Bidrohi Bhattacharjee, P. Sadhu, Ankur Ganguly, A. K. Naskar
In the system solar power has been used for cultivation. Solar photovoltaic cells convert solar energy into electricity through solar photovoltaic (SPV) effect. Generated DC voltage then converted in to AC voltage by pump controller, this AC voltage is used as the input of Variable Frequency Drive (VFD). The VFD acts as a motor controller that controls the submersible pump motor by varying the frequency and voltage of its input power supply. The VFD is associated with pump controller. Regulated three phase AC voltage is the output of the pump controller which is directly connected with submersible pump. The water thus drawn from bore wells by a solar water pump is pumped to supply for irrigation purpose as required. This system is full off-grid interfaced system appropriate for the village areas. The main goal of this system is to use solar energy at a minimum running cost. The solar powered project is completely eco friendly and the plant is relatively clean with small maintenance. This project helps to reduce the cost of electricity, as well as minimize the overall agricultural cost.
{"title":"Integrated green submersible pumping system for future generation","authors":"Bidrohi Bhattacharjee, P. Sadhu, Ankur Ganguly, A. K. Naskar","doi":"10.2298/fuee2101037b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/fuee2101037b","url":null,"abstract":"In the system solar power has been used for cultivation. Solar photovoltaic\u0000 cells convert solar energy into electricity through solar photovoltaic (SPV)\u0000 effect. Generated DC voltage then converted in to AC voltage by pump\u0000 controller, this AC voltage is used as the input of Variable Frequency Drive\u0000 (VFD). The VFD acts as a motor controller that controls the submersible pump\u0000 motor by varying the frequency and voltage of its input power supply. The\u0000 VFD is associated with pump controller. Regulated three phase AC voltage is\u0000 the output of the pump controller which is directly connected with\u0000 submersible pump. The water thus drawn from bore wells by a solar water pump\u0000 is pumped to supply for irrigation purpose as required. This system is full\u0000 off-grid interfaced system appropriate for the village areas. The main goal\u0000 of this system is to use solar energy at a minimum running cost. The solar\u0000 powered project is completely eco friendly and the plant is relatively clean\u0000 with small maintenance. This project helps to reduce the cost of\u0000 electricity, as well as minimize the overall agricultural cost.","PeriodicalId":44296,"journal":{"name":"Facta Universitatis-Series Electronics and Energetics","volume":"47 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76171939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The usage of wavelets is widespread in many fields nowadays, especially in signal processing. Their nature provides some advantages in comparison to the Fourier transform, and therefore many applications rely on wavelets rather than on other methods. The decomposition of wavelets into detail and approximation coefficients is one of the methods to extract representative audio features. They can be used in signal analysis and further classification. This paper investigates the usage of various wavelet families in the wavelet decomposition to extract audio features of direct current (DC) motor sounds recorded in the production environment. The purpose of feature representation and analysis is the detection of DC motor failures in motor production. The effects of applying different wavelet families and parameters in the decomposition process are studied using sounds of more than 60 motors. Time and frequency analysis is also done for the tested DC motor sounds.
{"title":"Wavelet-based audio features of DC motor sound","authors":"Djordje Damnjanovic, D. Ćirić, Z. Perić","doi":"10.2298/fuee2101071d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/fuee2101071d","url":null,"abstract":"The usage of wavelets is widespread in many fields nowadays, especially in\u0000 signal processing. Their nature provides some advantages in comparison to\u0000 the Fourier transform, and therefore many applications rely on wavelets\u0000 rather than on other methods. The decomposition of wavelets into detail and\u0000 approximation coefficients is one of the methods to extract representative\u0000 audio features. They can be used in signal analysis and further\u0000 classification. This paper investigates the usage of various wavelet\u0000 families in the wavelet decomposition to extract audio features of direct\u0000 current (DC) motor sounds recorded in the production environment. The\u0000 purpose of feature representation and analysis is the detection of DC motor\u0000 failures in motor production. The effects of applying different wavelet\u0000 families and parameters in the decomposition process are studied using\u0000 sounds of more than 60 motors. Time and frequency analysis is also done for\u0000 the tested DC motor sounds.","PeriodicalId":44296,"journal":{"name":"Facta Universitatis-Series Electronics and Energetics","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82169311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) technology is a promising alternative nano-scale technology for CMOS technology. In digital circuits, a multiplexer is one of the most important components. In this study, an efficient and single layer 2 to 1 QCA multiplexer circuit is proposed using majority gate and inverter gate. In addition, efficient 4 to 1 and 8 to 1 QCA multiplexer circuits are implemented using this 2 to 1 multiplexer circuit. The developed multiplexer circuits are implemented in QCADesigner tool. According to the results, the developed 2 to 1, 4 to 1, and 8 to 1 multiplexer circuits utilize 16 (0.01?m2), 96 (0.11?m2), and 286 (0.43?m2) QCA cell (area). The results demonstrate that the proposed 8 to 1 multiplexer circuit reduces the cost by about 25%- 99% compared to the existing multiplexer circuits.
