Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.2979/jfs.2023.a893194
Ragnhild Johnsrud Zorgati
Abstract: This article delves into the Swedish novelist and feminist Fredrika Bremer’s views on female liberation by exploring her encounter with Muslim women in Jerusalem in the spring of 1859. It argues that Bremer’s program for women’s emancipation evokes similarities between women’s situation in Scandinavia and Palestine. By insisting on such similarities, the author nuances Leila Ahmed’s generalizing claim concerning the differences of interest that existed between European and Middle Eastern women in the nineteenth century, namely that European feminism helped maintain the system of white male dominance. For although Bremer maintains the idea of European superiority, she notices common interests with women in Palestine and upholds her critique of white patriarchy. The structure of the article follows the main themes evoked by Bremer in her conversations with Muslim women, namely religion, freedom of movement, literacy, and marriage. These issues were not innocent topics of conversation, but announced a radical program for female liberation. In order to contextualize Bremer’s account, the article juxtaposes research on women, religion, and family patterns in Scandinavia and the Middle East.
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Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.2979/jfs.2023.a893195
Wai Ching Angela Wong
Abstract: This article focuses on women’s place/space in Hong Kong with both deliberate attention to women’s absence/presence in history and an aspiration to reinstall women’s contribution to the place it deserves. Inspired by Derrida’s dialectic between presence and absence, the author traces women’s “presence” through their deeds and voices from “behind” and “underneath” their historical “absence.” As explained by Turner’s liminality of religion as an “in-between” space, the woman subject stretches her spatial map beyond the boundary of “home.” Through their religious devotion, women cross from their “designated” domestic confinement to the social and the private spheres, to the public sphere. The author draws on four women’s cases, each from a religious tradition in Hong Kong—Christianity, Buddhism, Daoism, and Islam—to illustrate the various forms of negotiation they exercised in everyday life to find a subject in multiplicity. The gendered subject is never a monolithic essence but ever becoming.
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Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.2979/jfs.2023.a893191
Juyan Zhang
Abstract: Through intertextual analysis of ancient stone and metal images as well as written texts, this article explores the origins and identities of Tārā and Cundā, two Buddhist goddesses that are widely worshipped in the Indic and Tibetan Mahāyāna and Vajrayāṇa traditions. By charting the goddesses’ iconographic characteristics, their quality, and their relationships with Avalokiteśvara, it argues that the prototype of Tārā is Yaśodharā-to-be, and that Cundā is based on Sujata, the girl who gave the Buddha-to-be milk rice. The first part of the analysis shows clear coherence throughout ancient visual narratives, namely images featuring the girl in the Dīpaṃkara Buddha story, images featuring Avalokiteśvara and Tārā, and independent images of Tārā. The second part demonstrates clear coherence in the evolution of the visual narratives, which feature Sujata holding a vessel to see the Buddha-to-be and independent Cundā images. The article also shows that the visual narratives have intrinsic fidelity.
