Abstract Determining the phase transition data of technological materials used for example to design heat treatment processes is generally a complex and labor-intensive process if high data fidelity is required. This work presents a method based on the standard Jominy end quench test with additional instrumentation that can generate many temperature histories required for the generation of continuous cooling diagrams at the same time, greatly simplifying the process. This method is applied to a simple 16MnCr5 case hardening steel to show the practical execution. The resulting diagram and microstructure is consistent with more complex test methods, showing good performance of the much simpler test method.
{"title":"Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagram of Case Hardening Steel by Instrumented Jominy Test","authors":"S. Hütter, N. Kauss, T. Halle","doi":"10.1515/htm-2023-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/htm-2023-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Determining the phase transition data of technological materials used for example to design heat treatment processes is generally a complex and labor-intensive process if high data fidelity is required. This work presents a method based on the standard Jominy end quench test with additional instrumentation that can generate many temperature histories required for the generation of continuous cooling diagrams at the same time, greatly simplifying the process. This method is applied to a simple 16MnCr5 case hardening steel to show the practical execution. The resulting diagram and microstructure is consistent with more complex test methods, showing good performance of the much simpler test method.","PeriodicalId":44294,"journal":{"name":"HTM-Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84242037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AWT-Info / HTM 04-2023","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/htm-2023-2007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/htm-2023-2007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44294,"journal":{"name":"HTM-Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90351308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Fechte-Heinen, D. Fuhrländer, A. Mehner, H. Decho, M. Castens, K. Burkart, R. Tinscher, T. Stührmann
Abstract The use of hydrogen as a climate-friendly energy source is gaining strongly in importance, as it represents the only solution for short- to medium-term decarbonization for some industrial sectors, such as the steel and basic materials industries. Increasing innovation density and scaling of electrolysis is creating a broader range of uses and applications. So-called green hydrogen can be used as a raw material (basic industry), process gas (direct steel reduction), burner gas (heat treatment) or energy carrier (e.g. transport, energy storage). Depending on the application, hydrogen acts in a cryogenic liquid or gaseous state on the materials with which it comes into contact. This gives rise to various technical requirements that need to be controlled. For the application of hydrogen in large-scale and mass production, appropriate materials and processes will have to be developed that can be used economically and scalably. Considerable R&D activities will be required in the future, from the processing of the starting materials, their property adjustment by heat treatment and coating, to manufacturing processes and testing. This article highlights the current status for selected areas and discusses future material requirements and development potential.
{"title":"The Hydrogen Challenge: Requirements for Future Materials","authors":"R. Fechte-Heinen, D. Fuhrländer, A. Mehner, H. Decho, M. Castens, K. Burkart, R. Tinscher, T. Stührmann","doi":"10.1515/htm-2023-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/htm-2023-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The use of hydrogen as a climate-friendly energy source is gaining strongly in importance, as it represents the only solution for short- to medium-term decarbonization for some industrial sectors, such as the steel and basic materials industries. Increasing innovation density and scaling of electrolysis is creating a broader range of uses and applications. So-called green hydrogen can be used as a raw material (basic industry), process gas (direct steel reduction), burner gas (heat treatment) or energy carrier (e.g. transport, energy storage). Depending on the application, hydrogen acts in a cryogenic liquid or gaseous state on the materials with which it comes into contact. This gives rise to various technical requirements that need to be controlled. For the application of hydrogen in large-scale and mass production, appropriate materials and processes will have to be developed that can be used economically and scalably. Considerable R&D activities will be required in the future, from the processing of the starting materials, their property adjustment by heat treatment and coating, to manufacturing processes and testing. This article highlights the current status for selected areas and discusses future material requirements and development potential.","PeriodicalId":44294,"journal":{"name":"HTM-Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85057843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Quenching and partitioning (Q&P) is a heat treatment used to adjust the retained austenite content in the microstructure. Such heat treatment is used mainly for low-alloyed steels. However, the partitioning effect has an influence on higher alloyed steels also, such as martensitic stainless steels. The typical heat treatment for these steels is quenching and tempering (Q&T). In large-scale tools the cooling rate in the inner area is lower than in the peripheral area, and the central region of the tool might not be cooled down completely to room temperature before the tempering step takes place, resulting in a Q&P instead of a Q&T treatment. This article deals with these effects through dilatometric investigation of steels X40Cr14, “X25CrN13” and “X50CrMoN17-1” at two different austenitizing temperatures and two cooling rates, with a variation of the quenching temperature. It was found that partitioning takes place even at slow cooling rates. However, due to partial pearlite formation and pre-carbide precipitation/coarsening, the retained austenite content may be lower than with rapid cooling. Further, autopartitioning was also detected at slow cooling rates.
