Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1080/14488353.2022.2083408
Nahla N. Hilal, T. A. Tawfik, H. H. Edan, Nadhim Hamah Sor
ABSTRACT Annually, the disposal of low-density polyethylene (LDP) and waste ceramics have increased, which have a negative impact on environmental pollution. Thus, construction material sustainability can be achieved through the use of these wastes in manufacturing concrete. This experimental investigation aimed to assess the behaviour of self-compacting concrete (SCC) incorporating LDP. A total of six concrete mixes were designed with various volume percentages of 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30% of LDP as fine aggregate and used waste ceramic powder 30% (by weight) as partial substitution of cement for all mixtures. The experimental parameters are composed of fresh properties (fresh density, segregation analysis, H2/H1 ratio, slump flow diameter, V-funnel and T500 slump flow time) and hardened properties of dry density, ultrasonic pulse velocity, compressive and flexural strengths. However, the samples were exposed to elevated temperatures at 25 and 800°C for 3 h to examine dry density and compressive strength. The results showed that the dry density and compressive strength with 30% LDP were decreased by 4.9 and 37.17%, respectively, after being exposed to 800°C. From the compressive strength results, it was determined that all the mixes before and after exposure to elevated temperatures were suitable for structural purposes.
{"title":"The mechanical and durability behaviour of sustainable self-compacting concrete partially contained waste plastic as fine aggregate","authors":"Nahla N. Hilal, T. A. Tawfik, H. H. Edan, Nadhim Hamah Sor","doi":"10.1080/14488353.2022.2083408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14488353.2022.2083408","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Annually, the disposal of low-density polyethylene (LDP) and waste ceramics have increased, which have a negative impact on environmental pollution. Thus, construction material sustainability can be achieved through the use of these wastes in manufacturing concrete. This experimental investigation aimed to assess the behaviour of self-compacting concrete (SCC) incorporating LDP. A total of six concrete mixes were designed with various volume percentages of 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30% of LDP as fine aggregate and used waste ceramic powder 30% (by weight) as partial substitution of cement for all mixtures. The experimental parameters are composed of fresh properties (fresh density, segregation analysis, H2/H1 ratio, slump flow diameter, V-funnel and T500 slump flow time) and hardened properties of dry density, ultrasonic pulse velocity, compressive and flexural strengths. However, the samples were exposed to elevated temperatures at 25 and 800°C for 3 h to examine dry density and compressive strength. The results showed that the dry density and compressive strength with 30% LDP were decreased by 4.9 and 37.17%, respectively, after being exposed to 800°C. From the compressive strength results, it was determined that all the mixes before and after exposure to elevated temperatures were suitable for structural purposes.","PeriodicalId":44354,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44570991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-16DOI: 10.1080/14488353.2022.2073048
S. M. Gunjal, B. Kondraivendhan
ABSTRACT The impact of high temperatures on calcined clay-limestone cement concrete (LC3) and calcined clay-marble stone cement concrete (MC3) is studied in this paper. In the present study, M25 and M35 grades of concrete was prepared using LC3 and MC3 cement and ordinary Portland cement (OPC). After 28 days of moist curing, prepared cubes of size 100 × 100 × 100 mm3, which were subjected to 100°C, 200°C, 400°C, 600°C and 800°C temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mass loss, surface texture and compressive strength (CS) were studied before and after specified temperatures. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy have been studied over M25-OPC, M25-LC3 and M25-MC3 concrete. The result shows that when the temperature exceeds 400°C, the mass loss in OPC was more than LC3 and MC3 concrete. CS was more in LC3 and MC3 concrete than OPC concrete at all high temperatures. The SEM results reveal that M25-LC3 and M25-MC3 concrete specimens have a sound structured C–S–H gel at high temperatures as compared to M25-OPC concrete specimens.
