Pub Date : 2021-11-23DOI: 10.1080/20954816.2021.2000559
A. Aleksandrova, M. Khabib
Abstract The accelerating diffusion of information and communication technologies (ICTs) opens up increasing interactions between nations and between social groups at all development levels. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of ICTs on the gross domestic product (GDP) of countries at different development levels. The investigation of this study shows that in developing nations, the growth of the ICT sector is mostly consumer-oriented and focussed on the provision of electronic services for ultimate customers. On the contrary, in developed countries, it concentrates on the expansion of digitalisation with increasing socio-economic interaction. In developing nations, the ICT sector’s contribution to the GDP is unlikely to increase. A few exceptions are China, India, Malaysia, and Serbia, which are among the top ten leading economies in terms of the growth of the ICT sector. In general, the role of ICTs in the GDP largely depends on the production structure, level of economic development, and employment rate. The results of this study can be useful for countries’ strategic development in ICTs and for improving their digital indicators in the future.
{"title":"The role of information and communication technologies in a country’s GDP: A comparative analysis between developed and developing economies","authors":"A. Aleksandrova, M. Khabib","doi":"10.1080/20954816.2021.2000559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20954816.2021.2000559","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The accelerating diffusion of information and communication technologies (ICTs) opens up increasing interactions between nations and between social groups at all development levels. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of ICTs on the gross domestic product (GDP) of countries at different development levels. The investigation of this study shows that in developing nations, the growth of the ICT sector is mostly consumer-oriented and focussed on the provision of electronic services for ultimate customers. On the contrary, in developed countries, it concentrates on the expansion of digitalisation with increasing socio-economic interaction. In developing nations, the ICT sector’s contribution to the GDP is unlikely to increase. A few exceptions are China, India, Malaysia, and Serbia, which are among the top ten leading economies in terms of the growth of the ICT sector. In general, the role of ICTs in the GDP largely depends on the production structure, level of economic development, and employment rate. The results of this study can be useful for countries’ strategic development in ICTs and for improving their digital indicators in the future.","PeriodicalId":44280,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Political Studies-EPS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43557873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-22DOI: 10.1080/20954816.2021.1996939
Aygun Guliyeva
Abstract In this day and age, improving quality of life (QOL) remains a necessary prerequisite for social progress and the central goal of state policy in many countries worldwide, regardless of their economic development. The aim of this work is to propose a system of indicators able to describe the QOL of the population to the fullest extent possible. The research methodology includes an analysis of modern approaches to explaining the QOL concept and describing its main measurement criteria, as well as a matrix comparison of the fundamental characteristics of well-being. These methods’ application and the subsequently obtained results allow developing the model for the QOL measurement. The system of indicators proposed within this model implies the consideration of both objective and subjective indicators distributed into two blocks for convenience: the Accepted Living Standard (material and environmental indicators) and the Quality of Life Opportunities (individual, cultural, and social indicators). The QOL level is determined by the balance or imbalance between the mean values of these blocks. In such a manner, the study advocates that the modern QOL measurement should consider both objective well-being indicators, collected from the reports of the analysed country’s national statistics service, and subjective indicators characterising the citizens’ perceptions of well-being at the individual level.
{"title":"Measuring quality of life: A system of indicators","authors":"Aygun Guliyeva","doi":"10.1080/20954816.2021.1996939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20954816.2021.1996939","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this day and age, improving quality of life (QOL) remains a necessary prerequisite for social progress and the central goal of state policy in many countries worldwide, regardless of their economic development. The aim of this work is to propose a system of indicators able to describe the QOL of the population to the fullest extent possible. The research methodology includes an analysis of modern approaches to explaining the QOL concept and describing its main measurement criteria, as well as a matrix comparison of the fundamental characteristics of well-being. These methods’ application and the subsequently obtained results allow developing the model for the QOL measurement. The system of indicators proposed within this model implies the consideration of both objective and subjective indicators distributed into two blocks for convenience: the Accepted Living Standard (material and environmental indicators) and the Quality of Life Opportunities (individual, cultural, and social indicators). The QOL level is determined by the balance or imbalance between the mean values of these blocks. In such a manner, the study advocates that the modern QOL measurement should consider both objective well-being indicators, collected from the reports of the analysed country’s national statistics service, and subjective indicators characterising the citizens’ perceptions of well-being at the individual level.","PeriodicalId":44280,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Political Studies-EPS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45718001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-18DOI: 10.1080/20954816.2021.1976903
L. Weill
Abstract This survey aims at briefly summarising key findings of the recent literature dealing with politics and banking. The interplay between banks and politics has received increasing interest in recent years following Dinc (2005) on the influence of elections on bank lending. It focusses on two questions: the influence of elections on bank behaviour, and the interconnections between democracy and banking. Two key findings emerge from the literature. First, elections exert an influence on the banking industry. They affect bank lending and bank failures, with electoral cycles leading to economic costs. Second, democracy has a beneficial impact on the credit conditions of firms. This work provides a roadmap for future research to investigate the political interference in private banks’ behaviour and in developed countries.
