical integrated optics and holography. Our thin and lens-free concept overcomes limitations of current AR devices such as bulky optics and limited field-of-view. The integrated circuit is transparent and guide visible wavelengths by using Si3N4 as the core material of the waveguides. This work presents a detailed description of the optical principles behind the concept, including the self-focusing effect. Furthermore, we present the design of the first building blocks used for the optical integrated circuit at a visible wavelength (λ = 532 nm): single-mode waveguides, bent waveguides, cross-talk, grating couplers and MMI splitters (MultiMode Interference). Numerical simulation results of each component are presented. A prototype combining these optical building blocks in a 1024 waveguide array is designed to provide future experimental proof of concept of our retinal projection concept. In addition to this prototype, test structures are inserted on a photolithography mask to experimentally validate the simulations of each optical building block in future work. Next steps of development will include densifying the integrated optical architecture using serial coupling effects and multiple waveguide layers.
{"title":"Design of Si3N4 waveguides and components to form an integrated optical network for retinal projection in thin augmented reality glasses","authors":"B. Meynard, C. Martinez, D. Fowler, E. Molva","doi":"10.1117/12.2523648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2523648","url":null,"abstract":"We developed a novel concept of retinal projection for augmented reality (AR) glasses combining optical integrated optics and holography. Our thin and lens-free concept overcomes limitations of current AR devices such as bulky optics and limited field-of-view. The integrated circuit is transparent and guide visible wavelengths by using Si3N4 as the core material of the waveguides. This work presents a detailed description of the optical principles behind the concept, including the self-focusing effect. Furthermore, we present the design of the first building blocks used for the optical integrated circuit at a visible wavelength (λ = 532 nm): single-mode waveguides, bent waveguides, cross-talk, grating couplers and MMI splitters (MultiMode Interference). Numerical simulation results of each component are presented. A prototype combining these optical building blocks in a 1024 waveguide array is designed to provide future experimental proof of concept of our retinal projection concept. In addition to this prototype, test structures are inserted on a photolithography mask to experimentally validate the simulations of each optical building block in future work. Next steps of development will include densifying the integrated optical architecture using serial coupling effects and multiple waveguide layers.","PeriodicalId":442359,"journal":{"name":"Optical Design Challenge","volume":"161 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133557696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dongheon Yoo, Seungjae Lee, Youngjin Jo, Jaebum Cho, Suyeon Choi, Byoungho Lee
Currently, commercial head-mounted displays suffer from limited accommodative states, which lead to vergenceaccommodation conflict. In this work, we newly design the architecture of head-mounted display supporting 15 focal planes over wide depth of field (20cm-optical infinity) in real time to alleviate vergence-accommodation conflict. Our system employs a low-resolution vertical scanning backlight, a display panel (e.g. liquid crystal panel), and focus-tunable lens. We demonstrate the compact prototype and verify its performance through experimental results.
{"title":"15 focal planes head-mounted display using LED array backlight","authors":"Dongheon Yoo, Seungjae Lee, Youngjin Jo, Jaebum Cho, Suyeon Choi, Byoungho Lee","doi":"10.1117/12.2525055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2525055","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, commercial head-mounted displays suffer from limited accommodative states, which lead to vergenceaccommodation conflict. In this work, we newly design the architecture of head-mounted display supporting 15 focal planes over wide depth of field (20cm-optical infinity) in real time to alleviate vergence-accommodation conflict. Our system employs a low-resolution vertical scanning backlight, a display panel (e.g. liquid crystal panel), and focus-tunable lens. We demonstrate the compact prototype and verify its performance through experimental results.","PeriodicalId":442359,"journal":{"name":"Optical Design Challenge","volume":"200 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123856915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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