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Goals in Enterprise Architecture Management -- Findings from Literature and Future Research Directions 企业架构管理的目标——文献发现和未来研究方向
Pub Date : 2013-07-15 DOI: 10.1109/CBI.2013.47
Alexander W. Schneider, Christopher Schulz, F. Matthes
The Management of Enterprise Architectures (EAM) is an evolving discipline within the information systems community. By taking a holistic point of view on an enterprise, considering its business and Information Technology (IT) elements, EAM aims at a better alignment of business and IT, cost savings and faster response times. In order to achieve those benefits academics as well as industry representatives already provide methods, models and tools. Nevertheless, researchers and practitioners call for means to demonstrate the payoff of EAM initiatives. A common management approach for explicitly tracking an individual's or team's performance and success relies on the definition of goals. To the authors' knowledge such an approach is not yet established within the EAM discipline. To improve this shortfall, this paper gives an overview on the current body of knowledge in the field of goals in EAM by means of an extensive literature study. Based on the analysis' results we present reoccurring properties of goals in EAM, possible interrelations and an initial classification. The paper concludes by providing topics for future research directions.
企业架构管理(EAM)是信息系统社区中一个不断发展的学科。通过对企业采取整体的观点,考虑其业务和信息技术(IT)元素,EAM的目标是更好地结合业务和IT、节约成本和更快的响应时间。为了实现这些好处,学术界和行业代表已经提供了方法、模型和工具。尽管如此,研究人员和实践者仍呼吁寻找方法来证明EAM计划的回报。明确跟踪个人或团队绩效和成功的常见管理方法依赖于目标的定义。据作者所知,这种方法还没有在EAM规程中建立起来。为了改善这一不足,本文通过广泛的文献研究,对EAM目标领域的现有知识体系进行了概述。根据分析结果,我们提出了EAM中目标的重复出现特性、可能的相互关系和初步分类。最后,提出了今后研究的方向。
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引用次数: 9
Web of Needs -- A New Paradigm for E-Commerce 需求网——电子商务的新范式
Pub Date : 2013-07-15 DOI: 10.1109/CBI.2013.52
F. Kleedorfer, C. Busch, Gabriel Grill, Soheil Khosravipour, Fabian Salcher, Alan Tus, Erich Gstrein
Structurally, the Web resembles a marketplace: Web clients download documents from servers just like customers buy goods from kiosks. Interestingly, the marketplace metaphor for the Web goes further: most Web users are in the role of the customer and the documents downloaded in most cases actually represent commercial offers. This second resemblance leads to a fundamental asymmetry: in general, commercial offers are represented as first-class objects on the Web. Consumer needs, however, the very notions that drive the interaction, only materialize in the form of search terms or browsing behaviour. In this paper, we present an approach for explicitly representing needs as first-class objects on the Web of data in a way that allows interacting with them.
从结构上讲,Web类似于一个市场:Web客户机从服务器下载文档,就像客户从售货亭购买商品一样。有趣的是,市场对Web的比喻更进一步:大多数Web用户都扮演着客户的角色,在大多数情况下下载的文档实际上代表着商业报价。第二个相似之处导致了一个基本的不对称:一般来说,商业报价在Web上被表示为一等对象。然而,消费者的需求,即驱动交互的概念,只能以搜索条件或浏览行为的形式实现。在本文中,我们提出了一种方法,以一种允许与需求交互的方式,将需求显式地表示为数据网络上的一等对象。
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引用次数: 8
Adaptive Case Management: Overview and Research Challenges 适应性案例管理:概述和研究挑战
Pub Date : 2013-07-15 DOI: 10.1109/CBI.2013.44
H. M. Nezhad, K. Swenson
Case management refers to the coordination of work that is not routine and predictable, and requires human judgment. Case management has applications in many domains such as healthcare, legal, police detective, social work, etc. The common aspect of such domains is that the work procedure cannot be prescribed into machine programs, instead the work is highly variable and must be figured out by knowledge workers each time. They might start with high-level guidelines and frameworks, but the sensitive dependence upon the details of the case mean that the work patterns emerge from the case as more information becomes available. Knowledge workers must make decisions on the course of action as the case proceeds. Traditionally case management has been supported by custom-built applications for each domain. There are approaches that attempt to standardize work practices without appreciating the full range of required responses. There is a push in industry from different vendors in areas such as enterprise content management, customer relationship management and business process management also to position their products as case management applications. In this article, we will review trends in industry and selected work in academia in the case management space, to identify challenges that the industry and the research community are facing in supporting knowledge workers in an adaptive and flexible manner, where systems need to support the work while should keep the knowledge workers in control.
