Pub Date : 2020-08-16DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2020.1804734
A. Dilsiz, Salah Haj Ismail
ABSTRACT Aleppo, the biggest city of Syria, whose historical center is a world heritage site, has been suffering a savage war caused a huge destruction of its monuments for eight years. Many monuments, forming the urban structure of the old city, were destroyed either directly by actions of war or indirectly by the effects of ground shaking induced by explosions. In 2011, a documentation campaign was implemented by the students of Architecture Faculty, Aleppo University, and the caravansaries of the old city were documented. A strong explosion on March 4th, 2015 in the old city triggered many accelerometers in the region and felt as an earthquake. Recently, with the beginning of the restoration works, an evaluation is necessary for better understanding of the causes of damage, and best intervention approaches in these monuments. In the study, two historical caravansaries were presented and interrelated with the corresponding ground motion. Then, the seismicity of Aleppo is discussed; equivalent explosion-induced seismic effects were estimated and compared with the earthquakes. It is aimed to examine the possibility of applying the analogy with seismic forces on historic buildings to understand the damage caused by war explosions, on the purpose of future intervention for safeguarding the monuments.
{"title":"Documentation and assessment of war induced damage on historic buildings in Aleppo","authors":"A. Dilsiz, Salah Haj Ismail","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2020.1804734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2020.1804734","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Aleppo, the biggest city of Syria, whose historical center is a world heritage site, has been suffering a savage war caused a huge destruction of its monuments for eight years. Many monuments, forming the urban structure of the old city, were destroyed either directly by actions of war or indirectly by the effects of ground shaking induced by explosions. In 2011, a documentation campaign was implemented by the students of Architecture Faculty, Aleppo University, and the caravansaries of the old city were documented. A strong explosion on March 4th, 2015 in the old city triggered many accelerometers in the region and felt as an earthquake. Recently, with the beginning of the restoration works, an evaluation is necessary for better understanding of the causes of damage, and best intervention approaches in these monuments. In the study, two historical caravansaries were presented and interrelated with the corresponding ground motion. Then, the seismicity of Aleppo is discussed; equivalent explosion-induced seismic effects were estimated and compared with the earthquakes. It is aimed to examine the possibility of applying the analogy with seismic forces on historic buildings to understand the damage caused by war explosions, on the purpose of future intervention for safeguarding the monuments.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":"26 1","pages":"291 - 308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13556207.2020.1804734","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49318595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-21DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2020.1790145
Ismet Çalik, A. Bayraktar, T. Türker, H. Karadeniz
ABSTRACT Historical masonry stone mosques with timber truss roofs were widely constructed all over the world. Due to the complex structural behaviors of this type of building, it is difficult to determine natural frequencies during the seismic safety evaluations numerically. The article aims to develop simplified natural frequency formulas based on ambient vibrations for the historical masonry stone mosques with timber truss roofs. Fourteen masonry stone mosques with timber truss roofs built in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey are selected for the study. Experimental natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratios of the selected mosques under ambient vibrations are determined using the Operational Modal Analyses. Ambient vibration-based simplified natural frequency formulas based on the geometrical dimensions for the masonry stone mosques with timber truss roofs are obtained by using the statistical regression analysis. The proposed formulas for the first three frequencies are verified with the control data.
{"title":"Ambient vibration based-simplified frequency formulas for historical masonry stone mosques with timber truss roofs","authors":"Ismet Çalik, A. Bayraktar, T. Türker, H. Karadeniz","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2020.1790145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2020.1790145","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Historical masonry stone mosques with timber truss roofs were widely constructed all over the world. Due to the complex structural behaviors of this type of building, it is difficult to determine natural frequencies during the seismic safety evaluations numerically. The article aims to develop simplified natural frequency formulas based on ambient vibrations for the historical masonry stone mosques with timber truss roofs. Fourteen masonry stone mosques with timber truss roofs built in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey are selected for the study. Experimental natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratios of the selected mosques under ambient vibrations are determined using the Operational Modal Analyses. Ambient vibration-based simplified natural frequency formulas based on the geometrical dimensions for the masonry stone mosques with timber truss roofs are obtained by using the statistical regression analysis. The proposed formulas for the first three frequencies are verified with the control data.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":"26 1","pages":"247 - 264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13556207.2020.1790145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44712373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-25DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2020.1785758
Mette Midtgaard, I. Brajer, M. Taube
ABSTRACT This paper presents evidence supported by scientific analyses and historical documents that medieval plasters used for wall paintings in Denmark were, with high probability, produced by mixing quicklime, aggregate and water in an exothermic process, resulting in a mortar referred to as hot-mixed. This process enables the production of plaster with a very high binder content. Previous thin-section analyses were supplemented by recent analyses of samples collected from three medieval wall paintings in Danish churches. Also included in the analyses were plaster samples produced from hot-mixed mortar and samples produced from lime putty mortar. The analyses of the medieval plasters showed an average binder content in the range of two parts lime to one part aggregate. Moreover, lime inclusions, a characteristic of hot-mix, were found in all samples. SEM analyses showed a similar microstructure in the medieval plasters and the samples produced by hot-mixed mortar, while significant differences were found between the medieval plaster and lime putty samples.