{"title":"Design of novel multiplexer circuits in QCA nanocomputing","authors":"H. Rashidi, A. Rezai","doi":"10.2298/fuee2101105r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/fuee2101105r","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) technology is a promising alternative\u0000 nano-scale technology for CMOS technology. In digital circuits, a\u0000 multiplexer is one of the most important components. In this study, an\u0000 efficient and single layer 2 to 1 QCA multiplexer circuit is proposed using\u0000 majority gate and inverter gate. In addition, efficient 4 to 1 and 8 to 1\u0000 QCA multiplexer circuits are implemented using this 2 to 1 multiplexer\u0000 circuit. The developed multiplexer circuits are implemented in QCADesigner\u0000 tool. According to the results, the developed 2 to 1, 4 to 1, and 8 to 1\u0000 multiplexer circuits utilize 16 (0.01?m2), 96 (0.11?m2), and 286 (0.43?m2)\u0000 QCA cell (area). The results demonstrate that the proposed 8 to 1\u0000 multiplexer circuit reduces the cost by about 25%- 99% compared to the\u0000 existing multiplexer circuits.","PeriodicalId":44296,"journal":{"name":"Facta Universitatis-Series Electronics and Energetics","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79141910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Petrovic, Selena Vasić, Dejan N. Milic, S. Suljovic, Samir Koničanin
In this paper we have analyzed macro-diversity (MD) system with one macro SC diversity (MD SC) receiver and two micro MRC (mD MRC) receivers over correlated Gamma-shadowed k-? fading channel. The average bit error probability (ABEP) is calculated using the moment generating function (MGF) approach for BDPSK and BPSK modulations. Graphical representation of the results illustrates the effects of different parameters of the system on its performance as well as the improvements due to the benefits of a combined micro and macro diversity. The obtained analytical expressions are used for the GPU-enabled mobile network modeling, planning and simulation environment to determine the value of Quality of Service (QoS) parameter. Finally, linear optimization is proposed as an approach to improve the QoS parameter of the fading-affected system observed in this paper.
在本文中，我们分析了一个宏观SC分集(MD SC)接收器和两个微观MRC (MD MRC)接收器在相关γ阴影k-?衰落信道。对BDPSK和BPSK调制，采用矩量生成函数(MGF)方法计算平均误码率(ABEP)。结果的图形表示说明了系统的不同参数对其性能的影响，以及由于微观和宏观多样性相结合的好处所带来的改进。将得到的解析表达式用于支持gpu的移动网络建模、规划和仿真环境，以确定QoS (Quality of Service)参数的值。最后，提出了线性优化的方法来改善本文观测到的受衰落影响系统的QoS参数。
{"title":"GPU-supported simulation for ABEP and QoS analysis of a combined macro diversity system in a gamma-shadowed k-μ fading channel","authors":"N. Petrovic, Selena Vasić, Dejan N. Milic, S. Suljovic, Samir Koničanin","doi":"10.2298/fuee2101089p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/fuee2101089p","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we have analyzed macro-diversity (MD) system with one macro SC\u0000 diversity (MD SC) receiver and two micro MRC (mD MRC) receivers over\u0000 correlated Gamma-shadowed k-? fading channel. The average bit error\u0000 probability (ABEP) is calculated using the moment generating function (MGF)\u0000 approach for BDPSK and BPSK modulations. Graphical representation of the\u0000 results illustrates the effects of different parameters of the system on its\u0000 performance as well as the improvements due to the benefits of a combined\u0000 micro and macro diversity. The obtained analytical expressions are used for\u0000 the GPU-enabled mobile network modeling, planning and simulation environment\u0000 to determine the value of Quality of Service (QoS) parameter. Finally,\u0000 linear optimization is proposed as an approach to improve the QoS parameter\u0000 of the fading-affected system observed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":44296,"journal":{"name":"Facta Universitatis-Series Electronics and Energetics","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91187332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jayanta Pal, Dhrubajyoti Bhowmik, A. Singh, Apu Saha, B. Sen
Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) has emerged as one of the alternative technologies for current CMOS technology. It has the advantage of computing at a faster speed, consuming lower power, and work at Nano- Scale. Besides these advantages, QCA logic is limited to its primitive gates, majority voter and inverter only, results in limitation of cost-efficient logic circuit realization. Numerous designs have been proposed to realize various intricate logic gates in QCA at the penalty of non-uniform clocking and improper layout. This paper proposes a Composite Gate (CG) in QCA, which realizes all the essential digital logic gates such as AND, NAND, Inverter, OR, NOR, and exclusive gates like XOR and XNOR. Reportedly, the proposed design is the first of its kind to generate all basic logic in a single unit. The most striking feature of this work is the augmentation of the underlying clocking circuit with the logic block, making it a more realistic circuit. The Reliable, Efficient, and Scalable (RES) underlying regular clocking scheme is utilized to enhance the proposed design?s scalability and efficiency. The relevance of the proposed design is best cited with coplanar implementation of 2-input symmetric functions, achieving 33% gain in gate count and without any garbage output. The evaluation and analysis of dissipated energy for both the design have been carried out. The end product is verified using the QCADesigner2.0.3 simulator, and QCAPro is employed for the study of power dissipation.