病例管理指的是不常规和可预测的工作的协调,需要人的判断。案例管理在许多领域都有应用,如医疗保健、法律、警察侦探、社会工作等。这些领域的共同特点是,工作程序不能写入机器程序,相反,工作是高度可变的,每次都必须由知识工作者计算出来。它们可能从高级指导方针和框架开始,但是对案例细节的敏感依赖意味着随着更多信息的可用性,工作模式将从案例中出现。随着案件的进展,知识工作者必须对行动过程做出决定。传统上,案例管理是由为每个领域定制的应用程序支持的。有一些方法试图使工作实践标准化,而不了解所需响应的全部范围。在企业内容管理、客户关系管理和业务流程管理等领域,不同的供应商都在推动将自己的产品定位为案例管理应用程序。在本文中,我们将回顾工业界的趋势和学术界在案例管理领域的选定工作,以确定工业界和研究界在以适应性和灵活的方式支持知识工作者方面面临的挑战,其中系统需要支持工作,同时应该控制知识工作者。
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引用次数: 88
Crowdsourcing in Telework as a New Scalable Business Model 远程办公中的众包作为一种新的可扩展商业模式
Pub Date : 2013-07-15 DOI: 10.1109/CBI.2013.66
E. Tsaplin, Svetlana Bushelenkova, A. Puchkova
Business processes in our modern world flow with greater speed. This actual trend influences on the business from both sides: positive and negative. Some approaches, such as web 3.0, crowdsourcing have intention to create a comfortable ecosystem for business. In this article, we consider how appropriate data management helps building successful business.
现代社会的业务流程以更快的速度流动。这种实际趋势对企业的影响有正负两方面。有些方法,如web 3.0、众包,旨在为商业创造一个舒适的生态系统。在本文中,我们将讨论适当的数据管理如何帮助构建成功的业务。
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引用次数: 0
A Framework for Natural Enterprise Modelling 自然企业建模框架
Pub Date : 2013-07-15 DOI: 10.1109/CBI.2013.20
M. Bjekovic, Jean-Sébastien Sottet, J. Favre, H. Proper
Within enterprise modelling, models are typically needed for a range of different purposes, ranging from vision and strategy development to computer-aided analyses. It is well known that model's content and form need to be adapted to its purpose. This typically concerns the tuning in terms of granularity, visualisation, precision and formality of the model, as well as in terms of the concepts/language in which the model is expressed. However, typical modelling tools lack such support. A number of empirical observations points at a lack in flexibility of tools and underlying modelling languages to aptly fit the needs of specific modelling situations. For instance, it is observed that fixed metamodels make it difficult to align the language with e.g. organisation-specific domains/concerns. This often leads to the different levels of discipline in which a fixed modelling language is obeyed to, or even the use of home-grown notations instead of fixed standard ones. Likewise, to compensate the lack of flexibility in dedicated modelling tools, classical drawing tools or paper are used as modelling support. Once models created this way transition to the more formal tasks, a lot of redundant work and increased effort is needed to ensure consistency and coherence among different enterprise models. As a result of an ongoing research, this paper discusses the need to adapt the models and modelling environments to specific modelling situations. In particular, we explore the concept of natural enterprise modelling, as a strategy for enabling the flexibility while also ensuring the coherence in modelling. We also sketch potential high level design of a flexible modelling infrastructure supporting natural enterprise modelling, and indicate some promising future research directions.