{"title":"Effect of elevated temperature on the calcined clay-limestone and marble stone blended cement concrete","authors":"S. M. Gunjal, B. Kondraivendhan","doi":"10.1080/14488353.2022.2073048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14488353.2022.2073048","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The impact of high temperatures on calcined clay-limestone cement concrete (LC3) and calcined clay-marble stone cement concrete (MC3) is studied in this paper. In the present study, M25 and M35 grades of concrete was prepared using LC3 and MC3 cement and ordinary Portland cement (OPC). After 28 days of moist curing, prepared cubes of size 100 × 100 × 100 mm3, which were subjected to 100°C, 200°C, 400°C, 600°C and 800°C temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mass loss, surface texture and compressive strength (CS) were studied before and after specified temperatures. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy have been studied over M25-OPC, M25-LC3 and M25-MC3 concrete. The result shows that when the temperature exceeds 400°C, the mass loss in OPC was more than LC3 and MC3 concrete. CS was more in LC3 and MC3 concrete than OPC concrete at all high temperatures. The SEM results reveal that M25-LC3 and M25-MC3 concrete specimens have a sound structured C–S–H gel at high temperatures as compared to M25-OPC concrete specimens.","PeriodicalId":44354,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":"50 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48452946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-10DOI: 10.1080/14488353.2022.2075077
Y. K. Ramu, P. Thomas, V. Sirivivatnanon, K. Vessalas
ABSTRACT This paper identifies the critical cement parameters that cause expansive delayed ettringite formation (DEF) and compares them with Australian cement standards and specifications. The comparison shows that general-purpose (GP) cements adhering to Standards Australia and specifications stipulating low sulphate, alkali contents may not be prone to expansive DEF. However, there is a lack of experimental evidence supporting the low risk of Australian cements for expansive DEF. Hence, in this study, the susceptibility of Australian GP cements to expansive DEF under different heat curing temperatures up to 90°C have been studied. Further, these cements have been chemically modified to simulate the characteristics of cements used where deleterious DEF is observed in field cases. The testing protocol included long-term mortar expansion studies supported by phase and microstructural analyses. The results indicate that mortars containing Australian GP cements do not exhibit DEF expansion. Furthermore, increasing the cement sulphate content to 4% or alkali content to 1% did not result in DEF expansion. However, for cements where both the sulphate and alkali contents were increased to 4% and 1%, respectively, mortars generated significant expansion associated with ettringite precipitation. Overall, the results obtained from this study indicate that GP cements complying with Standards Australia and specifications for sulphate and alkali limits are not susceptible to expansive DEF.
{"title":"Non-expansive delayed ettringite formation in low sulphate and low alkali cement mortars","authors":"Y. K. Ramu, P. Thomas, V. Sirivivatnanon, K. Vessalas","doi":"10.1080/14488353.2022.2075077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14488353.2022.2075077","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper identifies the critical cement parameters that cause expansive delayed ettringite formation (DEF) and compares them with Australian cement standards and specifications. The comparison shows that general-purpose (GP) cements adhering to Standards Australia and specifications stipulating low sulphate, alkali contents may not be prone to expansive DEF. However, there is a lack of experimental evidence supporting the low risk of Australian cements for expansive DEF. Hence, in this study, the susceptibility of Australian GP cements to expansive DEF under different heat curing temperatures up to 90°C have been studied. Further, these cements have been chemically modified to simulate the characteristics of cements used where deleterious DEF is observed in field cases. The testing protocol included long-term mortar expansion studies supported by phase and microstructural analyses. The results indicate that mortars containing Australian GP cements do not exhibit DEF expansion. Furthermore, increasing the cement sulphate content to 4% or alkali content to 1% did not result in DEF expansion. However, for cements where both the sulphate and alkali contents were increased to 4% and 1%, respectively, mortars generated significant expansion associated with ettringite precipitation. Overall, the results obtained from this study indicate that GP cements complying with Standards Australia and specifications for sulphate and alkali limits are not susceptible to expansive DEF.","PeriodicalId":44354,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":"68 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45280060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-07DOI: 10.1080/14488353.2022.2059136
S. Kayalvizhi, K. Muthukkumaran, S. Shukla
