Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1080/20954816.2023.2269327
Terence Tai Leung Chong, Sizhu Wang, Ce Zhang
AbstractThis paper explores the distinct characteristics of China’s digital economy during its rapid growth over the past decade and sheds light on the transformative impact that the digital economy has had on the Chinese society. The findings reveal that China’s digital economy has experienced remarkable expansion in recent decades, driven by the convenience and efficiency it has brought about. Notable achievements include the development of robust digital infrastructure, the emergence of innovative digital finance, and the rapid growth of central bank digital currency. Throughout this digitalisation process, the government has played a pivotal role in driving and regulating the digital economy. Recognising the significance of digital transformation, the government has actively engaged in shaping policies and providing regulatory frameworks to foster a conducive environment for digital advancements and market regulation.Keywords: Digital economydigital infrastructurecentral bank digital currencydigital governance Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 As presented in Figure 2, in 2021, the scale of the US’s digital economy was US$15.3181 trillion and that of Germany was US$2.8767 trillion.2 Available at: https://goingdigital.oecd.org/countries/chn.3 Available at: https://www.bea.gov/data/special-topics/digital-economy.4 Available at: https://www.mofa.go.jp/files/000185874.pdf.5 Available at: http://www.caict.ac.cn/english/research/whitepapers/202208/P020220819505049573088.pdf.6 Available at: https://goingdigital.oecd.org/en/indicator/33.7 See the official website of Alibaba Group, available at: https://ali-home.alibaba.com/document-1490858931906412544 for the year 2021.8 Available at: https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2023-01/31/content_5739339.htm.9 See ‘China Computing Power Development Index White Paper’, available at: http://www.caict.ac.cn/kxyj/qwfb/bps/202211/P020221105727522653499.pdf.10 Also see ‘China Computing Power Development Index White Paper’.11 Available at: http://xw.cbimc.cn/2020-11/27/content_372523.htm.12 The CBIRC was established in April 2018 by a merger of China’s banking and insurance regulators, namely, the China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) and China Insurance Regulatory Commission (CIRC). It was abolished in March 2023 as part of a plan to overhaul government agencies, and replaced by the National Administration of Financial Regulation.13 Available at: https://static.sse.com.cn/stock/information/c/202008/e731ee980f5247529ea824d20fcdb293.pdf.Additional informationFundingThis research is supported by the National Social Science Fund of China [Grant No. 20ZDA053] and the Youth Programme of National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant No. 72101267].
{"title":"Understanding the digital economy in China: Characteristics, challenges, and prospects","authors":"Terence Tai Leung Chong, Sizhu Wang, Ce Zhang","doi":"10.1080/20954816.2023.2269327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20954816.2023.2269327","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis paper explores the distinct characteristics of China’s digital economy during its rapid growth over the past decade and sheds light on the transformative impact that the digital economy has had on the Chinese society. The findings reveal that China’s digital economy has experienced remarkable expansion in recent decades, driven by the convenience and efficiency it has brought about. Notable achievements include the development of robust digital infrastructure, the emergence of innovative digital finance, and the rapid growth of central bank digital currency. Throughout this digitalisation process, the government has played a pivotal role in driving and regulating the digital economy. Recognising the significance of digital transformation, the government has actively engaged in shaping policies and providing regulatory frameworks to foster a conducive environment for digital advancements and market regulation.Keywords: Digital economydigital infrastructurecentral bank digital currencydigital governance Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 As presented in Figure 2, in 2021, the scale of the US’s digital economy was US$15.3181 trillion and that of Germany was US$2.8767 trillion.2 Available at: https://goingdigital.oecd.org/countries/chn.3 Available at: https://www.bea.gov/data/special-topics/digital-economy.4 Available at: https://www.mofa.go.jp/files/000185874.pdf.5 Available at: http://www.caict.ac.cn/english/research/whitepapers/202208/P020220819505049573088.pdf.6 Available at: https://goingdigital.oecd.org/en/indicator/33.7 See the official website of Alibaba Group, available at: https://ali-home.alibaba.com/document-1490858931906412544 for the year 2021.8 Available at: https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2023-01/31/content_5739339.htm.9 See ‘China Computing Power Development Index White Paper’, available at: http://www.caict.ac.cn/kxyj/qwfb/bps/202211/P020221105727522653499.pdf.10 Also see ‘China Computing Power Development Index White Paper’.11 Available at: http://xw.cbimc.cn/2020-11/27/content_372523.htm.12 The CBIRC was established in April 2018 by a merger of China’s banking and insurance regulators, namely, the China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) and China Insurance Regulatory Commission (CIRC). It was abolished in March 2023 as part of a plan to overhaul government agencies, and replaced by the National Administration of Financial Regulation.13 Available at: https://static.sse.com.cn/stock/information/c/202008/e731ee980f5247529ea824d20fcdb293.pdf.Additional informationFundingThis research is supported by the National Social Science Fund of China [Grant No. 20ZDA053] and the Youth Programme of National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant No. 72101267].","PeriodicalId":44280,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Political Studies-EPS","volume":"27 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135325400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.1080/20954816.2023.2249715
Cai Xu, Mack Shelley