在企业建模中,模型通常需要用于一系列不同的目的,从远景和战略开发到计算机辅助分析。众所周知,模型的内容和形式需要与其目的相适应。这通常涉及模型的粒度、可视化、精度和形式方面的调优,以及表达模型的概念/语言方面的调优。然而,典型的建模工具缺乏这样的支持。许多经验观察指出,工具和底层建模语言缺乏灵活性,无法恰当地适应特定建模情况的需要。例如,可以观察到,固定的元模型使语言与特定于组织的领域/关注点保持一致变得困难。这通常会导致遵循固定建模语言的不同层次的规程,或者甚至使用本地生成的符号而不是固定的标准符号。同样,为了弥补专用建模工具缺乏灵活性,经典绘图工具或纸张被用作建模支持。一旦以这种方式创建的模型转换为更正式的任务,就需要大量的冗余工作和增加的工作量来确保不同企业模型之间的一致性和一致性。作为一项正在进行的研究的结果,本文讨论了使模型和建模环境适应特定建模情况的必要性。特别地,我们探讨了自然企业建模的概念,作为一种实现灵活性的策略,同时也确保了建模的一致性。我们还概述了支持自然企业建模的灵活建模基础设施的潜在高级设计,并指出了一些有希望的未来研究方向。
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引用次数: 11
Next Wave of Servicing Enterprise IT Needs 服务企业IT需求的下一波浪潮
Pub Date : 2013-07-15 DOI: 10.1109/CBI.2013.53
V. Kulkarni, Sagar Sunkle
Enterprises use IT systems to derive mechanical advantage through automation of business process steps. Prevalent labor arbitrage outsourcing model has delivered significant savings in run-the-business IT costs. For a variety of reasons, change-the-business IT costs continue to be significantly high. With continually increasing business dynamics and increasing dependence on IT systems, the problem of managing these costs with certainty is getting ever more difficult. We propose a model-driven approach for addressing this problem. The paper discusses current practice to motivate the problem, describes a model-driven architecture to address the problem, and discusses various research, engineering and business challenges for its realization.
企业利用IT系统通过业务流程步骤的自动化来获得机械优势。普遍存在的劳动力套利外包模式大大节省了运营业务的IT成本。由于各种原因,更改业务的IT成本仍然非常高。随着不断增加的业务动态和对IT系统的依赖,确定地管理这些成本的问题变得越来越困难。我们提出了一种模型驱动的方法来解决这个问题。本文讨论了当前的实践来激发这个问题,描述了一个模型驱动的体系结构来解决这个问题,并讨论了实现这个问题的各种研究、工程和业务挑战。
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引用次数: 6
A Meta-Meta-Model for Seven Business Process Modeling Languages 七种业务流程建模语言的元-元模型
Pub Date : 2013-07-15 DOI: 10.1109/CBI.2013.38
F. Heidari, P. Loucopoulos, F. Brazier, J. Barjis
Many different business process modelling languages (BPMLs) have been designed in recent years. In cross-organizational business processes and heterogeneous organizations where multiple BPMLs are deployed there is a need for a unified view to ease communication and foster understandability. This paper proposes a language independent abstraction of seven mainstream BPMLs' concepts, in a unified meta-meta model based on an analysis of these modelling languages. Generic concepts are identified and a unified metamodel is developed. An ontological analysis of the representational capability of this metamodel is examined in relation to the Bunge-Wand-Weber ontology and applicability of the approach is demonstrated via an Example.
近年来设计了许多不同的业务流程建模语言(bpml)。在部署多个bpm的跨组织业务流程和异构组织中,需要一个统一的视图来简化通信并促进可理解性。本文在分析这些建模语言的基础上,提出了一个独立于语言的七种主流bpm概念的抽象,并建立了统一的元-元模型。识别通用概念并开发统一的元模型。对元模型的表示能力进行本体论分析,并与Bunge-Wand-Weber本体论进行比较,并通过实例证明了该方法的适用性。
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引用次数: 25
Improving IT Strategic Plan for the Portuguese Public Administration 改进葡萄牙公共行政的信息技术战略计划
Pub Date : 2013-07-15 DOI: 10.1109/CBI.2013.26
Diogo Nunes, Isabel da Rosa, M. Silva
The Portuguese Government created a strategic plan (PGETIC) for its public ICT with two major goals: increase the quality and usefulness of IT services and reduce the IT spending. However, that plan is complex, limited and rigid. Hence there is a need for an improved strategic method that is more agreeable, more effective and more straightforward to implement than PGETIC. We propose the slip-up of strategy and its implementation into two complementary plans. To outline both plans' structure, we use the best practices of COBIT and IT-CMF. To outline the method responsible for creating these plans, we use the PDCA cycle. With these improved plans and method we aim to support the emergence of a sustainable and formal improvement cycle for the Portuguese public administration's ICT. We evaluated our proposal using semi-structured interviews. As a result, we concluded that our proposal is more effective, sustainable, and less complex than PGETIC.