ABSTRACT A lot of uncertainty is associated with the behavior of pile foundations on the sloping ground due to factors like soil – pile interface and vague evaluation of pile bearing capacity. These constraints have a considerable impact on the extensive implementation of deep foundation on sloping ground. Comprehensive research studies were carried out on laterally loaded vertical piles on horizontal ground whereas only a limited number of studies have been conducted on the behavior of the laterally loaded raker-pile system on sloping sites. Therefore, to address this knowledge gap, the current investigative research paper aimed to study the results of a series of static lateral load tests were conducted in the laboratory on a single aluminium model raker pile embedded in loose sandy soil on 1V: 2H sloping ground. The loading directions were varied considering either forward (close to the slope) or reverse (away from the slope) loading for all pile positions. The influence of the sloping ground was quantified by measuring the pile response for horizontal ground conditions. It was observed that there is a significant increase in the displacement of the pile for the sloping ground surface compared to the horizontal ground. With an increase in the edge distance from the slope crest towards the embankment, a reduction in the pile displacement was observed. The optimum distance from the slope crest towards the embankment where the effect of slope becomes nullified under both forward and reverse lateral loads was determined as 10D (D – Diameter of the pile). From the obtained results, it was evident that in the case of the level ground and sloping ground with forward loading, the negative raker piles offer more resistance to lateral loads than vertical piles. In contrast, the positive raker piles endure the least lateral load with increasing inclination angle.
{"title":"Experimental study on evaluating the lateral load capacity of raker pile in sloping ground","authors":"S. Kayalvizhi, K. Muthukkumaran, S. Shukla","doi":"10.1080/14488353.2022.2059136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14488353.2022.2059136","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A lot of uncertainty is associated with the behavior of pile foundations on the sloping ground due to factors like soil – pile interface and vague evaluation of pile bearing capacity. These constraints have a considerable impact on the extensive implementation of deep foundation on sloping ground. Comprehensive research studies were carried out on laterally loaded vertical piles on horizontal ground whereas only a limited number of studies have been conducted on the behavior of the laterally loaded raker-pile system on sloping sites. Therefore, to address this knowledge gap, the current investigative research paper aimed to study the results of a series of static lateral load tests were conducted in the laboratory on a single aluminium model raker pile embedded in loose sandy soil on 1V: 2H sloping ground. The loading directions were varied considering either forward (close to the slope) or reverse (away from the slope) loading for all pile positions. The influence of the sloping ground was quantified by measuring the pile response for horizontal ground conditions. It was observed that there is a significant increase in the displacement of the pile for the sloping ground surface compared to the horizontal ground. With an increase in the edge distance from the slope crest towards the embankment, a reduction in the pile displacement was observed. The optimum distance from the slope crest towards the embankment where the effect of slope becomes nullified under both forward and reverse lateral loads was determined as 10D (D – Diameter of the pile). From the obtained results, it was evident that in the case of the level ground and sloping ground with forward loading, the negative raker piles offer more resistance to lateral loads than vertical piles. In contrast, the positive raker piles endure the least lateral load with increasing inclination angle.","PeriodicalId":44354,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":"20 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43031698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1080/14488353.2022.2056307
Saima Ali, Xuemei Liu, S. Fawzia, D. Thambiratnam
ABSTRACT Safe runway pavements are essential for the smooth landing of aircraft. Due to aircraft movements, these pavements are subjected to large dynamic loads that can cause their failure and jeopardise safety. This paper proposes the use of improved cement-based layers to enhance the performance of flexible runway pavements. The performance of such retrofitted runway pavements under both static and moving loads is investigated by experimental study and three-dimensional numerical simulations. Results indicate that the improved cement-based layers can significantly reduce surface deflections in the runways under heavy static and moving loads. Under heavy moving loads, the proposed cement-based layers can distribute the vertical stresses to the surrounding soil area, significantly reduce surface deformations and prevent failure. Findings of this research will contribute towards improved designs of runway pavements resulting in enhanced safety and failure mitigation.