AbstractThis study evaluates the inequalities of affordability in health care delivery for older adults in China, and explores the variables significantly affecting the affordability. Using the data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and adapting the Andersen behavioural model, this study uses structural equation models (SEMs) with regression imputations to explore the direct and indirect effects of these variables for 1,720 respondents, which are cross-validated by the results from binary logistic regression models applying multiple imputations. SEM results indicate that the associations of age, education, and hukou with cost ratios are statistically significant. Specifically, the results of the logistic regression model show that older adults aged 60 and above pay less out of pocket than younger adults on health care services; respondents with higher levels of education and more types of insurance pay less out of pocket; and respondents with agricultural hukou and higher premiums pay more out of pocket. Future targeted efforts of policymakers should continue to focus on strengthening the affordability of access to health care services for older adults both in rural and urban areas by increasing the accessibility to and improving the efficiency of the health care system.Keywords: Affordabilityhealth care servicesolder adultsChina Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"The affordability of access to health care for older adults in China","authors":"Cai Xu, Mack Shelley","doi":"10.1080/20954816.2023.2249715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20954816.2023.2249715","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis study evaluates the inequalities of affordability in health care delivery for older adults in China, and explores the variables significantly affecting the affordability. Using the data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and adapting the Andersen behavioural model, this study uses structural equation models (SEMs) with regression imputations to explore the direct and indirect effects of these variables for 1,720 respondents, which are cross-validated by the results from binary logistic regression models applying multiple imputations. SEM results indicate that the associations of age, education, and hukou with cost ratios are statistically significant. Specifically, the results of the logistic regression model show that older adults aged 60 and above pay less out of pocket than younger adults on health care services; respondents with higher levels of education and more types of insurance pay less out of pocket; and respondents with agricultural hukou and higher premiums pay more out of pocket. Future targeted efforts of policymakers should continue to focus on strengthening the affordability of access to health care services for older adults both in rural and urban areas by increasing the accessibility to and improving the efficiency of the health care system.Keywords: Affordabilityhealth care servicesolder adultsChina Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":44280,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Political Studies-EPS","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136341984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.1080/20954816.2023.2226827
Ali Fakih, M. Hammoud, Nagham Sayour
{"title":"Youth voting and institutional change in the post-Arab Spring MENA region","authors":"Ali Fakih, M. Hammoud, Nagham Sayour","doi":"10.1080/20954816.2023.2226827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20954816.2023.2226827","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44280,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Political Studies-EPS","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41414325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.1080/20954816.2023.2230622
Jian Feng, Xin Liu
{"title":"No more free lunch: The increasing popularity of machine learning and financial market efficiency","authors":"Jian Feng, Xin Liu","doi":"10.1080/20954816.2023.2230622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20954816.2023.2230622","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44280,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Political Studies-EPS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44850589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.1080/20954816.2023.2222447
Zhigang Qiu, Jianqiu Wang, Ke Wu, Sijie Yang
{"title":"The value of FinTech innovations for the finance industry: Evidence from China","authors":"Zhigang Qiu, Jianqiu Wang, Ke Wu, Sijie Yang","doi":"10.1080/20954816.2023.2222447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20954816.2023.2222447","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44280,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Political Studies-EPS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42506022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1080/20954816.2023.2203306
A. Prinz
{"title":"Cultural tightness, trust, and power in enforcing tax compliance","authors":"A. Prinz","doi":"10.1080/20954816.2023.2203306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20954816.2023.2203306","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44280,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Political Studies-EPS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45995970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-21DOI: 10.1080/20954816.2023.2195527
Suleyman Orhun Altiparmak, Sidan Wang
Abstract Renewable energy is the fastest growing energy source. China, the world’s biggest energy consumer, is also the largest investor in renewable energy. Although it is expected that oil will continue to dominate the energy mix in China and in the world by 2040, a transition towards a renewable model in the energy sector is unfolding, which has also been acknowledged by international oil companies (IOCs). Then, how the Chinese national oil companies (NOCs) approach such a transition becomes important – to what extent their investment transform and what are the pressures and influences behind the transformation. This paper investigates the positions and decisions taken by the Chinese NOCs, through comparing the similarities and differences between these NOCs and IOCs. A neo-Gramscian theoretical framework that considers environmental governance through dynamics at material, organisational, and discursive levels is used to examine the Chinese NOCs’ energy transition. We find that the Chinese NOCs’ energy transition is determined by: materially, economic profits; organisationally, the administrative environmental governance structure that copes with the market competition against IOCs and other state-owned companies; and discursively, the political concept of ecological civilisation.