{"title":"Synthesis of composite logic gate in QCA embedding underlying regular clocking","authors":"Jayanta Pal, Dhrubajyoti Bhowmik, A. Singh, Apu Saha, B. Sen","doi":"10.2298/fuee2101115p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/fuee2101115p","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) has emerged as one of the alternative\u0000 technologies for current CMOS technology. It has the advantage of computing\u0000 at a faster speed, consuming lower power, and work at Nano- Scale. Besides\u0000 these advantages, QCA logic is limited to its primitive gates, majority\u0000 voter and inverter only, results in limitation of cost-efficient logic\u0000 circuit realization. Numerous designs have been proposed to realize various\u0000 intricate logic gates in QCA at the penalty of non-uniform clocking and\u0000 improper layout. This paper proposes a Composite Gate (CG) in QCA, which\u0000 realizes all the essential digital logic gates such as AND, NAND, Inverter,\u0000 OR, NOR, and exclusive gates like XOR and XNOR. Reportedly, the proposed\u0000 design is the first of its kind to generate all basic logic in a single\u0000 unit. The most striking feature of this work is the augmentation of the\u0000 underlying clocking circuit with the logic block, making it a more realistic\u0000 circuit. The Reliable, Efficient, and Scalable (RES) underlying regular\u0000 clocking scheme is utilized to enhance the proposed design?s scalability and\u0000 efficiency. The relevance of the proposed design is best cited with coplanar\u0000 implementation of 2-input symmetric functions, achieving 33% gain in gate\u0000 count and without any garbage output. The evaluation and analysis of\u0000 dissipated energy for both the design have been carried out. The end product\u0000 is verified using the QCADesigner2.0.3 simulator, and QCAPro is employed for\u0000 the study of power dissipation.","PeriodicalId":44296,"journal":{"name":"Facta Universitatis-Series Electronics and Energetics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72576532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ben Moussa Oum Salama, Ayad Ahmed Nour El Islam, T. Bouchala
This paper presents eddy current non-destructive characterization of three aeronautical metal sheets by deterministic and stochastic inversion methods. This procedure consists of associating the finite element method with three optimization algorithms (Simplex method and genetic and particle swarm algorithms) simultaneously determine electric conductivity, magnetic permeability and thickness of Al, Ti and 304L stainless steel metal sheets largely used in aeronautical industry. Indeed, the application of these methods has shown the performance of each inversion algorithms. As a result, while doing a qualitative and quantitative comparison, it was found that the Simplex method is more advantageous in comparison with genetic and particle swarm algorithms, since it is faster and more stable .