{"title":"Performance evaluation of improved flexible runway Pavement under aircraft loads","authors":"Saima Ali, Xuemei Liu, S. Fawzia, D. Thambiratnam","doi":"10.1080/14488353.2022.2056307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14488353.2022.2056307","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Safe runway pavements are essential for the smooth landing of aircraft. Due to aircraft movements, these pavements are subjected to large dynamic loads that can cause their failure and jeopardise safety. This paper proposes the use of improved cement-based layers to enhance the performance of flexible runway pavements. The performance of such retrofitted runway pavements under both static and moving loads is investigated by experimental study and three-dimensional numerical simulations. Results indicate that the improved cement-based layers can significantly reduce surface deflections in the runways under heavy static and moving loads. Under heavy moving loads, the proposed cement-based layers can distribute the vertical stresses to the surrounding soil area, significantly reduce surface deformations and prevent failure. Findings of this research will contribute towards improved designs of runway pavements resulting in enhanced safety and failure mitigation.","PeriodicalId":44354,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":"1 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44324112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-13DOI: 10.1080/14488353.2021.2024329
Yinan An, J. Qiu, Z. Dong
ABSTRACT Waste Management has become a challenging topic for fast-growing areas in many countries. The situation became worse when more and more countries have banned the import of different types of wastes. In this paper, we showcase a real-life example of an intelligent way of managing waste using Smart Bins over the Internet of Things and an integration with a dashboard system for decision-makers. We examined if there is any correlation between the smart bins’ fullness and the date or month.
{"title":"Smart waste management system for decision makers by using smart bins - a case study for an Australian municipality","authors":"Yinan An, J. Qiu, Z. Dong","doi":"10.1080/14488353.2021.2024329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14488353.2021.2024329","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Waste Management has become a challenging topic for fast-growing areas in many countries. The situation became worse when more and more countries have banned the import of different types of wastes. In this paper, we showcase a real-life example of an intelligent way of managing waste using Smart Bins over the Internet of Things and an integration with a dashboard system for decision-makers. We examined if there is any correlation between the smart bins’ fullness and the date or month.","PeriodicalId":44354,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":"454 - 459"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48405442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-09DOI: 10.1080/14488353.2021.1974659
I. Saifullah, E. Gad, Rojit Shahi, John L. Wilson, N. Lam, K. Watson
ABSTRACT In Australian domestic structures, steel framing and sheathing panels are usually connected using screws. The ceiling diaphragm plays an important role in distributing lateral loads to the bracing walls. Shear connection tests could be used to observe the ceiling diaphragm performance without the complexity of testing full-scale isolated diaphragms. In this research, numerous inexpensive tests have been conducted to replicate representative tests to determine the parameters outlining the load-displacement behaviour for the screw connections between cold-formed steel framing members and plasterboard sheathing. All investigations of shear connection tests have focused on monotonic loading testing. These tests are aimed to determine the lower and upper bounds of the load-displacement curves for typical cold-formed steel framing-to-plasterboard screw connections in ceiling diaphragms. Finally, finite element (FE) models were developed by utilising these test results and predicted the performance of full-sized plasterboard-clad cold-formed steel framed ceiling diaphragms under lateral loading.