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Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza, Melanie Johnson-DeBaufre, Stephanie Mitchem
Editors’ Introduction Kate M. Ott and Zayn Kassam With a new year come new changes at JFSR. In this issue, we are announcing a new annual award named in honor of Rev. Dr. Katie Geneva Cannon, experimenting with a new section called Living It Out articles, and celebrating coeditor Zayn Kassam’s new appointment and subsequent stepping down from the journal’s editorial team. Significant changes often highlight what stays constant. The content of this issue crosses religious traditions and historic time periods to remind us that even when religious texts, images, and practices produce gender oppression, female-identified practitioners, goddesses, and believers confound and disrupt patriarchy. The articles section of this issue follows a historical trajectory while taking the reader on a global journey using examples of material culture to show the nuanced agency and presence of the feminine, even in the absence of female-identified religious actors. In the first article, Juyan Zhang details the origins and identities of two Buddhist goddesses, Tārā and Cundā, through an analysis of stone and metal images to trace the prototypes for these goddesses in Indic and Tibetan traditions. Gillian Alban then takes the reader to the Mediterranean to witness the ways in which statues of and literature about Medusa evidence the power of female figures’ “hold on the male unconscious in rising above castigation, asserting their amazing procreative force over life and death, enabled through Medusa’s stunning tale and transfixing gaze” (49). The nuanced navigation of patriarchal religious culture is further examined by Rosemary Admiral, moving us farther west and south to the premodern Islamic areas of North Africa and al-Andalus. Admiral investigates women’s sexual agency through fatwas documenting marital disputes. Examples of women refusing sex from this time period can, Admiral argues, show women as sexual agents negotiating consent in marriage, akin to modern circumstances. [End Page 1] The final two essays in this section cover more modern periods while presenting no less complicated negotiations of gender and feminism across religious and domestic spaces. In “Intertwined Histories: Muslim Domesticity and the Harem in the Eyes of a Swedish Nineteenth-Century Protestant Feminist,” Ragnhild Johnsrud Zorgati interrogates the complicated feminist claims of Swedish novelist Fredrika Bremer through an analysis of her encounter with Muslim women in Jerusalem in the spring of 1859. Zorgati argues that counter to other white European feminists of the time, Bremer critiqued white patriarchy and supported a program for female liberation. The final essay in the section provides a theoretical frame by which to read the women’s place/space and presence/absence in all the previously mentioned examples. Wai Ching Angela Wong draws upon Jacques Derrida’s presence/absence dialectic and Victor Turner’s liminality of religion to trace women subjects “Beyond the Boundary of Home” i
编辑简介Kate M. Ott和Zayn Kassam在新的一年里，JFSR迎来了新的变化。在这一期中，我们宣布了一个新的年度奖项，以纪念牧师凯蒂·日内瓦·坎农博士，试验一个名为“活出自我”的新章节，并庆祝共同编辑扎恩·卡萨姆的新任命，随后从杂志的编辑团队辞职。重大的变化往往突出了保持不变的东西。这个问题的内容跨越了宗教传统和历史时期，提醒我们，即使宗教文本、图像和实践产生了性别压迫，女性认同的从业者、女神和信徒混淆和破坏了父权制。这期的文章部分遵循历史轨迹，同时用物质文化的例子带领读者踏上全球之旅，展示女性微妙的代理和存在，即使在没有女性认定的宗教演员的情况下。在第一篇文章中，张居燕通过对石头和金属图像的分析，详细介绍了两位佛教女神Tārā和昆都的起源和身份，以追溯这两位女神在印度和西藏传统中的原型。然后，吉莉安·阿尔班将读者带到了地中海，见证了关于美杜莎的雕像和文学作品是如何证明女性形象的力量的:“通过美杜莎令人惊叹的故事和令人目瞪口呆的凝视，她们在摆脱惩罚的过程中抓住了男性的无意识，坚持了她们惊人的生育能力，超越了生死”(49)。罗斯玛丽·海军上将进一步研究了父权宗教文化的微妙导航，将我们带到了北非和安达卢斯的前现代伊斯兰地区。Admiral通过记录婚姻纠纷的教令调查女性的性代理。Admiral认为，这一时期女性拒绝性行为的例子表明，女性作为性代理人在婚姻中协商同意，类似于现代的情况。本部分的最后两篇文章涵盖了更现代的时期，同时也展示了跨宗教和家庭空间的性别和女权主义的复杂谈判。