{"title":"Investigations on the Effect of Cooling Rate on Quenching & Partitioning (Q&P) in Martensitic Stainless Steels","authors":"S. Kresser, R. Schneider, H. Zunko, C. Sommitsch","doi":"10.1515/htm-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/htm-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Quenching and partitioning (Q&P) is a heat treatment used to adjust the retained austenite content in the microstructure. Such heat treatment is used mainly for low-alloyed steels. However, the partitioning effect has an influence on higher alloyed steels also, such as martensitic stainless steels. The typical heat treatment for these steels is quenching and tempering (Q&T). In large-scale tools the cooling rate in the inner area is lower than in the peripheral area, and the central region of the tool might not be cooled down completely to room temperature before the tempering step takes place, resulting in a Q&P instead of a Q&T treatment. This article deals with these effects through dilatometric investigation of steels X40Cr14, “X25CrN13” and “X50CrMoN17-1” at two different austenitizing temperatures and two cooling rates, with a variation of the quenching temperature. It was found that partitioning takes place even at slow cooling rates. However, due to partial pearlite formation and pre-carbide precipitation/coarsening, the retained austenite content may be lower than with rapid cooling. Further, autopartitioning was also detected at slow cooling rates.","PeriodicalId":44294,"journal":{"name":"HTM-Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75056735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"HTM Praxis","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/htm-2023-2008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/htm-2023-2008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44294,"journal":{"name":"HTM-Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136222653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AWT-Info / HTM 03-2023","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/htm-2023-2005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/htm-2023-2005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44294,"journal":{"name":"HTM-Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135692870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"HTM Praxis","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/htm-2023-2006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/htm-2023-2006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44294,"journal":{"name":"HTM-Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135692871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Imprint / Impressum","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/htm-2023-8003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/htm-2023-8003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44294,"journal":{"name":"HTM-Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135692868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Khajesarvi, S. S. Ghasemi Banadkouki, S. A. Sajjadi
Abstract The purpose of this research work was to investigate the effect of carbon partitioning within ferrite and prior austenite (martensite) during progress of ferrite formation and consequently its relation to the associated martensite hardening in a medium silicon low alloy conventional quench and temper steel. For this aim, several ferrite-martensite dual-phase (DP) samples containing various volume fractions of ferrite and martensite microphases were developed. The X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy with spot and line-scan X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) for carbon analysis were used in conjunction with light microscopy and hardness test to follow the variation of carbon partitioning within ferrite and prior austenite (martensite) regions and consequently the associated martensite hardening in the DP samples.
{"title":"Effect of Carbon Partitioning on Abnormal Martensite Hardening in a Conventional Quench and Temper Medium Silicon Low Alloy Steel under Ferrite-Martensite Dual-Phase Microstructure","authors":"A. Khajesarvi, S. S. Ghasemi Banadkouki, S. A. Sajjadi","doi":"10.1515/htm-2022-1046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/htm-2022-1046","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this research work was to investigate the effect of carbon partitioning within ferrite and prior austenite (martensite) during progress of ferrite formation and consequently its relation to the associated martensite hardening in a medium silicon low alloy conventional quench and temper steel. For this aim, several ferrite-martensite dual-phase (DP) samples containing various volume fractions of ferrite and martensite microphases were developed. The X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy with spot and line-scan X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) for carbon analysis were used in conjunction with light microscopy and hardness test to follow the variation of carbon partitioning within ferrite and prior austenite (martensite) regions and consequently the associated martensite hardening in the DP samples.","PeriodicalId":44294,"journal":{"name":"HTM-Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82392411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.1515/htm-2023-frontmatter3
{"title":"Contents / Inhalt","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/htm-2023-frontmatter3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/htm-2023-frontmatter3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44294,"journal":{"name":"HTM-Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135692869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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