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The mechanical and durability behaviour of sustainable self-compacting concrete partially contained waste plastic as fine aggregate 部分含废塑料细骨料的可持续自密实混凝土的力学性能和耐久性
IF 1.3 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/14488353.2022.2083408
Nahla N. Hilal, T. A. Tawfik, H. H. Edan, Nadhim Hamah Sor
ABSTRACT Annually, the disposal of low-density polyethylene (LDP) and waste ceramics have increased, which have a negative impact on environmental pollution. Thus, construction material sustainability can be achieved through the use of these wastes in manufacturing concrete. This experimental investigation aimed to assess the behaviour of self-compacting concrete (SCC) incorporating LDP. A total of six concrete mixes were designed with various volume percentages of 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30% of LDP as fine aggregate and used waste ceramic powder 30% (by weight) as partial substitution of cement for all mixtures. The experimental parameters are composed of fresh properties (fresh density, segregation analysis, H2/H1 ratio, slump flow diameter, V-funnel and T500 slump flow time) and hardened properties of dry density, ultrasonic pulse velocity, compressive and flexural strengths. However, the samples were exposed to elevated temperatures at 25 and 800°C for 3 h to examine dry density and compressive strength. The results showed that the dry density and compressive strength with 30% LDP were decreased by 4.9 and 37.17%, respectively, after being exposed to 800°C. From the compressive strength results, it was determined that all the mixes before and after exposure to elevated temperatures were suitable for structural purposes.
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引用次数: 7
Effect of elevated temperature on the calcined clay-limestone and marble stone blended cement concrete 高温对煅烧粘土-石灰石和大理岩混合水泥混凝土的影响
IF 1.3 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-05-16 DOI: 10.1080/14488353.2022.2073048
S. M. Gunjal, B. Kondraivendhan
ABSTRACT The impact of high temperatures on calcined clay-limestone cement concrete (LC3) and calcined clay-marble stone cement concrete (MC3) is studied in this paper. In the present study, M25 and M35 grades of concrete was prepared using LC3 and MC3 cement and ordinary Portland cement (OPC). After 28 days of moist curing, prepared cubes of size 100 × 100 × 100 mm3, which were subjected to 100°C, 200°C, 400°C, 600°C and 800°C temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mass loss, surface texture and compressive strength (CS) were studied before and after specified temperatures. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy have been studied over M25-OPC, M25-LC3 and M25-MC3 concrete. The result shows that when the temperature exceeds 400°C, the mass loss in OPC was more than LC3 and MC3 concrete. CS was more in LC3 and MC3 concrete than OPC concrete at all high temperatures. The SEM results reveal that M25-LC3 and M25-MC3 concrete specimens have a sound structured C–S–H gel at high temperatures as compared to M25-OPC concrete specimens.