{"title":"Politics and banking: A survey of the recent literature","authors":"L. Weill","doi":"10.1080/20954816.2021.1976903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20954816.2021.1976903","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This survey aims at briefly summarising key findings of the recent literature dealing with politics and banking. The interplay between banks and politics has received increasing interest in recent years following Dinc (2005) on the influence of elections on bank lending. It focusses on two questions: the influence of elections on bank behaviour, and the interconnections between democracy and banking. Two key findings emerge from the literature. First, elections exert an influence on the banking industry. They affect bank lending and bank failures, with electoral cycles leading to economic costs. Second, democracy has a beneficial impact on the credit conditions of firms. This work provides a roadmap for future research to investigate the political interference in private banks’ behaviour and in developed countries.","PeriodicalId":44280,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Political Studies-EPS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46086036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/20954816.2021.1976905
S. Ongena
{"title":"Do governments and banks see eye to eye about the environment? Maybe not yet, but can they?","authors":"S. Ongena","doi":"10.1080/20954816.2021.1976905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20954816.2021.1976905","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44280,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Political Studies-EPS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60076904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/20954816.2021.2005281
Xiaoguang Liu, Yuan-Chi Liu, Yan Yan
Abstract In the year 2021, China’s economy continues to recover and moves towards policy normalisation. This report identifies features indicating the beginning of China’s macroeconomic normalisation, the internal and external pressure it faces, and the supporting policies. Due to the economic recovery and the base effect, China’s real GDP growth rate is projected to reach above 8.0% in 2021, and the quarterly growth rate will drop from 18.3% in Q1 to 5.0% in Q4, showing a declining trend. Based on qualitative assessments and statistical forecasts, this report puts forward some policy suggestions.
{"title":"China macroeconomic report 2021: China’s macroeconomy marches towards normalisation","authors":"Xiaoguang Liu, Yuan-Chi Liu, Yan Yan","doi":"10.1080/20954816.2021.2005281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20954816.2021.2005281","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the year 2021, China’s economy continues to recover and moves towards policy normalisation. This report identifies features indicating the beginning of China’s macroeconomic normalisation, the internal and external pressure it faces, and the supporting policies. Due to the economic recovery and the base effect, China’s real GDP growth rate is projected to reach above 8.0% in 2021, and the quarterly growth rate will drop from 18.3% in Q1 to 5.0% in Q4, showing a declining trend. Based on qualitative assessments and statistical forecasts, this report puts forward some policy suggestions.","PeriodicalId":44280,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Political Studies-EPS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43937945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/20954816.2021.1976904
Emanuela Benincasa
Abstract Do cross-country differences in climate policy influence bank lending? This paper focusses on the period 2007–2017 and uses syndicated loan-level data to examine if the stringency of home-country climate policies increases cross-border bank lending. Loan fixed effects allow us to disentangle loan demand from supply and to control for unobserved and observed loan and firm characteristics. I find evidence that a strict home-country climate policy is associated with an increase in banks’ cross-border loan shares. This suggests that the transition to a low-carbon economy might be threatened if global coordination between governments is not enforced.