{"title":"Shear behaviour of screw connections in plasterboard sheathed cold- formed steel-framed ceiling diaphragms: experimental and comparative study","authors":"I. Saifullah, E. Gad, Rojit Shahi, John L. Wilson, N. Lam, K. Watson","doi":"10.1080/14488353.2021.1974659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14488353.2021.1974659","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In Australian domestic structures, steel framing and sheathing panels are usually connected using screws. The ceiling diaphragm plays an important role in distributing lateral loads to the bracing walls. Shear connection tests could be used to observe the ceiling diaphragm performance without the complexity of testing full-scale isolated diaphragms. In this research, numerous inexpensive tests have been conducted to replicate representative tests to determine the parameters outlining the load-displacement behaviour for the screw connections between cold-formed steel framing members and plasterboard sheathing. All investigations of shear connection tests have focused on monotonic loading testing. These tests are aimed to determine the lower and upper bounds of the load-displacement curves for typical cold-formed steel framing-to-plasterboard screw connections in ceiling diaphragms. Finally, finite element (FE) models were developed by utilising these test results and predicted the performance of full-sized plasterboard-clad cold-formed steel framed ceiling diaphragms under lateral loading.","PeriodicalId":44354,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":"326 - 344"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45862905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-24DOI: 10.1080/14488353.2021.1993527
A. Mansourian, M. Ameri, Mohammad Hassan Mirabi Moghaddam, E. Riahi, H. Shaker, A. Ameri
ABSTRACT Increased heavy-vehicle traffic, higher traffic volumes, and temperature changes lead to distresses such as stripping, rutting, fatigue cracks in asphalt pavements, increasing the cost of road maintenance. Therefore, it is inevitable that the properties of bitumen and asphalt mixtures must be improved. Polymer modification is one of the methods to improve bitumen properties. In the present paper, styrene butadiene styrene (SBS), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and low-density polyethylene (LDPE), along with Sasobit wax, were used to modify the bitumen. For that purpose, we used tests, including conventional bitumen tests and linear amplitude sweep (LAS) tests. The results of the present study showed that the polymer mentioned above improves the rutting index of the base bitumen. Based on the bending beam test results, polymer additives and Sasobit have no positive effect on the low-temperature performance of the base bitumen. The LAS test results were used to compare PMBs’ fatigue performance, and it was evident that SBR had the most significant effect on increasing the fatigue life of the base bitumen. In the meantime, Sasobit increases the fatigue life of PMBs at high strain levels.
{"title":"Behavioural mechanism of SBR, LDPE, and SBS modified bituminous mixtures","authors":"A. Mansourian, M. Ameri, Mohammad Hassan Mirabi Moghaddam, E. Riahi, H. Shaker, A. Ameri","doi":"10.1080/14488353.2021.1993527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14488353.2021.1993527","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Increased heavy-vehicle traffic, higher traffic volumes, and temperature changes lead to distresses such as stripping, rutting, fatigue cracks in asphalt pavements, increasing the cost of road maintenance. Therefore, it is inevitable that the properties of bitumen and asphalt mixtures must be improved. Polymer modification is one of the methods to improve bitumen properties. In the present paper, styrene butadiene styrene (SBS), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and low-density polyethylene (LDPE), along with Sasobit wax, were used to modify the bitumen. For that purpose, we used tests, including conventional bitumen tests and linear amplitude sweep (LAS) tests. The results of the present study showed that the polymer mentioned above improves the rutting index of the base bitumen. Based on the bending beam test results, polymer additives and Sasobit have no positive effect on the low-temperature performance of the base bitumen. The LAS test results were used to compare PMBs’ fatigue performance, and it was evident that SBR had the most significant effect on increasing the fatigue life of the base bitumen. In the meantime, Sasobit increases the fatigue life of PMBs at high strain levels.","PeriodicalId":44354,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":"389 - 398"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42154931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-19DOI: 10.1080/14488353.2021.1981524
Mir NaghiMousavi, E. Ahani, B. Rafezy, Fathollah Osmanzadeh
ABSTRACT Masonry infills, due to considerable stiffness content, may play a crucial role in the lateral behaviour of the RC frames. Lateral behaviour of masonry infill frames is strongly influenced by material properties, masonry dimensions, aspect ratio, and story numbers. In this study, the effects of the number of stories on the interaction between masonry infill and RC frame are evaluated. To this purpose, a half-scaled single-bay, single-story RC frame was built with the most common material inside the country and tested under the cyclic loading. Thereafter, numerical modelling of the experimental specimen is performed. After validating the authenticity of numerical modelling by the consequence of experimental results, numerical models expanded in RC frames with different story numbers. Simplified micro modelling method employed for numerical modelling. The results indicate that increasing the number of story more than two stories will reduce the impact of the presence of masonry infill wall on the lateral behaviour of reinforced concrete frames.
