Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.8.5
Martin Nuhlíček
The article focuses on the problem of normativity in Quine ’ s naturalized epistemology. Quine characterizes his epistemological project mainly in descriptive terms, which seemingly problematizes the normative side of epistemo lo gy. Although Quine offers a certain explanation of normativity within his conception, known as “cognitive engineering , ” there is a suspicion that he commits a serious logical error, the so-called naturalistic fallacy. Two attitudes can be taken to this suspicion. First, the naturalistic fallacy is indeed present in Quine ’ s thinking, but it cannot be attributed a negative meaning because it is an inevitable consequence of the naturalization of epistemology. Second, Quine does not commit the naturalistic fallacy because he derives the normativity of epistemology from the “terminal parameter , ” i.e. an external goal against which cognitive strate gies are assessed. The latter interpretation seems to be in better agreement with Quine ’ s statements. In this understanding, naturalized normativity has an instrumental character, which ranks it among the tools of instrumental rationality, linked to practical aspects of human activities .
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Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.8.3
Martin Foltin
The subject of this article is an analysis of the basic ideas of Nussbaum’s capability theory. In spite of the advantages of this approach, some authors have raised objections to the capability theory. The aim of this article is to analyze and discuss some selected objections. In particular, the study focuses on five objections that relate to the problem of paternalism, the impossibility of reaching a minimum threshold of individual capabilities, the impossibility of justifying civil and political rights, and the non-hierarchical nature of the list of capabilities. The article also develops a critique of the theory of capabilities in terms of a political approach to human rights.
{"title":"Úvahy o niektorých námietkach voči Nussbaumovej teórii spôsobilostí v kontexte možnosti zdôvodnenia ľudských práv","authors":"Martin Foltin","doi":"10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.8.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.8.3","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of this article is an analysis of the basic ideas of Nussbaum’s capability theory. In spite of the advantages of this approach, some authors have raised objections to the capability theory. The aim of this article is to analyze and discuss some selected objections. In particular, the study focuses on five objections that relate to the problem of paternalism, the impossibility of reaching a minimum threshold of individual capabilities, the impossibility of justifying civil and political rights, and the non-hierarchical nature of the list of capabilities. The article also develops a critique of the theory of capabilities in terms of a political approach to human rights.","PeriodicalId":44340,"journal":{"name":"FILOZOFIA","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136142467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.8.4
Peter Nezník
Through the texts of philosophers and philosophizing artists, musicians and writers, the study opens up the problem of the relationship between philosophy and art, science and philosophy, using atypical ways of inquiring about life, man and his times, not only through reason, but also through the heart. An important moment in the search for intersections and connections is the history – the topos of that which was – as captured in the works, correspondence and conversations of selected giants of European culture. The intention of the study is to highlight the fact that behind an artistic, philosophical or scientific work, which we may nowadays already consider as a classic, an unproblematic “thing at our disposal,” there is often hidden a life experience of a tragic existence. And even in turbulent times of crises, it is important to remember, as Ortega y Gasset reminds us, that to lose illusions is not to lose hope.
{"title":"Súhvezdie na oblohe filozofie tragédie: Schopenhauer, Wagner a Nietzsche","authors":"Peter Nezník","doi":"10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.8.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.8.4","url":null,"abstract":"Through the texts of philosophers and philosophizing artists, musicians and writers, the study opens up the problem of the relationship between philosophy and art, science and philosophy, using atypical ways of inquiring about life, man and his times, not only through reason, but also through the heart. An important moment in the search for intersections and connections is the history – the topos of that which was – as captured in the works, correspondence and conversations of selected giants of European culture. The intention of the study is to highlight the fact that behind an artistic, philosophical or scientific work, which we may nowadays already consider as a classic, an unproblematic “thing at our disposal,” there is often hidden a life experience of a tragic existence. And even in turbulent times of crises, it is important to remember, as Ortega y Gasset reminds us, that to lose illusions is not to lose hope.","PeriodicalId":44340,"journal":{"name":"FILOZOFIA","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136142736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.8.8
Francisco Miguel Ortiz-delgado
{"title":"STAN AMALADAS, SEAN BYRNE (eds.): Peace Leadership: The Quest for Connectedness","authors":"Francisco Miguel Ortiz-delgado","doi":"10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.8.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.8.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44340,"journal":{"name":"FILOZOFIA","volume":"218 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136142188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.8.2
Sebastián Contreras Aguirre
Scholars situate Grotius at the origin of more geometrico rationalism. According to this reading, he is responsible for the transition from a dialectical to a deductivist interpretation of the naturally just. Grotius, however, neither deems ethics explainable through mathematics, nor does he think that reason alone determines whether an action is right or wrong. Without nature, he maintains, reason is an empty measure.