在《交织的历史:19世纪瑞典新教女权主义者眼中的穆斯林家庭生活和后宫》一书中，Ragnhild Johnsrud Zorgati通过分析瑞典小说家Fredrika Bremer在1859年春天在耶路撒冷与穆斯林妇女的相遇，对她复杂的女权主义主张进行了质疑。佐加蒂认为，与当时其他欧洲白人女权主义者相反，布雷默批评白人父权制，并支持女性解放计划。本节的最后一篇文章提供了一个理论框架，通过这个框架来阅读前面提到的所有例子中女性的位置/空间和存在/不存在。王惠静借用了德里达的在场/缺席辩证法和维克多·特纳的宗教阈限来追溯香港背景下的女性主题“家的边界之外”，正如她的标题所示。她提供了来自四种不同宗教传统的案例，强调宗教性别主题从来不是静态的或单一的。与男性宗教和政治领袖相比，朱莉·恩泽尔用诗歌体现了女性缺席的体验。她将世俗与精神、政治与地方、父权制与解放并列，生动地描绘了她的真实反应:“但在G!d”(130)。尽管读者无法完全了解经历的特殊性，但面对宗教排斥、种族政治和性别压迫时，对价值和尊严的肯定却引起了共鸣。这一期，我们开创了“活出自我”和传统文章的“混搭”。这一类别结合了匿名同行评议的建设性文章和对女权主义(宗教)运动发展的批判性反思，这些运动寻求改变学术界、宗教机构和社区以及更广泛的社会中的不公正制度。卡琳·普朗克(Carine Plancke)在《将瑜伽作为女性赋权的实践》一书中重点介绍了一种名为子宫瑜伽的英国瑜伽练习。通过人种学研究，包括参与观察和访谈，她探索了子宫瑜伽的女权主义潜力。在本节和本期的最后一篇文章中，Darryl Stephens概述了基督教的道德行为，即作证作为一种利用特权的方式，与……
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Pub Date : 2022-10-22DOI: 10.2979/jfemistudreli.35.1.01
Kate M. Ott, Zayn R. Kassam
We send this issue to press as the 2012 presidential election draws to a close— an election that puts before the American people radically different visions of the future of these United States. It is by good fortune rather than by predetermined plan that the essays in this issue speak to questions that are front and center in the political landscape— the character of democracy, the role of government, the nature of the public— and that will remain so regardless of who is elected the next president. Your editors recognize the merits of publishing planned special themed issues, but this is not one, even though it may seem as if it ought to have been. We trust that you, as dedicated vernacularists, will appreciate the decision to find and underscore common themes in what were conceived as independent investigations of public culture in the United States. First and foremost, and critical to highlight during an especially bitter, nasty presidential campaign: our authors remind us of the importance of union, of finding common purpose while we critique democracy as it actually exists. Like Barack Obama, we agree that the “search for a more perfect union” is ongoing in the United States— and must be, given the country’s character as home to groups that are diverse in their past experiences, present circumstances, and outlooks for the future. In each article, the authors examine the struggle to give voice— in some cases literally, in others in a more conceptual sense— to the perspective of the disenfranchised, ignored, or unpopular. Each of this issue’s authors also makes clear another allied, but perhaps less recognized point: democracies need physical spaces to thrive. As the theorist Henri Lefebvre argued in The Production of Space, appropriating places has an emancipatory potential in a liberal capitalist democracy. In keeping with this line of thinking, our authors show that it is necessary to claim, to appropriate the physical— actual buildings, actual spaces, actual artifacts— to expand democracy, even if some of the power relations of the dominant society are replicated in and through material culture. This argument is one that Mary P. Ryan, historian of public culture in the United States, has applied to women and cities during the nineteenth century, and it comes as no surprise to students of her work that it is cited by more than one author in this issue. For the Viewpoint essay, Andrew K. SandovalStrausz steps out of his role as review editor to write “Latino Vernaculars and the Emerging National Landscape.” Building on essays published in this journal and discussions at the 2008 Vernacular Architecture Forum conference in Fresno, SandovalStrausz revisits a classic essay, “Chihuahua as We Might Have Been,” written by J. B. Jackson and published more than sixty years ago in Landscape. SandovalStrausz demonstrates that this essay remains relevant because it helps us understand and work with the spaces produced by Latinos, one of the fastest gro
