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Law and virtue in a post-sovereign “Commonwealth:” Neil MacCormick and the political theory of constitutional pluralism 后主权“联邦”中的法律与美德:Neil MacCormick与宪法多元主义的政治理论
IF 1 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2020-11-25 DOI: 10.1177/1755088220975812
Hugo Canihac
This paper reconstructs the political thought of the Scottish legal philosopher, and eventually MEP, Sir Neil MacCormick (1941–2009), the founder of “constitutional pluralism,” one of the most influential legal theories of the European union today. It argues that his legal theory is underpinned by a coherent and original political theory of post-sovereignty. But, contrary to many current interpretations, this article argues that normatively, constitutional pluralism is not a purely liberal theory. Neither is it inherently illiberal, as has been contended. Instead, this article spells out the hybrid institutional design imagined by N. MacCormick and inspired by the thought of D. Hume, as well as the lineaments of an ethical theory of post-sovereignty he developed. So doing, while I will argue that it ultimately leads to a kind of republican cosmopolitanism, the political theory of constitutional pluralism is shown to open up an important, if not fully developed, avenue to escape some shortcoming commonly associated with post-sovereignty.
本文重构了苏格兰法律哲学家、欧洲议会议员尼尔·麦克科米克爵士(1941-2009)的政治思想,他是当今欧盟最具影响力的法律理论之一“宪法多元主义”的创始人。它认为,他的法律理论是以连贯和原始的后主权政治理论为基础的。但是,与目前的许多解释相反,本文认为,从规范上讲,宪法多元主义并不是一个纯粹的自由主义理论。它也不像人们所说的那样本质上是不自由的。相反,本文阐述了N.MacCormick在D.Hume思想的启发下设想的混合制度设计,以及他发展的后主权伦理理论的谱系。因此,尽管我认为它最终会导致一种共和世界主义,但宪法多元主义的政治理论被证明是一条重要的途径,即使没有得到充分发展,也可以逃脱一些通常与后主权相关的缺点。
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引用次数: 0
The Concept of the Kurdish Political 库尔德政治的概念
IF 1 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2020-10-29 DOI: 10.1177/1755088220966345
Jason Dockstader, Rojîn Mûkrîyan
Recently, some have read Turkish political developments from the perspective of Carl Schmitt’s political theory. This paper aims to modify aspects of these readings and offer in response a Schmittian answer to the Kurdish question. By applying Schmitt’s conceptual framework, this paper argues that the Kurds, especially in their struggles for autonomy and independence, can be viewed as fulfilling Schmitt’s criterion for tellurian partisanship and forming an at least nascent constituent power. We argue that Turks and Kurds are enemies in Schmitt’s explicitly political sense. They constitute a threat to each other’s political existence. The Kurds exhibit the behavior of a Schmittian people or nation. They fight, against Turks, for their political existence. They aim to govern themselves, and so instantiate the de facto attributes of state sovereignty. They thus seek to constitute themselves as a free and independent people, thereby achieving a genuine political existence in the Schmittian sense.
最近,一些人从卡尔·施密特的政治理论角度解读了土耳其的政治发展。本文旨在修改这些解读的各个方面,并对库尔德问题提供施米特式的回答。通过应用施密特的概念框架,本文认为库尔德人,特别是在他们争取自治和独立的斗争中,可以被视为满足施密特关于地方党派的标准,并形成一个至少是新生的组成力量。我们认为土耳其人和库尔德人是施密特明确政治意义上的敌人。它们对彼此的政治存在构成威胁。库尔德人表现出施米特人或国家的行为。他们为了自己的政治存在而与土耳其人作战。他们的目的是治理自己,从而体现国家主权的事实属性。因此,他们寻求将自己塑造成一个自由和独立的民族,从而实现施米特意义上的真正政治存在。
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引用次数: 0
What is a minor international theory? On the limits of ‘Critical International Relations’ 什么是小国际理论?论“批判性国际关系”的局限性
IF 1 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2020-10-06 DOI: 10.1177/1755088220956680
Nicholas Michelsen
This article argues that ‘Critical International Relations’, often counterpoised to ‘mainstream IR’, has come to function as a major theoretical category in its own right. It argues that critique involves ‘minor theorising’, defined as the practice of disturbing settled theoretical assumptions in the discipline. The article examines the role and significance of ‘minor theories’ in the context of ongoing debates about Critical IR. It argues that critique is defined by context, and is politically and ethically ambiguous. The article concludes that the scope for critique could be advanced if the terms ‘Critical IR’ and ‘Critical IR Scholar’ are dropped from scholarly parlance.