本文研究了高温对煅烧粘土石灰石水泥混凝土(LC3)和煅烧粘土大理石水泥混凝土(MC3)的影响。在本研究中,M25和M35等级的混凝土是使用LC3和MC3水泥以及普通硅酸盐水泥(OPC)制备的。湿养护28天后,制备尺寸为100×100×100 mm3的立方体,将其置于100°C、200°C、400°C、600°C和800°C的温度下。在规定温度前后对扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、质量损失、表面织构和抗压强度(CS)进行了研究。研究了M25-OPC、M25-LC3和M25-MC3混凝土的X射线衍射(XRD)图谱、热重分析(TGA)和傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)。结果表明,当温度超过400°C时,OPC的质量损失大于LC3和MC3混凝土。在所有高温下,LC3和MC3混凝土中的CS比OPC混凝土中的多。SEM结果表明,与M25-OPC混凝土试样相比,M25-LC3和M25-MC3混凝土试样在高温下具有良好的结构C–S–H凝胶。
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引用次数: 2
Non-expansive delayed ettringite formation in low sulphate and low alkali cement mortars 低硫酸盐低碱水泥砂浆中非膨胀延迟钙矾石的形成
IF 1.3 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-05-10 DOI: 10.1080/14488353.2022.2075077
Y. K. Ramu, P. Thomas, V. Sirivivatnanon, K. Vessalas
ABSTRACT This paper identifies the critical cement parameters that cause expansive delayed ettringite formation (DEF) and compares them with Australian cement standards and specifications. The comparison shows that general-purpose (GP) cements adhering to Standards Australia and specifications stipulating low sulphate, alkali contents may not be prone to expansive DEF. However, there is a lack of experimental evidence supporting the low risk of Australian cements for expansive DEF. Hence, in this study, the susceptibility of Australian GP cements to expansive DEF under different heat curing temperatures up to 90°C have been studied. Further, these cements have been chemically modified to simulate the characteristics of cements used where deleterious DEF is observed in field cases. The testing protocol included long-term mortar expansion studies supported by phase and microstructural analyses. The results indicate that mortars containing Australian GP cements do not exhibit DEF expansion. Furthermore, increasing the cement sulphate content to 4% or alkali content to 1% did not result in DEF expansion. However, for cements where both the sulphate and alkali contents were increased to 4% and 1%, respectively, mortars generated significant expansion associated with ettringite precipitation. Overall, the results obtained from this study indicate that GP cements complying with Standards Australia and specifications for sulphate and alkali limits are not susceptible to expansive DEF.
本文确定了导致膨胀延迟钙矾石形成(DEF)的关键水泥参数,并将其与澳大利亚水泥标准和规范进行了比较。比较表明,符合澳大利亚标准和规范规定的低硫酸盐、低碱含量的通用(GP)水泥可能不容易发生膨胀性DEF。然而,缺乏实验证据支持澳大利亚水泥发生膨胀性DEF的风险较低。因此,本研究研究了澳大利亚GP水泥在高达90°C的不同热固化温度下对膨胀性DEF的敏感性。此外,这些水泥经过化学改性,以模拟在现场观察到有害DEF的水泥的特性。测试方案包括长期的砂浆膨胀研究,由相和微观结构分析支持。结果表明,含有澳大利亚GP水泥的砂浆不表现出DEF膨胀。此外,将水泥硫酸盐含量增加到4%或碱含量增加到1%不会导致DEF膨胀。然而,当硫酸盐和碱含量分别增加到4%和1%时,砂浆会产生显著的膨胀,并伴有钙矾石的沉淀。总的来说,这项研究的结果表明,符合澳大利亚标准和硫酸盐和碱限制规范的GP水泥不容易受到膨胀DEF的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Experimental study on evaluating the lateral load capacity of raker pile in sloping ground 倾斜地基中斜桩横向承载力评价的试验研究
IF 1.3 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-04-07 DOI: 10.1080/14488353.2022.2059136
S. Kayalvizhi, K. Muthukkumaran, S. Shukla
ABSTRACT A lot of uncertainty is associated with the behavior of pile foundations on the sloping ground due to factors like soil – pile interface and vague evaluation of pile bearing capacity. These constraints have a considerable impact on the extensive implementation of deep foundation on sloping ground. Comprehensive research studies were carried out on laterally loaded vertical piles on horizontal ground whereas only a limited number of studies have been conducted on the behavior of the laterally loaded raker-pile system on sloping sites. Therefore, to address this knowledge gap, the current investigative research paper aimed to study the results of a series of static lateral load tests were conducted in the laboratory on a single aluminium model raker pile embedded in loose sandy soil on 1V: 2H sloping ground. The loading directions were varied considering either forward (close to the slope) or reverse (away from the slope) loading for all pile positions. The influence of the sloping ground was quantified by measuring the pile response for horizontal ground conditions. It was observed that there is a significant increase in the displacement of the pile for the sloping ground surface compared to the horizontal ground. With an increase in the edge distance from the slope crest towards the embankment, a reduction in the pile displacement was observed. The optimum distance from the slope crest towards the embankment where the effect of slope becomes nullified under both forward and reverse lateral loads was determined as 10D (D – Diameter of the pile). From the obtained results, it was evident that in the case of the level ground and sloping ground with forward loading, the negative raker piles offer more resistance to lateral loads than vertical piles. In contrast, the positive raker piles endure the least lateral load with increasing inclination angle.