{"title":"A comparative study of optimization methods for eddy-current characterization of aeronautical metal sheets","authors":"Ben Moussa Oum Salama, Ayad Ahmed Nour El Islam, T. Bouchala","doi":"10.2298/fuee2104547s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/fuee2104547s","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents eddy current non-destructive characterization of three aeronautical metal sheets by deterministic and stochastic inversion methods. This procedure consists of associating the finite element method with three optimization algorithms (Simplex method and genetic and particle swarm algorithms) simultaneously determine electric conductivity, magnetic permeability and thickness of Al, Ti and 304L stainless steel metal sheets largely used in aeronautical industry. Indeed, the application of these methods has shown the performance of each inversion algorithms. As a result, while doing a qualitative and quantitative comparison, it was found that the Simplex method is more advantageous in comparison with genetic and particle swarm algorithms, since it is faster and more stable .","PeriodicalId":44296,"journal":{"name":"Facta Universitatis-Series Electronics and Energetics","volume":"161 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72456851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Alsakati, C. Vaithilingam, K. Prakash, R. Gamboa, A. Jagadeeshwaran, J. Alnasseir
Due to increased load demand, the power system developers are encouraged to meet power quality requirements. Using harmonic filter and capacitor bank is one of the essential solutions in mitigating power quality issues. This research aims to mitigate harmonics and improve the voltage in distribution systems by using ETAP. For this purpose, a distribution system in Homs city is considered, which is a part of Syrian power system. The capacitor banks are designed using numerical analysis and Optimal Capacitor Placement (OCP). The results indicate that this approach enhances the voltage profile, which is reflected in some buses. The voltage profile is effectively improved on several buses, and power losses are significantly reduced. The Total Harmonic Distortions (THDs) and Individual Harmonic Distortions (IHDs) of the subjected buses are reduced. Moreover, the power factor is improved from 0.877 to 0.926 for the studied system.
{"title":"Mitigation of power quality issues in distribution systems using harmonic filters and capacitor banks","authors":"A. Alsakati, C. Vaithilingam, K. Prakash, R. Gamboa, A. Jagadeeshwaran, J. Alnasseir","doi":"10.2298/fuee2104589a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/fuee2104589a","url":null,"abstract":"Due to increased load demand, the power system developers are encouraged to meet power quality requirements. Using harmonic filter and capacitor bank is one of the essential solutions in mitigating power quality issues. This research aims to mitigate harmonics and improve the voltage in distribution systems by using ETAP. For this purpose, a distribution system in Homs city is considered, which is a part of Syrian power system. The capacitor banks are designed using numerical analysis and Optimal Capacitor Placement (OCP). The results indicate that this approach enhances the voltage profile, which is reflected in some buses. The voltage profile is effectively improved on several buses, and power losses are significantly reduced. The Total Harmonic Distortions (THDs) and Individual Harmonic Distortions (IHDs) of the subjected buses are reduced. Moreover, the power factor is improved from 0.877 to 0.926 for the studied system.","PeriodicalId":44296,"journal":{"name":"Facta Universitatis-Series Electronics and Energetics","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90185819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Ciric, Dusan Cvetkovic, Nadja Gavrilovic, N. Stojanović, I. Milentijevic
Intrusion detection system (IDS) is one of the most important components being used to monitor network for possible cyber-attacks. However, the amount of data that should be inspected imposes a great challenge to IDSs. With recent emerge of various big data technologies, there are ways for overcoming the problem of the increased amount of data. Nevertheless, some of this technologies inherit data distribution techniques that can be a problem when splitting a sensitive data such as network data frames across a cluster nodes. The goal of this paper is design and implementation of Hadoop based IDS. In this paper we propose different input split techniques suitable for network data distribution across cloud nodes and test the performances of their Apache Hadoop implementation. Four different data split techniques will be proposed and analysed. The techniques will be described in detail. The system will be evaluated on Apache Hadoop cluster with 17 slave nodes. We will show that processing speed can differ for more than 30% depending on chosen input split design strategy. Additionally, we?ll show that malicious level of network traffic can slow down the processing time, in our case, for nearly 20%. The scalability of the system will al so be discussed.
{"title":"Input splits design techniques for network intrusion detection on Hadoop cluster","authors":"V. Ciric, Dusan Cvetkovic, Nadja Gavrilovic, N. Stojanović, I. Milentijevic","doi":"10.2298/fuee2102239c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/fuee2102239c","url":null,"abstract":"Intrusion detection system (IDS) is one of the most important components being used to monitor network for possible cyber-attacks. However, the amount of data that should be inspected imposes a great challenge to IDSs. With recent emerge of various big data technologies, there are ways for overcoming the problem of the increased amount of data. Nevertheless, some of this technologies inherit data distribution techniques that can be a problem when splitting a sensitive data such as network data frames across a cluster nodes. The goal of this paper is design and implementation of Hadoop based IDS. In this paper we propose different input split techniques suitable for network data distribution across cloud nodes and test the performances of their Apache Hadoop implementation. Four different data split techniques will be proposed and analysed. The techniques will be described in detail. The system will be evaluated on Apache Hadoop cluster with 17 slave nodes. We will show that processing speed can differ for more than 30% depending on chosen input split design strategy. Additionally, we?ll show that malicious level of network traffic can slow down the processing time, in our case, for nearly 20%. The scalability of the system will al so be discussed.","PeriodicalId":44296,"journal":{"name":"Facta Universitatis-Series Electronics and Energetics","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77839644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mitigation of the electromagnetic radiations is essential for reliable communication of information. The challenges lie in achieving sufficiently good absorption over a broad range of frequencies. Considering the applications in airborne and handheld devices where light weight, thin, conformable and broadband absorbers are desired, numerous techniques and methods are applied to design broadband absorbers. In this review paper, a detailed analysis on electromagnetic absorbers including evolution, the materials used, and characteristics such as absorption efficiency over the years is presented. Progress on recent research on various polymer- based and metamaterial- based microwave shields are included along with their findings. Several prospects such as broadbanding, flexibility, multibanding are described here. Various material and structural composition offering good absorption performance in different frequency bands are also summarized whose the techniques can be used for suppressing electromagnetic interference and radar signature. The paper specifies the aspects one encounters while designing and realizing a perfect microwave absorber. Explored here are several works of distinguished authors which are based on various techniques used to achieve good absorption performance with ease of mounting.