本文认为,“批判性国际关系”(Critical International Relations),通常与“主流IR”相对立,已经成为一个主要的理论范畴。它认为批判涉及“次要理论化”,定义为扰乱学科中既定理论假设的实践。本文考察了“次要理论”在当前关于批判性IR的辩论中的作用和意义,认为批判性是由语境定义的,在政治和伦理上是模糊的。文章的结论是,如果从学术用语中去掉“批判性IR”和“批判性IR学者”这两个术语,那么批判的范围就可以扩大。
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引用次数: 9
Max Weber’s ethics 马克斯·韦伯的伦理学
IF 1 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/1755088219854780
Richard Ned Lebow
I offer a critique of Weber’s two ethics. The first layer is internal and concerned with their logics. The second layer considers the external knowledge necessary to apply them appropriately and argues that it is extremely difficult to come by. The third layer connects Weber’s ethics to his politics because the choice of either ethic in almost any context is a value choice. This is apparent in Weber’s application of these ethics to Germany foreign policy. He used his ethics in a rhetorical way to justify his values rather than using these values as a guide to policy assessment. This reversal is endemic to politics. One response might be to stipulate beforehand the kinds of policies that are unacceptable in democracies regardless of their expected outcomes.
我对韦伯的两种伦理学进行了批判。第一层是内部的,与他们的逻辑有关。第二层考虑了适当应用这些知识所必需的外部知识,并认为这是极其困难的。第三层将韦伯的伦理与他的政治联系起来,因为在几乎任何情况下,选择任何一种伦理都是一种价值选择。这一点在韦伯将这些伦理思想应用于德国外交政策中可见一斑。他用修辞的方式来证明自己的价值观,而不是把这些价值观作为政策评估的指南。这种逆转在政治中很普遍。一种回应可能是事先规定民主国家不可接受的政策种类,无论其预期结果如何。
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引用次数: 1
Potentiality, political protest and constituent power: A response to the special issue 潜在性、政治抗议和选民权力:对这一特殊问题的回应
IF 1 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/1755088219860858
Michael P. A. Murphy
Emergent forms of political protest and constitution often provide limit cases for their contemporary theoretical models, and transnational protest movements from Occupy to Democracy in Europe 2025 are no exception. The recent special issue of the Journal of International Political Theory offers a number of different conceptual paths towards understanding these developments, revising and refreshing categories like civil disobedience, opposition, resistance, as well as constituent and destituent power. However, the plurality of perspectives in the special issue leads to a certain degree of uncertainty in the use of terms. This response to the special issue begins with a reflection on its major conceptual developments, addresses the missed encounter with Giorgio Agamben’s theory of ‘destituent potential’ and develops a framework for contrasting different theoretical approaches to political protest and constitution through their relation to potentiality. This taxonomy of emergent forms of political protest and constitution complements the substantial theoretical developments undertaken in the special issue by making the important conceptual relationships between them more readily visible. As well, by demonstrating the applicability of potentiality to the study of International Relations, this framework contributes to the project of the theoretical investigation of international politics.
新兴形式的政治抗议和宪法往往为其当代理论模型提供了有限的案例,从“占领”到“2025年欧洲民主”的跨国抗议运动也不例外。最近出版的《国际政治理论杂志》特刊提供了许多不同的概念路径来理解这些发展,修改和更新了公民抗命、反对、抵抗以及组成力量和破坏力量等类别。然而,特刊中视角的多样性导致术语的使用存在一定程度的不确定性。这一对特刊的回应始于对其主要概念发展的反思,解决了与乔治·阿甘本的“破坏潜力”理论的错失,并通过政治抗议和宪法与潜力的关系,建立了一个对比不同理论方法的框架。这种对政治抗议和宪法的新兴形式的分类,通过使它们之间的重要概念关系更加明显,补充了特刊中进行的实质性理论发展。同时,该框架通过展示国际关系研究的适用性,为国际政治理论研究项目做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 7
Democracy, free association and boundary delimitation: The cases of Catalonia and Tabarnia 民主、自由联合和边界划定:加泰罗尼亚和塔巴尔尼亚的案例
IF 1 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/1755088219848460
Guillermo Graíño Ferrer, Adriaan Ph V Kühn
This article aims to illustrate the confusion within today’s secessionist movements regarding the liberal and the nationalist arguments for legitimising secession. To do so, the liberal theory of secession – understood as an approach primarily based on consent – is examined, its limitations highlighted and its contradictions with nationalism stated. We then use the case of the fictional Tabarnia region to show how problematic the use of liberal arguments by secessionist nationalism is. Although until now only a virtual region, Tabarnia exemplifies how nationalist arguments reappear in the defence of Catalan independence when its supporters claim to only propose arguments of free association.