{"title":"Hot-mixed lime mortar: historical and analytical evidence of its use in medieval wall painting plaster","authors":"Mette Midtgaard, I. Brajer, M. Taube","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2020.1785758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2020.1785758","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper presents evidence supported by scientific analyses and historical documents that medieval plasters used for wall paintings in Denmark were, with high probability, produced by mixing quicklime, aggregate and water in an exothermic process, resulting in a mortar referred to as hot-mixed. This process enables the production of plaster with a very high binder content. Previous thin-section analyses were supplemented by recent analyses of samples collected from three medieval wall paintings in Danish churches. Also included in the analyses were plaster samples produced from hot-mixed mortar and samples produced from lime putty mortar. The analyses of the medieval plasters showed an average binder content in the range of two parts lime to one part aggregate. Moreover, lime inclusions, a characteristic of hot-mix, were found in all samples. SEM analyses showed a similar microstructure in the medieval plasters and the samples produced by hot-mixed mortar, while significant differences were found between the medieval plaster and lime putty samples.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":"26 1","pages":"235 - 246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13556207.2020.1785758","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49595522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-25DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2020.1782105
Zehra Babutsalı Alpler, Nil Paşaoğluları Şahin, U. Dağlı
ABSTRACT Adaptive reuse has been successfully applied in many types of facilities. It is possible to see examples of culturally significant industrial buildings’ adaptive reuse. Altering adaptations as film spaces has become a fascinating debate recently. The aim of this study is to investigate efficiency of adapting industrial heritage buildings as film spaces on the long-term conservation and sustainable future of these buildings. Three industrial buildings that have been adaptively reused as film spaces in İstanbul, Turkey (soap-factory, warehouse for carbonated water and listed building at Beykoz Leather and Shoe Factory) are cases of this study. This study concludes that cultural significance is retained due to minimal changes observed on the external characteristics. Their reuse as film spaces has enriched the physical, locational/environmental and social/cultural performance of industrial heritage buildings. Two different approaches as temporary and permanent have been investigated. This study concludes that adapting industrial heritage buildings as film spaces is an appropriate decision, especially when it is adopted permanently with holistic/comprehensive approach from the beginning of adaptation process as creative hub of production. Results suggest that this approach has brought diverse additional impacts, both to conservation of these significant buildings and to their locations’ social, physical and economic well-being.
{"title":"A critical discussion of industrial heritage buildings adaptive re-use as film spaces, case study: industrial heritage buildings at Istanbul.","authors":"Zehra Babutsalı Alpler, Nil Paşaoğluları Şahin, U. Dağlı","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2020.1782105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2020.1782105","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Adaptive reuse has been successfully applied in many types of facilities. It is possible to see examples of culturally significant industrial buildings’ adaptive reuse. Altering adaptations as film spaces has become a fascinating debate recently. The aim of this study is to investigate efficiency of adapting industrial heritage buildings as film spaces on the long-term conservation and sustainable future of these buildings. Three industrial buildings that have been adaptively reused as film spaces in İstanbul, Turkey (soap-factory, warehouse for carbonated water and listed building at Beykoz Leather and Shoe Factory) are cases of this study. This study concludes that cultural significance is retained due to minimal changes observed on the external characteristics. Their reuse as film spaces has enriched the physical, locational/environmental and social/cultural performance of industrial heritage buildings. Two different approaches as temporary and permanent have been investigated. This study concludes that adapting industrial heritage buildings as film spaces is an appropriate decision, especially when it is adopted permanently with holistic/comprehensive approach from the beginning of adaptation process as creative hub of production. Results suggest that this approach has brought diverse additional impacts, both to conservation of these significant buildings and to their locations’ social, physical and economic well-being.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":"26 1","pages":"215 - 234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13556207.2020.1782105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46070751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-18DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2020.1780052
D. Urquhart
ABSTRACT In Britain, the use of concrete as a construction material is relatively recent. The first recorded concrete bridge in Britain was built in 1867, but because it used lime concrete it did not survive and was replaced by a Portland-cement concrete bridge in 1873. It was not until 1880 that the first mass-concrete railway bridge in Scotland was constructed. By the end of the nineteenth century mass concrete for bridges was being replaced by reinforced concrete. This paper discusses the issues surrounding the early concrete bridges in Scotland that were constructed up to 1950. This was the period when concrete developed from an innovative but poorly understood material to what might be recognised as modern concrete with research-based design codes. Within Scotland approximately forty-eight percent of all concrete bridges built up to 1950 are listed buildings, with many more being of genuine historic interest and part of our heritage. These early bridges are now of an age where concrete deterioration is becoming more of a concern and unless appropriate, conservation-based action is taken, their survivability as part of the built heritage may be compromised.