{"title":"A review on the pursuit of an optimal microwave absorber","authors":"Soma Chakraborty, S. Chakraborty","doi":"10.2298/fuee2104631c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/fuee2104631c","url":null,"abstract":"Mitigation of the electromagnetic radiations is essential for reliable communication of information. The challenges lie in achieving sufficiently good absorption over a broad range of frequencies. Considering the applications in airborne and handheld devices where light weight, thin, conformable and broadband absorbers are desired, numerous techniques and methods are applied to design broadband absorbers. In this review paper, a detailed analysis on electromagnetic absorbers including evolution, the materials used, and characteristics such as absorption efficiency over the years is presented. Progress on recent research on various polymer- based and metamaterial- based microwave shields are included along with their findings. Several prospects such as broadbanding, flexibility, multibanding are described here. Various material and structural composition offering good absorption performance in different frequency bands are also summarized whose the techniques can be used for suppressing electromagnetic interference and radar signature. The paper specifies the aspects one encounters while designing and realizing a perfect microwave absorber. Explored here are several works of distinguished authors which are based on various techniques used to achieve good absorption performance with ease of mounting.","PeriodicalId":44296,"journal":{"name":"Facta Universitatis-Series Electronics and Energetics","volume":"32 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72462195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents the distributed generator (DG) integration in a radial distribution system (RDS). The DG penetration changes the single power source to multiple power sources and bidirectional load flow which enhances the system reliability and reduces system power losses. The particle swarm optimization and gravitational search algorithm are implemented for the optimal siting and sizing of one and three DG units in the RDS to examine its impact on system reliability and loss reduction. The types of DGs considered are Type I (injects real power) and Type IV (injects reactive and real power). The constant power is the chosen load model. The reliability indices taken for the analysis of system reliability are Average Energy Not Supplied, Total Energy Not Supplied and Average System Interruption Duration Index. The efficacy of the proposed method is validated on 33-bus in the presence of single and multiple DGs. The significant decrease in system power losses with the upgraded bus voltage profile, system reliability and remarkable annual loss saving is analyzed for Type IV DG over Type I DG. The results determined are compared to other meta-heuristic approaches as well as analytical techniques to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed methodology. The results are also statistically verified.
{"title":"Optimal allocation of multiple DGS in RDS using PSO and its impact on system reliability","authors":"S. Parihar, Nitin Malik","doi":"10.2298/fuee2102219p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/fuee2102219p","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the distributed generator (DG) integration in a radial distribution system (RDS). The DG penetration changes the single power source to multiple power sources and bidirectional load flow which enhances the system reliability and reduces system power losses. The particle swarm optimization and gravitational search algorithm are implemented for the optimal siting and sizing of one and three DG units in the RDS to examine its impact on system reliability and loss reduction. The types of DGs considered are Type I (injects real power) and Type IV (injects reactive and real power). The constant power is the chosen load model. The reliability indices taken for the analysis of system reliability are Average Energy Not Supplied, Total Energy Not Supplied and Average System Interruption Duration Index. The efficacy of the proposed method is validated on 33-bus in the presence of single and multiple DGs. The significant decrease in system power losses with the upgraded bus voltage profile, system reliability and remarkable annual loss saving is analyzed for Type IV DG over Type I DG. The results determined are compared to other meta-heuristic approaches as well as analytical techniques to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed methodology. The results are also statistically verified.","PeriodicalId":44296,"journal":{"name":"Facta Universitatis-Series Electronics and Energetics","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90207861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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