在2012年总统选举接近尾声之际，我们将这篇文章付梓。这次选举将美国人民对美国未来的截然不同的看法摆在了美国人民面前。这是一种幸运，而不是一种预定的计划，本期的文章谈到了政治领域的前沿和中心问题——民主的特征，政府的角色，公众的本质——无论谁当选下一任总统，这些问题都将继续存在。你们的编辑认识到出版有计划的专题专题的优点，但这不是一个，即使它看起来好像应该是。我们相信，作为专门的白话学者，你们会欣赏我们的决定，即在对美国公共文化的独立调查中发现并强调共同的主题。首先，也是最重要的一点，在这场特别激烈、令人讨厌的总统竞选中，这一点至关重要:我们的作者提醒我们，在批评民主的实际存在时，团结的重要性，找到共同目标的重要性。与巴拉克•奥巴马一样，我们也认为美国正在“寻求一个更完美的联邦”——而且必须这样做，因为这个国家的特点是拥有不同的群体，这些群体在过去的经历、现在的环境和对未来的展望方面各不相同。在每一篇文章中，作者都考察了为发声而进行的斗争——在某些情况下是字面上的，在另一些情况下是更概念化的——为被剥夺公民权、被忽视或不受欢迎的人发声。本期杂志的每一位作者都明确了另一个共同点，但可能不太为人所知的一点:民主国家需要物理空间才能繁荣。正如理论家亨利·列斐伏尔(Henri Lefebvre)在《空间的生产》(the Production of Space)一书中所说，在自由资本主义民主制度下，占有地方具有解放的潜力。根据这一思路，我们的作者表明，有必要要求，占用物理-实际的建筑，实际的空间，实际的文物-来扩大民主，即使主导社会的一些权力关系在物质文化中被复制并通过物质文化复制。美国公共文化历史学家玛丽·p·瑞恩(Mary P. Ryan)将这一论点应用于19世纪的女性和城市。对于研究她作品的学生来说，在本期杂志中，不止一位作者引用了这一论点，这并不奇怪。安德鲁·k·桑多瓦尔·施特劳斯(Andrew K. SandovalStrausz)放弃了评论编辑的角色，撰写了《拉丁美洲方言和新兴国家景观》。根据杂志上发表的文章和2008年弗雷斯诺乡土建筑论坛会议上的讨论，SandovalStrausz重新审视了J. B. Jackson在60多年前发表在《景观》杂志上的一篇经典文章“我们可能曾经是吉娃娃”。SandovalStrausz证明，这篇文章仍然具有相关性，因为它有助于我们理解和处理拉美裔人(这个国家增长最快的人口群体之一)所产生的空间。通过坚持空间是被生产出来的，在列非佛的概念意义上，并通过对Eric Klinenberg的热浪:芝加哥灾难的社会解剖(2002)和许多其他文本的批判性分析，SandovalStrausz要求我们认识到拉丁裔地方制造的具体特征，包括对公共文化和公共空间的强调。桑多瓦尔·施特劳斯坚持认为，这种扩展的视野不仅有助于我们作为历史学家的工作，而且有助于制定公共政策。乔西·沃德还在《东方浪漫之梦:玛塔·古特曼和辛西娅·g·福克的唐人街再造》一书中考虑了种族、移民、城市空间和建筑
{"title":"Editors' Introduction","authors":"Kate M. Ott, Zayn R. Kassam","doi":"10.2979/jfemistudreli.35.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jfemistudreli.35.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"We send this issue to press as the 2012 presidential election draws to a close— an election that puts before the American people radically different visions of the future of these United States. It is by good fortune rather than by predetermined plan that the essays in this issue speak to questions that are front and center in the political landscape— the character of democracy, the role of government, the nature of the public— and that will remain so regardless of who is elected the next president. Your editors recognize the merits of publishing planned special themed issues, but this is not one, even though it may seem as if it ought to have been. We trust that you, as dedicated vernacularists, will appreciate the decision to find and underscore common themes in what were conceived as independent investigations of public culture in the United States. First and foremost, and critical to highlight during an especially bitter, nasty presidential campaign: our authors remind us of the importance of union, of finding common purpose while we critique democracy as it actually exists. Like Barack Obama, we agree that the “search for a more perfect union” is ongoing in the United States— and must be, given the country’s character as home to groups that are diverse in their past experiences, present circumstances, and outlooks for the future. In each article, the authors examine the struggle to give voice— in some cases literally, in others in a more conceptual sense— to the perspective of the disenfranchised, ignored, or unpopular. Each of this issue’s authors also makes clear another allied, but perhaps less recognized point: democracies need physical spaces to thrive. As the theorist Henri Lefebvre argued in The Production of Space, appropriating places has an emancipatory potential in a liberal capitalist democracy. In keeping with this line of thinking, our authors show that it is necessary to claim, to appropriate the physical— actual buildings, actual spaces, actual artifacts— to expand democracy, even if some of the power relations of the dominant society are replicated in and through material culture. This argument is one that Mary P. Ryan, historian of public culture in the United States, has applied to women and cities during the nineteenth century, and it comes as no surprise to students of her work