{"title":"The early concrete bridges of Scotland: a heritage at risk?","authors":"D. Urquhart","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2020.1780052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2020.1780052","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In Britain, the use of concrete as a construction material is relatively recent. The first recorded concrete bridge in Britain was built in 1867, but because it used lime concrete it did not survive and was replaced by a Portland-cement concrete bridge in 1873. It was not until 1880 that the first mass-concrete railway bridge in Scotland was constructed. By the end of the nineteenth century mass concrete for bridges was being replaced by reinforced concrete. This paper discusses the issues surrounding the early concrete bridges in Scotland that were constructed up to 1950. This was the period when concrete developed from an innovative but poorly understood material to what might be recognised as modern concrete with research-based design codes. Within Scotland approximately forty-eight percent of all concrete bridges built up to 1950 are listed buildings, with many more being of genuine historic interest and part of our heritage. These early bridges are now of an age where concrete deterioration is becoming more of a concern and unless appropriate, conservation-based action is taken, their survivability as part of the built heritage may be compromised.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":"26 1","pages":"201 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13556207.2020.1780052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47297785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2020.1761684
R. Sabri, O. Olagoke
ABSTRACT The protection of colonial-era buildings as part of the modern heritage is now viewed more positively as part of the texture of urban memory and fabric. However, there are major challenges for the preservation of ecclesiastical buildings erected in Christianized non-Western territories during the European colonial era. By utilizing physical observations, interviews and primary documents, this paper examines the current conservation state of colonial-era Anglican ecclesiastical heritage as well as the mechanics of their upkeep, using the early church buildings in Yorubaland (South West Nigeria) as the empirical focus. This article raises questions about challenges and threats to their protection, revealing the deficiencies in conservation know-how and problems with the current management structure, in particular the way the original buildings’ fabric is modified or the building demolished to create more space. The paper proposes a set of recommendations for building institutional capacity for a better way forward. The example of Anglican ecclesiastical heritage in Yorubaland offers insights into colonial-era’s heritage in sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere.
{"title":"A vanishing legacy? threats and challenges in the conservation of the colonial era’s Anglican ecclesiastical heritage in Yorubaland","authors":"R. Sabri, O. Olagoke","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2020.1761684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2020.1761684","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The protection of colonial-era buildings as part of the modern heritage is now viewed more positively as part of the texture of urban memory and fabric. However, there are major challenges for the preservation of ecclesiastical buildings erected in Christianized non-Western territories during the European colonial era. By utilizing physical observations, interviews and primary documents, this paper examines the current conservation state of colonial-era Anglican ecclesiastical heritage as well as the mechanics of their upkeep, using the early church buildings in Yorubaland (South West Nigeria) as the empirical focus. This article raises questions about challenges and threats to their protection, revealing the deficiencies in conservation know-how and problems with the current management structure, in particular the way the original buildings’ fabric is modified or the building demolished to create more space. The paper proposes a set of recommendations for building institutional capacity for a better way forward. The example of Anglican ecclesiastical heritage in Yorubaland offers insights into colonial-era’s heritage in sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":"26 1","pages":"166 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13556207.2020.1761684","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42149527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2020.1768480
S. Singh, M. Singh
ABSTRACT We report studies on brick-lime stepwell plasters used in the construction of twelfth century Gandhak-ki-baoli in south Delhi. The analytical examinations were performed using thin section, sieve analysis, XRD, XRF, FTIR, SEM-EDX and thermal analysis of the plasters. Studies indicate that elevated temperature fired coarse brick aggregate mainly improved the mechanical properties and permeability of the plaster. The coarse brick grains played the role of filler, as analytical examination evidenced the existence of partial hydraulicity in the plasters. Sieve analysis demonstrates the use of mainly medium to coarse size aggregate grains leading to better carbonation of lime. XRD and FTIR data indicate brick used was fired at a high temperature that destroyed the crystalline structure of the clays and loss of pozzolanic activity due to the reduced surface area and formation of high-temperature mineral phases. The Calcium silicate formed at the brick-lime junction reduced the porosity and improved the strength of the plaster beside making the plaster partial hydraulic.