{"title":"Climate policy and cross-border lending: evidence from the syndicated loan market","authors":"Emanuela Benincasa","doi":"10.1080/20954816.2021.1976904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20954816.2021.1976904","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Do cross-country differences in climate policy influence bank lending? This paper focusses on the period 2007–2017 and uses syndicated loan-level data to examine if the stringency of home-country climate policies increases cross-border bank lending. Loan fixed effects allow us to disentangle loan demand from supply and to control for unobserved and observed loan and firm characteristics. I find evidence that a strict home-country climate policy is associated with an increase in banks’ cross-border loan shares. This suggests that the transition to a low-carbon economy might be threatened if global coordination between governments is not enforced.","PeriodicalId":44280,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Political Studies-EPS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43069220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-29DOI: 10.1080/20954816.2021.1976901
Hayriye Özgül Özkan-Değirmenci
Abstract This study examines how increasing international trade affects the skill wage gap in Turkey. There has been a rapid increase in international trade in Turkey after 2000. As international trade increases, goods produced with higher technologies have a higher share in overall exported products. All these developments raise a question: how does the improvement of technology levels in the Turkish manufacturing industry, together with the increasing demand for skilled workers, change the skill wage gap? To explore this issue, this study utilises the Structure of Earnings Survey Data by the Turkish Statistical Institute. To have more robust results, the quantile regression model is applied to estimate the skill wage gap. One of the most prominent findings of this study is a continuous increase in the skill wage gap even though specific information about firms and workers is controlled.
{"title":"The impact of globalisation on the skill wage gap in Turkey: A quantile regression approach","authors":"Hayriye Özgül Özkan-Değirmenci","doi":"10.1080/20954816.2021.1976901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20954816.2021.1976901","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study examines how increasing international trade affects the skill wage gap in Turkey. There has been a rapid increase in international trade in Turkey after 2000. As international trade increases, goods produced with higher technologies have a higher share in overall exported products. All these developments raise a question: how does the improvement of technology levels in the Turkish manufacturing industry, together with the increasing demand for skilled workers, change the skill wage gap? To explore this issue, this study utilises the Structure of Earnings Survey Data by the Turkish Statistical Institute. To have more robust results, the quantile regression model is applied to estimate the skill wage gap. One of the most prominent findings of this study is a continuous increase in the skill wage gap even though specific information about firms and workers is controlled.","PeriodicalId":44280,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Political Studies-EPS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45964734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-12DOI: 10.1080/20954816.2021.1951482
Qinwen Xu, Jishuang Yu, Xunpeng Shi, Elena Collinson
Abstract While there is a proliferation of studies on China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), there is a gap in the literature in terms of an exploration of the costs and benefits from the perspective of the energy sector, in both the areas of sectoral development and energy transition. This paper uses Australia as a case study. The paper is the first to quantify the impact of the BRI in the energy sector, and the analysis informs the current debates on the BRI in Australia. We find that energy cooperation under the BRI enhances the performance of energy companies, but the Chinese energy investment in Australia faces mounting challenges. We suggest some areas for cooperation and such cooperation could be extended to third countries. Amid the increasing trade and political tensions, the two countries need continued, level-headed discussions and debates about the potential cooperation areas at all levels.
{"title":"The potential of energy cooperation between China and Australia under the Belt and Road Initiative","authors":"Qinwen Xu, Jishuang Yu, Xunpeng Shi, Elena Collinson","doi":"10.1080/20954816.2021.1951482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20954816.2021.1951482","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract While there is a proliferation of studies on China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), there is a gap in the literature in terms of an exploration of the costs and benefits from the perspective of the energy sector, in both the areas of sectoral development and energy transition. This paper uses Australia as a case study. The paper is the first to quantify the impact of the BRI in the energy sector, and the analysis informs the current debates on the BRI in Australia. We find that energy cooperation under the BRI enhances the performance of energy companies, but the Chinese energy investment in Australia faces mounting challenges. We suggest some areas for cooperation and such cooperation could be extended to third countries. Amid the increasing trade and political tensions, the two countries need continued, level-headed discussions and debates about the potential cooperation areas at all levels.","PeriodicalId":44280,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Political Studies-EPS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48578095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-12DOI: 10.1080/20954816.2021.1951481
Osman Antwi‐Boateng, Amira Ali Alhashmi
Abstract Using the Soft Power 30 Index, this research focusses on assessing the soft power status of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) by examining the elements of its soft power and potential challenges it may face in the future. This study conducts in-depth interviews with foreign diplomats and academics based in the UAE and Emirati diplomats and academics. These data are supplemented with primary and secondary data from governmental and international agencies as well as media sources. The UAE’s case demonstrates that soft power can be consciously developed by any country regardless of its regime type, size, location, and religious or racial background by getting its domestic affairs in order. A country’s domestic success in governance, enterprise, culture, education and digital infrastructure leads to global attraction, which ultimately enhances the image of a country such as the UAE. It eventually creates opportunities for more global partnerships and engagements in the areas of multilateralism, philanthropy, peacebuilding, conflict resolution and event hosting. However, these efforts face the following challenges: the threat of widely diffused actions among public and private actors, the financial cost of soft power engagement and projections, the UAE’s lack of a global media platform for shaping global agendas and its increasing use of hard power in response to geopolitical threats which can negatively affect its image.