{"title":"An investigation on the effect of number of stories on lateral behaviour of RC frame with masonry infill wall","authors":"Mir NaghiMousavi, E. Ahani, B. Rafezy, Fathollah Osmanzadeh","doi":"10.1080/14488353.2021.1981524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14488353.2021.1981524","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Masonry infills, due to considerable stiffness content, may play a crucial role in the lateral behaviour of the RC frames. Lateral behaviour of masonry infill frames is strongly influenced by material properties, masonry dimensions, aspect ratio, and story numbers. In this study, the effects of the number of stories on the interaction between masonry infill and RC frame are evaluated. To this purpose, a half-scaled single-bay, single-story RC frame was built with the most common material inside the country and tested under the cyclic loading. Thereafter, numerical modelling of the experimental specimen is performed. After validating the authenticity of numerical modelling by the consequence of experimental results, numerical models expanded in RC frames with different story numbers. Simplified micro modelling method employed for numerical modelling. The results indicate that increasing the number of story more than two stories will reduce the impact of the presence of masonry infill wall on the lateral behaviour of reinforced concrete frames.","PeriodicalId":44354,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"8 6","pages":"345 - 358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41268002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-17DOI: 10.1080/14488353.2021.2002523
F. Mainier, Rodolfo Gomes Shamá Dos Santos, R. J. Mainier
ABSTRACT Some natural gas distributors for residential and commercial buildings in Brazil use galvanised steel tubes and fittings manufactured by the hot-dip zinc process that is supported by the specifications contained in the Brazilian Standards. Zinc coating is one of the most widely used methods to provide protection against corrosion. It is therefore essential that national and international tube manufacturers and installation and maintenance companies in civil construction also meet the defined national and international standards, especially when the tubes and fittings are used for natural gas in residential buildings. Descriptions, characterisations, and comparisons are made by the Copper Sulphate Solution test of the zinc coating (g/m2), and defects can occur in the zinc layer using metallographic analysis. Considering that the Copper Sulphate Solution test not only evaluates the uniformity but also assesses the porosity of the coating on galvanised steel elements, some pipes available in the Brazilian market do not comply with the standards. At least 70% of the test specimens were rejected by the Brazilian standards.
{"title":"Evaluation of uniformity on zinc-coated (galvanised) steel pipes applied to natural gas installations in civil construction","authors":"F. Mainier, Rodolfo Gomes Shamá Dos Santos, R. J. Mainier","doi":"10.1080/14488353.2021.2002523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14488353.2021.2002523","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Some natural gas distributors for residential and commercial buildings in Brazil use galvanised steel tubes and fittings manufactured by the hot-dip zinc process that is supported by the specifications contained in the Brazilian Standards. Zinc coating is one of the most widely used methods to provide protection against corrosion. It is therefore essential that national and international tube manufacturers and installation and maintenance companies in civil construction also meet the defined national and international standards, especially when the tubes and fittings are used for natural gas in residential buildings. Descriptions, characterisations, and comparisons are made by the Copper Sulphate Solution test of the zinc coating (g/m2), and defects can occur in the zinc layer using metallographic analysis. Considering that the Copper Sulphate Solution test not only evaluates the uniformity but also assesses the porosity of the coating on galvanised steel elements, some pipes available in the Brazilian market do not comply with the standards. At least 70% of the test specimens were rejected by the Brazilian standards.","PeriodicalId":44354,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":"444 - 453"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43695390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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