葡萄牙政府为其公共信息和通信技术制定了一项战略计划(PGETIC),其中有两个主要目标:提高信息技术服务的质量和有用性,减少信息技术支出。然而,这个计划是复杂的、有限的和僵化的。因此,需要一种改进的战略方法,比PGETIC更令人满意、更有效和更直接地执行。我们建议将战略的失误及其实施分为两个互补的计划。为了概述这两个计划的结构,我们使用COBIT和IT-CMF的最佳实践。为了概述负责创建这些计划的方法,我们使用PDCA循环。通过这些改进的计划和方法,我们的目标是支持葡萄牙公共行政ICT的可持续和正式改进周期的出现。我们使用半结构化访谈来评估我们的提案。因此,我们的结论是,我们的建议比PGETIC更有效、更可持续、更简单。
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引用次数: 5
An Enterprise Ontology-Based Database for Continuous Monitoring Application 面向持续监控应用的企业本体数据库
Pub Date : 2013-07-15 DOI: 10.1109/CBI.2013.10
R. P. Marques, H. Santos, Carlos Santos
Sometimes information systems fail or have operational and communication problems because designers may not have knowledge of the domain which is intended to be modeled. The same happens with systems for monitoring. Thus, an ontological model is needed to represent the organizational domain, which is intended to be monitored in order to develop an effective monitoring system. In this way, the purpose of the paper is to present a database based on Enterprise Ontology, which represents and specifies organizational transactions, aiming to be a repository of references or models of organizational transaction executions. Therefore, this database intends to be a generic risk profiles repository of organizational transactions for monitoring applications. Moreover, the Risk Profiles Repository presented in this paper is an innovative vision about continuous monitoring and has demonstrated to be a powerful tool for technological representations of organizational transactions and processes in compliance with the formalisms of a business ontological model.
有时信息系统会失败或出现操作和通信问题,因为设计人员可能不了解要建模的领域。监控系统也是如此。因此,需要一个本体论模型来表示组织领域,为了开发有效的监控系统,组织领域将被监控。通过这种方式,本文的目的是提出一个基于企业本体的数据库,该数据库表示并指定组织事务,旨在成为组织事务执行的参考或模型的存储库。因此,该数据库打算成为监视应用程序的组织事务的通用风险概况存储库。此外,本文中提出的风险概况存储库是关于持续监控的创新愿景,并且已被证明是符合业务本体论模型形式化的组织事务和过程的技术表示的强大工具。
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引用次数: 11
Identifying Inter-organizational Key Performance Indicators from EDIFACT Messages 从EDIFACT消息中识别组织间关键绩效指标
Pub Date : 2013-07-15 DOI: 10.1109/CBI.2013.46
Worarat Krathu, R. Engel, Christian Pichler, M. Zapletal, H. Werthner
Inter-organizational relationships (IORs) are important for creating business potential and increasing business performance. The evaluation of IORs is necessary for analyzing the collaboration between businesses as well as for assessing business partners. However, the evaluation of IORs is ambiguous since it is usually measured by success factors, such as trust and information sharing, which are difficult to be measured quantitatively. In this paper, we propose using quantifiable Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for measuring success factors. We aim to identify KPIs in inter-organizational scenarios where information is exchanged electronically based on EDIFACT message types. In particular, we i) derive inter-organizational KPIs and propose guidelines for their calculation from EDIFACT data elements, and ii) aggregate these KPIs to define quantitative measurements reflecting inter-organizational success factors. Therefore, we first define a method for the systematic selection of suitable data elements from EDIFACT message types based on frequency analysis. Second, we consider the semantics of data elements and message types in defining KPIs. Having these KPIs at hand supports the quantitative evaluation of success factors which in turn enables the evaluation of IORs.
组织间关系(ior)对于创造业务潜力和提高业务绩效非常重要。对于分析业务之间的协作以及评估业务合作伙伴,ior的评估是必要的。然而,对ior的评价是模糊的,因为它通常是通过成功因素来衡量的,如信任和信息共享,难以定量衡量。在本文中,我们建议使用可量化的关键绩效指标(kpi)来衡量成功因素。我们的目标是识别基于EDIFACT消息类型以电子方式交换信息的组织间场景中的kpi。特别是,我们i)从EDIFACT数据元素中推导出组织间kpi,并为它们的计算提出指导方针,以及ii)汇总这些kpi以定义反映组织间成功因素的定量度量。因此,我们首先定义了一种方法,用于基于频率分析从EDIFACT消息类型中系统地选择合适的数据元素。其次,我们在定义kpi时考虑数据元素和消息类型的语义。掌握这些关键绩效指标有助于对成功因素进行定量评估,从而能够对ior进行评估。
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引用次数: 14
期刊
2013 IEEE 15th Conference on Business Informatics
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