{"title":"Was Hugo Grotius a Rationalist?","authors":"Sebastián Contreras Aguirre","doi":"10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.8.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.8.2","url":null,"abstract":"Scholars situate Grotius at the origin of more geometrico rationalism. According to this reading, he is responsible for the transition from a dialectical to a deductivist interpretation of the naturally just. Grotius, however, neither deems ethics explainable through mathematics, nor does he think that reason alone determines whether an action is right or wrong. Without nature, he maintains, reason is an empty measure.","PeriodicalId":44340,"journal":{"name":"FILOZOFIA","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136142469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.8.1
Klaus Vieweg
In his major work Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts , Hegel deals with the notion of the person, personality and interpersonality, fundamental law, property, the formation of nature as self-creation and the formation of external nature, appropriation, intellectual property, contracts and lies. Using these, he discusses sustainability and describes the process by which humans come to own things, i.e., to appropriate and shape nature. Appropriation has the following moments: a) the moment of immediate physical grasp; b) the moment of creation; c) the moment of denomination. From Hegel’s point of view, so-called elementary things (water, air) cannot be part of property: these goods are the preconditions of human existence. Hegel left behind no developed concept of sustainability, but he did sketch the essential contours of this key issue for the twenty-first century. His insights into the shaping of the world around us ( Um-Welt ), or the surrounding nature, are of particular importance because they address an existential problem that was not as clearly manifested in Hegel’s time and therefore has not received as much attention as it does today – despite the considerable environmental damage that was already occurring in Hegel’s time.
{"title":"Péče a předjímavost: Idea udržitelnosti v Hegelově praktické filozofii","authors":"Klaus Vieweg","doi":"10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.8.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.8.1","url":null,"abstract":"In his major work Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts , Hegel deals with the notion of the person, personality and interpersonality, fundamental law, property, the formation of nature as self-creation and the formation of external nature, appropriation, intellectual property, contracts and lies. Using these, he discusses sustainability and describes the process by which humans come to own things, i.e., to appropriate and shape nature. Appropriation has the following moments: a) the moment of immediate physical grasp; b) the moment of creation; c) the moment of denomination. From Hegel’s point of view, so-called elementary things (water, air) cannot be part of property: these goods are the preconditions of human existence. Hegel left behind no developed concept of sustainability, but he did sketch the essential contours of this key issue for the twenty-first century. His insights into the shaping of the world around us ( Um-Welt ), or the surrounding nature, are of particular importance because they address an existential problem that was not as clearly manifested in Hegel’s time and therefore has not received as much attention as it does today – despite the considerable environmental damage that was already occurring in Hegel’s time.","PeriodicalId":44340,"journal":{"name":"FILOZOFIA","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136142465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-14DOI: 10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.7.5
Alžbeta Kuchtová
The paper examines the book Martin Buber’s Theopolitics and analyzes the conflict between the hierarchy in nature and in human society. Buber qualifies our relations to nature and to other non-living objects as darker than human relations. This creates an imbalance between the human You and the other type of You . This reflection allows us to think about the meaning of the principle of humanity in relation to personhood, and in relation to different forms of communities (natural, or inorganic communities). It is an important question in the light of “conflicts” and tensions created by the environmental crisis we are facing today. The paper explains how to use the word “conflict” in this context and whether it is justified.
{"title":"Hierarchy in Society, and What About Nature?","authors":"Alžbeta Kuchtová","doi":"10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.7.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.7.5","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the book Martin Buber’s Theopolitics and analyzes the conflict between the hierarchy in nature and in human society. Buber qualifies our relations to nature and to other non-living objects as darker than human relations. This creates an imbalance between the human You and the other type of You . This reflection allows us to think about the meaning of the principle of humanity in relation to personhood, and in relation to different forms of communities (natural, or inorganic communities). It is an important question in the light of “conflicts” and tensions created by the environmental crisis we are facing today. The paper explains how to use the word “conflict” in this context and whether it is justified.","PeriodicalId":44340,"journal":{"name":"FILOZOFIA","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134970816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-14DOI: 10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.7.6
Hana Budíková
{"title":"Jedaji ha-Pnini: Mixis jako nezbytná podmínka pro přijetí formy a teorie emergence","authors":"Hana Budíková","doi":"10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.7.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.7.6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44340,"journal":{"name":"FILOZOFIA","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134970815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-14DOI: 10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.7.1
Paul Mendes-flohr
The article traces the evolution and crystallization of Buber’s philosophy of dialogue. It focuses on his consideration of the epistemological and ontological issues attendant to the principium individuationis , the subject of his doctoral dissertation of 1904. Culminating with the publication of Ich und Du in 1923, this process was punctuated by life experiences that led him to affirm rather than to seek to transcend the principium individuationis as the ontological ground of being manifest in the matrix of everyday life, which we are beckoned to sanctify through I-Thou relations.
{"title":"The Sanctification of the Everyday","authors":"Paul Mendes-flohr","doi":"10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.7.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/filozofia.2023.78.7.1","url":null,"abstract":"The article traces the evolution and crystallization of Buber’s philosophy of dialogue. It focuses on his consideration of the epistemological and ontological issues attendant to the principium individuationis , the subject of his doctoral dissertation of 1904. Culminating with the publication of Ich und Du in 1923, this process was punctuated by life experiences that led him to affirm rather than to seek to transcend the principium individuationis as the ontological ground of being manifest in the matrix of everyday life, which we are beckoned to sanctify through I-Thou relations.","PeriodicalId":44340,"journal":{"name":"FILOZOFIA","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134970811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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