{"title":"The emergence of the United Arab Emirates as a global soft power: current strategies and future challenges","authors":"Osman Antwi‐Boateng, Amira Ali Alhashmi","doi":"10.1080/20954816.2021.1951481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20954816.2021.1951481","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Using the Soft Power 30 Index, this research focusses on assessing the soft power status of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) by examining the elements of its soft power and potential challenges it may face in the future. This study conducts in-depth interviews with foreign diplomats and academics based in the UAE and Emirati diplomats and academics. These data are supplemented with primary and secondary data from governmental and international agencies as well as media sources. The UAE’s case demonstrates that soft power can be consciously developed by any country regardless of its regime type, size, location, and religious or racial background by getting its domestic affairs in order. A country’s domestic success in governance, enterprise, culture, education and digital infrastructure leads to global attraction, which ultimately enhances the image of a country such as the UAE. It eventually creates opportunities for more global partnerships and engagements in the areas of multilateralism, philanthropy, peacebuilding, conflict resolution and event hosting. However, these efforts face the following challenges: the threat of widely diffused actions among public and private actors, the financial cost of soft power engagement and projections, the UAE’s lack of a global media platform for shaping global agendas and its increasing use of hard power in response to geopolitical threats which can negatively affect its image.","PeriodicalId":44280,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Political Studies-EPS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41461500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-19DOI: 10.1080/20954816.2021.1920194
D. Lien, Peilan Tang
Abstract China and the United States (US) have established respective cultural institutions in each other, namely the Confucius Institute and the American Cultural Centre. While they differ in the establishment background and management model, in their counterpart countries’ view, both Confucius Institutes and American Cultural Centres serve the function of public diplomacy as a ‘quasi-diplomatic agency’, attracting extensive political attention. When comparing the history of their developments in the US and China, a similar trend of ‘rise-to-fall’ and ‘positivity-to-negativity’ can be observed. The stagnation of American Cultural Centres in China and the crisis of Confucius Institutes in the US both originate from the same source — political pressure. The development paths of both institutions are closely related to the development and transformation of Sino–US political relations. In this process, China’s attitude is relatively moderate in an attempt to maintain the continuous development of a friendly bilateral relation, while the US is anxious about China’s rising status as its economic and strategic competitor, thereby adjusting its China policy and imposing rigid political controls over Confucius Institutes. Affected by the Sino–US trade dispute and the COVID-19 pandemic, Sino–US relations deteriorate further; accordingly, the future outlook of Confucius Institutes in the US is worrying. However, with abundant uncertainties, the future of the Confucius Institute remains to be further studied.
{"title":"Let’s play tic-tac-toe: Confucius Institutes versus American Cultural Centres","authors":"D. Lien, Peilan Tang","doi":"10.1080/20954816.2021.1920194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20954816.2021.1920194","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract China and the United States (US) have established respective cultural institutions in each other, namely the Confucius Institute and the American Cultural Centre. While they differ in the establishment background and management model, in their counterpart countries’ view, both Confucius Institutes and American Cultural Centres serve the function of public diplomacy as a ‘quasi-diplomatic agency’, attracting extensive political attention. When comparing the history of their developments in the US and China, a similar trend of ‘rise-to-fall’ and ‘positivity-to-negativity’ can be observed. The stagnation of American Cultural Centres in China and the crisis of Confucius Institutes in the US both originate from the same source — political pressure. The development paths of both institutions are closely related to the development and transformation of Sino–US political relations. In this process, China’s attitude is relatively moderate in an attempt to maintain the continuous development of a friendly bilateral relation, while the US is anxious about China’s rising status as its economic and strategic competitor, thereby adjusting its China policy and imposing rigid political controls over Confucius Institutes. Affected by the Sino–US trade dispute and the COVID-19 pandemic, Sino–US relations deteriorate further; accordingly, the future outlook of Confucius Institutes in the US is worrying. However, with abundant uncertainties, the future of the Confucius Institute remains to be further studied.","PeriodicalId":44280,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Political Studies-EPS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20954816.2021.1920194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41886791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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