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Introduction: Philosophical Examinations of the Anthropocene 导言:人类世的哲学审视
IF 0.3 3区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.10.suppl.1
Richard Sťahel
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引用次数: 0
Principles of Environmental Political Philosophy 环境政治哲学原理
IF 0.3 3区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.10.suppl.2
Břetislav Horyna
Defining the problem: how political philosophy becomes environmental political philosophy. It is assumed that political philosophy is not represented by a purely conceptual analysis of basic political categories (justice, equality, freedom, etc.), but by everyday and habitual political decisions and the actions that follow them. The aim of transforming political philosophy is to articulate it as an instrument of change in the management of society. At the present time (Anthropocene) nature cannot exist as a technological program. A closed, clear, obvious and unambiguous ontological determination of nature is not admitted in its specifically capitalist construction. Context triumphs over nature, and it is only the context of the appreciative economy that puts the terms “nature” and “value” in context.
界定问题:政治哲学如何成为环境政治哲学。政治哲学不是对基本政治范畴(正义、平等、自由等)的纯粹概念性分析,而是日常和习惯性的政治决策及其后续行动。转变政治哲学的目的是将其阐明为社会管理变革的工具。在当今时代(人类世),自然不能作为一种技术程序而存在。在具体的资本主义构造中,自然的封闭、清晰、明显和明确的本体论决定是不被承认的。语境战胜了自然,而只有欣赏型经济的语境才能将 "自然 "和 "价值 "这两个术语置于语境之中。
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引用次数: 0
Adler and the Debate on Revelation in Golden Age Denmark 阿德勒与黄金时代丹麦的启示录之争
IF 0.3 3区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.10.2
Nassim Bravo
In 1843, Adolph Peter Adler, a pastor of the Danish Church, claimed that he had received a supernatural revelation in which Christ spoke to him. The event triggered a religious controversy. In this article, I would like to offer an analysis of the episode of Adler’s alleged revelation by taking as a frame of reference the philosophical and theological debates of the time, the reaction of the ecclesiastical authorities to the incident, and Søren Kierkegaard’s own proposed diagnosis of the case. Such an analysis will allow us to reach a conclusion regarding the discussion of the time surrounding Adler’s episode, namely, that a contemporary revelation seems to present insurmountable difficulties within the margin of the orthodoxy defended by the Danish Church in the first half of the nineteenth century. A rationalist view, such as that adopted by the Danish Church in this period, holds that any discussion of Christian doctrine and its sources must be rationally explicable. The Scriptures, from this point of view, can and should be interpreted from the free, rational, and scientific perspective of the professional theologian. That said, if by “revelation” is meant a supernatural and subjective phenomenon, it follows that there can be no rational reflection on such a revelation. Therefore, it seems that a revelation – especially a contemporary revelation – cannot coexist with a rationalist theology.
1843 年,丹麦教会牧师阿道夫-彼得-阿德勒声称他得到了超自然的启示,基督在启示中对他说话。这一事件引发了一场宗教争议。在本文中,我将以当时的哲学和神学争论、教会当局对这一事件的反应以及索伦-克尔凯郭尔本人对这一事件的诊断为参考框架,对阿德勒所谓的启示事件进行分析。通过这样的分析,我们可以就当时围绕阿德勒事件的讨论得出一个结论,即在十九世纪上半叶丹麦教会所捍卫的正统观念范围内,当代启示似乎带来了难以克服的困难。理性主义观点,如丹麦教会在这一时期所采用的观点,认为对基督教教义及其来源的任何讨论都必须是可以理性解释的。从这一观点出发,圣经可以也应该从专业神学家的自由、理性和科学的角度来解释。也就是说,如果 "启示 "指的是超自然的主观现象,那么对这种启示就不可能有理性的思考。因此,启示--尤其是当代启示--似乎无法与理性主义神学共存。
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引用次数: 0
Deconstructing the Anthropocene with Speculative Cosmology 用推测宇宙学解构人类世
IF 0.3 3区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.10.suppl.10
Elise Lamy-rested
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引用次数: 0
Joseph Priestley a jeho vysvětlení lidské mysli a jejích procesů na základě teorie vibrací 约瑟夫-普里斯特利及其基于振动理论对人类思维及其过程的解释
IF 0.3 3区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.10.6
Eva Peterková
The presented article describes the theory of vibrations as we can find it in the work of Joseph Priestley. Priestley was an English polymath of the 18th century, who became known primarily for his controversial political and theological opinions, but also for his proclamation of materialism and determinism. In this article, we will focus on individual areas of his theory of perception and knowledge. It will be described how impressions, sensations and ideas arise and how even more complex operations of the mind can be explained based on this theory – the emergence of abstract ideas, thinking, memory and other mental faculties. We will also focus on the question of how it is possible to connect ideas with body movements and human will.