本文旨在说明当今分离主义运动中关于将分离合法化的自由主义和民族主义论点的混乱。为了做到这一点,我们对自由主义的分离理论——被理解为一种主要基于同意的方法——进行了研究,强调了它的局限性,并说明了它与民族主义的矛盾。然后,我们用虚构的塔巴尼亚地区的例子来说明,分离主义民族主义使用自由主义论点是多么有问题。尽管到目前为止只是一个虚拟的地区,但当塔巴尼的支持者声称只提出自由联合的论点时,民族主义的论点如何再次出现在捍卫加泰罗尼亚独立的过程中。
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引用次数: 5
Conceptualising peace and its preconditions: The anti-Pelagian imagination and the critical turn in peace theory 和平及其先决条件的概念化:反伯拉纠想象与和平理论的批判转向
IF 1 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2020-08-24 DOI: 10.1177/1755088220951592
Sophia Dingli
This article examines the conceptualisations of peace and its preconditions manifested in the critical turn in peace theory: bottom-up approaches which begin with particular contexts and postulate diverse local actors as integral to the process of peace-building. This article argues that the turn is at an impasse and is unable to address the crucial charge that its conceptualisation of peace is inconsistent. To explain the persistence of inconsistency and to move us forward, the article analyses, evaluates and responds to the turn through the lens of Nicholas Rengger’s work on the anti-Pelagian imagination in political theory. This is defined as a tendency to begin theorising from non-utopian, anti-perfectionist and sceptical assumptions. Through this examination the article argues that the critical turn is anti-Pelagian but not consistently so because it often gives way to perfectionism, adopts naïve readings of institutions and postulates demanding conceptions of political agency and practice. This inconsistency with its own philosophical premises makes the turn’s conceptualisation of peace and its preconditions incoherent. Finally, the article sketches an alternative account of peace which draws upon a number of anti-Pelagian scholars and mobilises Rengger’s particular defense of anti-Pelagianism. The suggested alternative, the article argues, provides us with a more coherent theory of peace and a way out of existing dead ends.
本文探讨了和平的概念及其先决条件,这些先决条件体现在和平理论的关键转变中:自下而上的方法,从特定的背景开始,并假定不同的地方行为者是建设和平进程的组成部分。这篇文章认为,这一转变陷入僵局,无法解决其和平概念不一致的关键指控。为了解释不一致性的持续存在,并推动我们前进,本文通过尼古拉斯·伦格关于政治理论中反佩拉吉想象的作品来分析、评价和回应这一转变。这被定义为一种从非乌托邦、反完美主义和怀疑主义假设开始进行理论推导的倾向。通过这一考察,文章认为,关键转向是反佩拉吉的,但并不总是如此,因为它经常让位于完美主义,对制度采取天真的解读,并假定政治机构和实践的概念要求很高。这种与自身哲学前提的不一致性使得该回合对和平及其前提条件的概念不连贯。最后,本文借鉴了一些反佩拉吉主义学者的观点,并动员了伦格对反佩拉吉主义的特殊辩护。文章认为,提出的替代方案为我们提供了一个更连贯的和平理论,并为我们走出现有的死胡同提供了一条途径。
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引用次数: 2
De-colonizing the political ontology of Kantian ethics: A quantum perspective 去殖民化康德伦理学的政治本体论:量子视角
IF 1 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2020-08-18 DOI: 10.1177/1755088220946777
Laura Zanotti
This article explores the relevance of ontological assumptions for justifications of agency and ethics. It critiques Kantian ethics for being based upon an ontological imaginary that starts from the substantialism of Newtonian physics. Substantialism shapes Western political philosophy’s view about who we are as subjects and how the world works. In this ontological imaginary, validation of ethics is based upon universality and abstractions. Furthermore, Kantian ethics underscores an anthropocentric and theocratic vision of how to govern societies. I argue Kantian criteria are not only insufficient to make good choices but are also conducive to wrong ones, since they elicit self-appeasement in international intervention, and contribute to the conceptual repertoire of coloniality. I propose that an ontology of entanglements opens possibilities for overcoming the shortcomings of an ethos based upon abstractions and possibly for correcting some of its moral failures. In a quantum ontological imaginary, the validation of ethical choices relies instead upon the exploration of the apparatuses we deploy, as well as upon careful situational evaluation. Specific practices, rather than an abstract humanity, are the referents for devising such ethos. This position, I argue, resonates with the critical project of decoloniality and its acknowledgment of the political salience of ontological imaginaries.