{"title":"The mineralogical and physical behavior of brick aggregates in twelfth century brick-lime stepwell plasters of Gandhak-ki-baoli, New Delhi","authors":"S. Singh, M. Singh","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2020.1768480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2020.1768480","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We report studies on brick-lime stepwell plasters used in the construction of twelfth century Gandhak-ki-baoli in south Delhi. The analytical examinations were performed using thin section, sieve analysis, XRD, XRF, FTIR, SEM-EDX and thermal analysis of the plasters. Studies indicate that elevated temperature fired coarse brick aggregate mainly improved the mechanical properties and permeability of the plaster. The coarse brick grains played the role of filler, as analytical examination evidenced the existence of partial hydraulicity in the plasters. Sieve analysis demonstrates the use of mainly medium to coarse size aggregate grains leading to better carbonation of lime. XRD and FTIR data indicate brick used was fired at a high temperature that destroyed the crystalline structure of the clays and loss of pozzolanic activity due to the reduced surface area and formation of high-temperature mineral phases. The Calcium silicate formed at the brick-lime junction reduced the porosity and improved the strength of the plaster beside making the plaster partial hydraulic.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":"26 1","pages":"184 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13556207.2020.1768480","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48082027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-16DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2020.1736832
Mojtaba Pour Ahmadi, Nikoo Dolatkhah
ABSTRACT This research is an attempt to reconsider current Iranian building placement and plot coverage regulations which in combination define the permitted building footprints for new constructions in the historical districts of cities. Since their introduction to the Iranian building control system about eighty years ago these regulations have had a vast disruptive effect on the form of organic urban fabrics of Iranian cities. It is discussed that the current regulations are based on some western building typologies which are alien to the old cities of this country and in order to conserve basic formal characteristics of the remaining valuable urban fabrics of Iran these regulations should be based on vernacular patterns of architecture. As a case study Rasht city, in northern Iran, is examined and through studying its historical architecture it is attempted to identify the prevailing patterns for building placement, common dimensions of building mass, courtyards, and plot coverage ratios as a plausible basis for a new context-based regulation on building footprints. Considering these points in new regulations or guidelines will guarantee that the footprint of new constructions in the historical district of Rasht will be in harmony with their context in terms of geometrical attributes and dimensions.
{"title":"Rethinking building footprint regulations towards conservation of historical urban fabrics: a case study of Rasht city","authors":"Mojtaba Pour Ahmadi, Nikoo Dolatkhah","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2020.1736832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2020.1736832","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This research is an attempt to reconsider current Iranian building placement and plot coverage regulations which in combination define the permitted building footprints for new constructions in the historical districts of cities. Since their introduction to the Iranian building control system about eighty years ago these regulations have had a vast disruptive effect on the form of organic urban fabrics of Iranian cities. It is discussed that the current regulations are based on some western building typologies which are alien to the old cities of this country and in order to conserve basic formal characteristics of the remaining valuable urban fabrics of Iran these regulations should be based on vernacular patterns of architecture. As a case study Rasht city, in northern Iran, is examined and through studying its historical architecture it is attempted to identify the prevailing patterns for building placement, common dimensions of building mass, courtyards, and plot coverage ratios as a plausible basis for a new context-based regulation on building footprints. Considering these points in new regulations or guidelines will guarantee that the footprint of new constructions in the historical district of Rasht will be in harmony with their context in terms of geometrical attributes and dimensions.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":"26 1","pages":"129 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13556207.2020.1736832","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44269752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-14DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2020.1738727
Carolyn Ahmer
ABSTRACT ‘The Modern Cult of Monuments: Its Character and Origin’ (1903), written by Alois Riegl, is the first systematic analysis of heritage values and of a theory of restoration. His values and concepts became fundamental principles of the Venice Charter (1964). However, in conjunction with the 50th Anniversary of the Charter in 2014, it was pointed out that the attempt to reconcile notions of the monument with the ‘postmodern’ idea of multiple and shifting values has resulted in an ever-expanding definition of the ‘monument’ – without serious questioning of the underlying principles that guide its treatment. This article analyzes Riegl’s ‘commemorative values’ and ‘present-day values’ in the light of the conservation and restoration work of the Norwegian architect Kristian Bjerknes, who in 1979 was awarded a European prize for his preservation of cultural heritage. His work illustrates how Riegl’s age value theory can be used for a wide variety of building types and situations. Bjerknes applied it as a strategy for conservation and restoration of wooden buildings, and in adapting architectural heritage to modern living conditions. He also transferred the theory to museum work and to the rebuilding of demolished buildings. His preservation work illustrates how theory and practice are interwined.