本文介绍了约瑟夫-普里斯特利作品中的振动理论。普里斯特利是 18 世纪英国的多面手,主要因其具有争议性的政治和神学观点而闻名,同时也因其宣扬唯物主义和决定论而闻名。在本文中,我们将重点讨论他的感知和知识理论的各个领域。我们将介绍印象、感觉和观念是如何产生的,以及如何根据这一理论解释更为复杂的思维活动--抽象观念、思维、记忆和其他心智能力的产生。我们还将重点探讨如何将观念与身体运动和人的意志联系起来的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Natura Fluens: Time and Nature in Avicenna’s The Physics of Healing 自然流体:阿维森纳《治疗物理学》中的时间与自然
IF 0.3 3区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.10.3
M. K. Isik
This work concerns Avicenna ’s account of nature, mainly as it engages with Aristotle ’s Physics . By discussing two accounts of nature, particularly their treatment of motion and rest, I wish to highlight Avicenna ’s addendum to Aristotle ’s account of nature. Integral to my argument shall be Avicenna ’s emphasis on the necessity of understanding components of nature in temporal terms. Incorporating his idea of the “ flowing now ” into nature, Avicenna ’s physics, I suggest, constantly emphasizes the place of temporality operative in natural occurrences. In doing so, he does not simply incorporate time into his account of nature but sees temporality as the necessary ground of the natural. Constantly asserting the temporal nature of motion and rest, he affirms the happening and event - based character of nature and highlights the becoming operative in it. He presents an account of nature qua natura fluens , or “ flowing nature .”
这部著作涉及阿维森纳的自然观,主要是其与亚里士多德《物理学》的关系。通过讨论两种自然学说,特别是它们对运动和静止的处理,我希望强调阿维森纳对亚里士多德自然学说的补充。阿维森纳强调从时间角度理解自然组成部分的必要性,这与我的论点密不可分。我认为,阿维森纳的物理学将他的 "流动的现在 "理念融入自然,不断强调时间性在自然现象中的作用。他这样做并不是简单地将时间纳入他对自然的描述,而是将时间性视为自然的必要基础。他不断强调运动和静止的时间性,肯定了自然的发生和事件特征,并强调了自然中的 "成为"。他对自然的描述是 "流动的自然"(qua natura fluens)。
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引用次数: 0
Internal History of Philosophy 哲学内部史
IF 0.3 3区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.10.4
Attila Hangai
I defend an internal history of philosophy that prioritizes philosophical reasons over cultural factors. This approach contrasts with a broadly contextualist endeavor invoking cultural factors without clear ground. I argue that the latter path is either too permissive or leads to aiming at a complete historical account. Neither way is acceptable: the former obliterates the correctness of interpretation; the latter dissolves history of philosophy in general history and is practically impossible. Instead, the internal history I propose – based primarily on Michael Frede’s and Maurice Mandelbaum’s historiography – prioritizes philosophical reasoning and appeals to external contextual factors in a principled way when it is necessary to supplement philosophical considerations.