that it is cited by more than one author in this issue. For the Viewpoint essay, Andrew K. SandovalStrausz steps out of his role as review editor to write “Latino Vernaculars and the Emerging National Landscape.” Building on essays published in this journal and discussions at the 2008 Vernacular Architecture Forum conference in Fresno, SandovalStrausz revisits a classic essay, “Chihuahua as We Might Have Been,” written by J. B. Jackson and published more than sixty years ago in Landscape. SandovalStrausz demonstrates that this essay remains relevant because it helps us understand and work with the spaces produced by Latinos, one of the fastest gro","PeriodicalId":44347,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FEMINIST STUDIES IN RELIGION","volume":"1 1","pages":"1 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82293113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.2979/jfemistudreli.38.2.09
Sharon Betsworth, J. Parker
Abstract:This article introduces the burgeoning field of childist biblical studies to feminist biblical studies through narrative exploration of Exod 2 and Mark 5–7. A brief overview of childist (or child-centered) biblical interpretation lays the groundwork for an ensuing focus on girls in these texts. The article focuses first on Exod 2, then Mark 5–7. Each discussion begins by acknowledging feminist scholarship on these texts before offering a childist analysis of each passage. The exegesis of Exod 2 demonstrates that half of the characters in this well-populated chapter should be understood as girls. Exegetical attention to Mark 5–7 subsequently reveals the critical theological role afforded to girls in these chapters. Combining tools of narrative analysis with childist hermeneutics, the authors show that girls in the Bible are more prevalent and powerful than commentators and readers often realize.
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Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.2979/jfemistudreli.38.2.16
Angela Standhartinger
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Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.2979/jfemistudreli.38.2.08
Janet Allured
Abstract:This paper examines a badly understudied topic, the feminist leadership provided by southern women in the Department of Christian Social Relations, a subunit of the Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS), and the United Methodist Women (UMW) from 1940 to 1990. It examines the origins and influence of the powerful UMW and its predecessor organizations, and explains why southern women predominated in leadership and why southerners, who are usually understood to be forces of conservatism, led the church to adopt progressive positions and policies regarding racial and gender justice in the mid- to late twentieth century. Profiled are the three most influential women within the UMW and its predecessors: Thelma Stevens, Peggy Billings, and Theressa Hoover. It briefly describes the effect that the Religious Right had on progressive women, and concludes with a brief discussion of the current debate over human sexuality within Methodism.
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Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.2979/jfemistudreli.38.2.15
Tyler M. Schwaller
{"title":"Touching the Past, or Reading as If It Matters Now","authors":"Tyler M. Schwaller","doi":"10.2979/jfemistudreli.38.2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jfemistudreli.38.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44347,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FEMINIST STUDIES IN RELIGION","volume":"75 1","pages":"177 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87075404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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