{"title":"The energy transition of the Chinese national oil companies towards renewables: An opportunity or a bottleneck?","authors":"Suleyman Orhun Altiparmak, Sidan Wang","doi":"10.1080/20954816.2023.2195527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20954816.2023.2195527","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Renewable energy is the fastest growing energy source. China, the world’s biggest energy consumer, is also the largest investor in renewable energy. Although it is expected that oil will continue to dominate the energy mix in China and in the world by 2040, a transition towards a renewable model in the energy sector is unfolding, which has also been acknowledged by international oil companies (IOCs). Then, how the Chinese national oil companies (NOCs) approach such a transition becomes important – to what extent their investment transform and what are the pressures and influences behind the transformation. This paper investigates the positions and decisions taken by the Chinese NOCs, through comparing the similarities and differences between these NOCs and IOCs. A neo-Gramscian theoretical framework that considers environmental governance through dynamics at material, organisational, and discursive levels is used to examine the Chinese NOCs’ energy transition. We find that the Chinese NOCs’ energy transition is determined by: materially, economic profits; organisationally, the administrative environmental governance structure that copes with the market competition against IOCs and other state-owned companies; and discursively, the political concept of ecological civilisation.","PeriodicalId":44280,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Political Studies-EPS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43302494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-18DOI: 10.1080/20954816.2023.2192559
C. Fiorio, A. Santoro
{"title":"Tax enforcement activities: Evidence on the impact of a threat-of-audit letter","authors":"C. Fiorio, A. Santoro","doi":"10.1080/20954816.2023.2192559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20954816.2023.2192559","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44280,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Political Studies-EPS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48935758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-10DOI: 10.1080/20954816.2023.2189798
Mardhiah Mardhiah, Riyana Miranti, R. Tanton
Abstract Many empirical studies have been conducted to test the assumptions of the slippery slope framework (SSF). However, although the SSF theory has introduced several tax compliance factors that are believed to have associations with trust in tax authorities and power of tax authorities, most studies tend to include only the two main domains of trust and power in the analysis. None of these studies comprehensively investigates the factors. Therefore, this study is dedicated to fully elaborating on these factors and their correlations with the two main domains of trust and power separately and simultaneously. The results show that most factors are proven to significantly influence trust and power. Tax penalties, norms, distributive fairness and retributive fairness significantly and positively influence trust, while audit probabilities, tax penalties, attitudes, norms and retributive fairness have significant and positive correlations with power. The results also confirm the main SSF assumptions that trust leads to voluntary compliance, while voluntary compliance positively affects overall tax compliance. However, this study fails to demonstrate the relationship of power with enforced compliance, while enforced compliance is found to negatively affect overall tax compliance.
{"title":"The slippery slope framework: A comprehensive evaluation of factors affecting trust and power","authors":"Mardhiah Mardhiah, Riyana Miranti, R. Tanton","doi":"10.1080/20954816.2023.2189798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20954816.2023.2189798","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Many empirical studies have been conducted to test the assumptions of the slippery slope framework (SSF). However, although the SSF theory has introduced several tax compliance factors that are believed to have associations with trust in tax authorities and power of tax authorities, most studies tend to include only the two main domains of trust and power in the analysis. None of these studies comprehensively investigates the factors. Therefore, this study is dedicated to fully elaborating on these factors and their correlations with the two main domains of trust and power separately and simultaneously. The results show that most factors are proven to significantly influence trust and power. Tax penalties, norms, distributive fairness and retributive fairness significantly and positively influence trust, while audit probabilities, tax penalties, attitudes, norms and retributive fairness have significant and positive correlations with power. The results also confirm the main SSF assumptions that trust leads to voluntary compliance, while voluntary compliance positively affects overall tax compliance. However, this study fails to demonstrate the relationship of power with enforced compliance, while enforced compliance is found to negatively affect overall tax compliance.","PeriodicalId":44280,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Political Studies-EPS","volume":"11 1","pages":"382 - 399"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44656023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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