我为哲学内部史辩护,认为哲学原因优先于文化因素。这种方法与没有明确依据而援引文化因素的广义语境主义努力形成鲜明对比。我认为,后一条道路要么过于放任,要么导致以完整的历史叙述为目标。这两种方法都是不可接受的:前者抹杀了阐释的正确性;后者将哲学史溶解在通史中,实际上是不可能的。相反,我提出的内部历史--主要基于迈克尔-弗雷德(Michael Frede)和莫里斯-曼德尔鲍姆(Maurice Mandelbaum)的历史学--优先考虑哲学推理,并在需要补充哲学考量时,有原则地诉诸外部语境因素。
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引用次数: 0
On Global Environmental Citizenship in the Context of the Anthropocene and the Deepening Environmental Crisis 人类世与日益加深的环境危机背景下的全球环境公民意识
IF 0.3 3区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.10.suppl.7
A. Mravcová
The Anthropocene period has brought an unprecedented expansion of civilisation and enormous technological advances leading to a highly interconnected world. However, all this has come at the expense of the environment. The exploitation of nature along with the reckless and predatory life of humans have gradually led to the emergence of a global environmental crisis which, even with all the means and decades of efforts of the world community, has not been solved or even necessarily mitigated. The paper seeks to highlight and examine the significance of the emerging concept of environmental citizenship in the context of Anthropocene and the deepening environmental crisis, building on the fundamental features of classical citizenship, mainly its unifying potential, which led to the rise of its global dimensions. The emphasis is also partially focused on environmental political responsibility, which is in line with our core concept. Findings point to the growing potential of environmental citizenship to avoid the catastrophic predictions based on maintaining the current status. We argue that environmental citizenship should be seen as a possible basis for a necessary change in the organisation of society, which inevitably requires an active political approach.
人类世时期带来了史无前例的文明扩张和巨大的技术进步,导致了一个高度互联的世界。然而,这一切都以牺牲环境为代价。人类对大自然的开发,加上人类不计后果的掠夺性生活,逐渐导致了全球环境危机的出现,即使国际社会采取了各种手段并付出了数十年的努力,这场危机仍未得到解决,甚至不一定得到缓解。本文试图在经典公民权的基本特征(主要是其团结潜力)的基础上,强调和研究在人类世和不断加深的环境危机背景下新出现的环境公民权概念的意义,这导致了其全球维度的上升。重点也部分集中在环境政治责任上,这与我们的核心理念是一致的。研究结果表明,环境公民权的潜力正在不断增长,以避免基于维持现状的灾难性预测。我们认为,环境公民意识应被视为对社会组织进行必要变革的可能基础,而这不可避免地需要一种积极的政治方法。
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引用次数: 0
My v Ja alebo Ja v My? Kolektívna intencionalita a jastvo 我中有我还是我中有我?集体意向性与自我
IF 0.3 3区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.10.1
Dan Zahavi
The article takes issue with the proposal that dominant accounts of collective intentionality suffer from an individualist bias and that one should instead reverse the order of explanation and give primacy to the we and the community. It discusses different versions of the community first view and argues that they fail because they operate with too simplistic a conception of what it means to be a self and misunderstand what it means to be (part of) a we. In presenting this argument, the article seeks to demonstrate that a thorough investigation of collective intentionality has to address the status and nature of the we, and that doing so will require an analysis of the relation between the we and the I, which in turn will call for a more explicit engagement with the question of selfhood than is customary in contemporary discussions of collective intentionality.
文章对关于集体意向性的主流论述存在个人主义偏见的观点提出质疑,认为应该颠倒解释顺序,将 "我们 "和 "社群 "放在首位。文章讨论了不同版本的社群第一观点,认为这些观点之所以失败,是因为它们对自我的含义的理解过于简单,误解了我们(的一部分)的含义。在提出这一论点的过程中,文章试图证明,对集体意向性的彻底研究必须解决 "我们 "的地位和性质问题,而要做到这一点,就必须分析 "我们 "与 "我 "之间的关系,这反过来又要求比当代集体意向性讨论中惯常的做法更明确地介入自我性问题。
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引用次数: 0
Vedecké poznávanie a pragma-dialektika 科学认知与实用辩证法
3区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.8.6
Miloš Taliga
Based on a critical analysis of a specific theory of knowledge course, Gábor Zemplén has identified several barriers frustrating efforts to support critical thinking in science education. He proposes three strategies of how to bolster up critical thinking skills in teaching science-oriented courses. One of them is to implement the pragma-dialectical theory of argumentation in classes. The paper calls attention to three implicit assumptions behind the Zemplén’s proposal, subjects them to internal criticism, and argues that they cannot be reconciled with each other. By criticizing them externally, the paper aims to show that it is not apposite to explain or model scientific cognition by the pragma-dialectical theory of argumentation.
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引用次数: 0
期刊
FILOZOFIA
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