本文探讨了本体论假设与代理和伦理正当性的相关性。它批评康德伦理学建立在从牛顿物理学的实体主义出发的本体论想象之上。实质主义塑造了西方政治哲学关于我们作为主体是谁以及世界如何运作的观点。在这个本体论的想象中,伦理的验证是建立在普遍性和抽象性的基础上的。此外,康德伦理学强调了如何治理社会的人类中心主义和神权主义愿景。我认为,康德的标准不仅不足以做出好的选择,而且有助于做出错误的选择,因为它们在国际干预中引发了自我安抚,并助长了殖民主义的概念。我认为,纠缠的本体论为克服基于抽象的精神气质的缺点开辟了可能性,并可能纠正其一些道德失败。在量子本体论的想象中,伦理选择的验证依赖于对我们部署的设备的探索,以及仔细的情境评估。具体的实践,而不是抽象的人性,是设计这种精神的参照物。我认为,这一立场与非殖民化的批判项目及其对本体论想象政治显著性的承认产生了共鸣。
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引用次数: 8
The balance of power and the power struggles of the polis 权力的平衡与城邦的权力斗争
IF 1 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2020-07-21 DOI: 10.1177/1755088220942876
K. Blachford
The balance of power is fundamental to the discipline of international relations, but its accuracy in explaining the historical record has been disputed. For international relations, balance of power theory represents a distinct approach which details the behaviour of states to counter hegemonic threats within an anarchic system. This article reimagines the balance of power tradition by highlighting its early modern foundations. Through providing a historical contextualization of the balance of power, this article shows how republican thinkers sought to balance against concentrations of power in order to safeguard political liberty. Early modern republics grappled with the challenge of maintaining a division of power within the polis in a co-constitutive relationship with the international. A republican polis could not secure liberty if under external domination or if the polis itself expanded to imperial proportions. Imperial expansion and the martial politics this entailed have traditionally been understood as incompatible to the safeguarding of political liberty. Recognizing this republican influence can uncover the co-constitutive connections between the internal power dynamics of the polis and the international sphere.
力量平衡是国际关系学科的基础,但它在解释历史记录方面的准确性一直存在争议。就国际关系而言,力量平衡理论代表了一种独特的方法,它详细描述了国家在无政府体系中对抗霸权威胁的行为。本文通过强调权力平衡传统的早期现代基础来重新构想权力平衡传统。本文通过提供权力平衡的历史背景,展示了共和思想家如何寻求权力集中的平衡,以维护政治自由。早期的现代共和国努力应对在与国际社会共同构成的关系中维持城邦内部权力划分的挑战。如果在外部统治下,或者如果城邦本身扩大到帝国的规模,共和国的城邦就无法确保自由。传统上,帝国扩张和由此引发的军事政治被认为与维护政治自由不相容。认识到这种共和国的影响可以揭示城邦内部权力动态与国际领域之间的共同构成联系。
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引用次数: 2
Understanding the Social Care Crisis in England Through Older People’s Lived Experiences 从老年人的生活经历看英国的社会关怀危机
IF 1 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2020-07-09 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-41437-5_11
L. Ward, Mo Ray, Denise Tanner
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引用次数: 5
期刊
Journal of International Political Theory
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