摘要：阿洛伊斯·里格尔（Alois Riegl）的《现代古迹文化：其特征和起源》（The Modern Cult of Monuments:Its Character and Origin）（1903）是对遗产价值和修复理论的首次系统分析。他的价值观和理念成为《威尼斯宪章》（1964年）的基本原则。然而，在2014年《宪章》颁布50周年之际，有人指出，试图将纪念碑的概念与多元和不断变化的价值观的“后现代”理念相调和，导致了对“纪念碑”的定义不断扩大，而没有对指导其处理的基本原则提出严重质疑。本文结合挪威建筑师克里斯蒂安·比约克内斯的保护和修复工作，分析了里格尔的“纪念价值”和“现代价值”。比约克内斯于1979年因其文化遗产保护而获得欧洲奖。他的作品说明了里格尔的年龄价值理论如何适用于各种建筑类型和情况。Bjerknes将其作为木建筑的保护和修复策略，并将建筑遗产适应现代生活条件。他还将这一理论转移到博物馆工作和被拆除建筑的重建中。他的保存工作说明了理论和实践是如何交织在一起的。
{"title":"Riegl’s ‘Modern Cult of Monuments’ as a theory underpinning practical conservation and restoration work","authors":"Carolyn Ahmer","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2020.1738727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2020.1738727","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT ‘The Modern Cult of Monuments: Its Character and Origin’ (1903), written by Alois Riegl, is the first systematic analysis of heritage values and of a theory of restoration. His values and concepts became fundamental principles of the Venice Charter (1964). However, in conjunction with the 50th Anniversary of the Charter in 2014, it was pointed out that the attempt to reconcile notions of the monument with the ‘postmodern’ idea of multiple and shifting values has resulted in an ever-expanding definition of the ‘monument’ – without serious questioning of the underlying principles that guide its treatment. This article analyzes Riegl’s ‘commemorative values’ and ‘present-day values’ in the light of the conservation and restoration work of the Norwegian architect Kristian Bjerknes, who in 1979 was awarded a European prize for his preservation of cultural heritage. His work illustrates how Riegl’s age value theory can be used for a wide variety of building types and situations. Bjerknes applied it as a strategy for conservation and restoration of wooden buildings, and in adapting architectural heritage to modern living conditions. He also transferred the theory to museum work and to the rebuilding of demolished buildings. His preservation work illustrates how theory and practice are interwined.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":"26 1","pages":"150 - 165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13556207.2020.1738727","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47833922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-09DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2020.1735089
Esperanza González-Redondo
ABSTRACT Timber-framed houses with a courtyard and construction set around it, believed first to be built in the seventeenth century, became the most common collective housing for factory workers in the late nineteenth century in Madrid, and also spread to Central and South America. However, their origin, development, the dating of the over 400 preserved, and how the design of the construction detailing is related to common structural decay and damage, remain unknown. The research reveals that structural failures led to the demolition of many buildings, and that new floors were added to many since the late eighteenth century. Today, poor conservation, and inappropriate renovations and intervention techniques prevent us from ascertaining whether they retain their basic substrate, the layout of dwellings and timber structures. A detailed study of the most relevant types shows the original structures discovered, later additions studied, faulty design assessment, and damage inspected.
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