由于土-桩界面和桩承载力评估模糊等因素,斜坡地基上桩基的性能存在许多不确定性。这些限制对在斜坡地面上广泛实施深基础产生了相当大的影响。对水平地面上的横向荷载垂直桩进行了全面的研究,而对斜坡场地上横向荷载斜桩系统的性能只进行了有限数量的研究。因此,为了解决这一知识空白,本研究论文旨在研究在实验室中对嵌入1V:2H斜坡松散砂土中的单个铝制模型耙桩进行的一系列静态横向载荷试验的结果。考虑到所有桩位的正向(靠近斜坡)或反向(远离斜坡)荷载,荷载方向发生变化。通过测量水平地面条件下的桩响应来量化倾斜地面的影响。据观察,与水平地面相比,倾斜地面的桩位移显著增加。随着从坡顶到路堤的边缘距离的增加,观察到桩的位移减少。从坡顶到路堤的最佳距离被确定为10D(D–桩的直径),在正向和反向横向荷载作用下,斜坡的影响将消失。从所获得的结果来看,很明显,在水平地面和斜坡地面具有正向荷载的情况下,负斜桩比垂直桩提供了更大的侧向荷载阻力。相反,随着倾角的增加,正斜桩承受的侧向荷载最小。
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引用次数: 0
Performance evaluation of improved flexible runway Pavement under aircraft loads 飞机载荷作用下改进型柔性跑道路面性能评价
IF 1.3 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/14488353.2022.2056307
Saima Ali, Xuemei Liu, S. Fawzia, D. Thambiratnam
ABSTRACT Safe runway pavements are essential for the smooth landing of aircraft. Due to aircraft movements, these pavements are subjected to large dynamic loads that can cause their failure and jeopardise safety. This paper proposes the use of improved cement-based layers to enhance the performance of flexible runway pavements. The performance of such retrofitted runway pavements under both static and moving loads is investigated by experimental study and three-dimensional numerical simulations. Results indicate that the improved cement-based layers can significantly reduce surface deflections in the runways under heavy static and moving loads. Under heavy moving loads, the proposed cement-based layers can distribute the vertical stresses to the surrounding soil area, significantly reduce surface deformations and prevent failure. Findings of this research will contribute towards improved designs of runway pavements resulting in enhanced safety and failure mitigation.
安全的跑道路面对于飞机的平稳降落至关重要。由于飞机的运动,这些路面受到巨大的动载荷,可能导致其失效并危及安全。本文提出采用改良水泥基层来提高柔性跑道路面的性能。采用试验研究和三维数值模拟的方法,研究了这种改型跑道路面在静、动载荷作用下的性能。结果表明,改进后的水泥基层能显著降低静、动载荷作用下的跑道表面挠度。在较大的移动荷载作用下,所提出的水泥基层可以将竖向应力分布到周围土体区域,显著减少地表变形,防止破坏。这项研究的结果将有助于改善跑道路面的设计,从而提高安全性和减少故障。
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引用次数: 0
Smart waste management system for decision makers by using smart bins - a case study for an Australian municipality 使用智能垃圾箱为决策者提供的智能垃圾管理系统——以澳大利亚市政当局为例
IF 1.3 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-01-13 DOI: 10.1080/14488353.2021.2024329
Yinan An, J. Qiu, Z. Dong
ABSTRACT Waste Management has become a challenging topic for fast-growing areas in many countries. The situation became worse when more and more countries have banned the import of different types of wastes. In this paper, we showcase a real-life example of an intelligent way of managing waste using Smart Bins over the Internet of Things and an integration with a dashboard system for decision-makers. We examined if there is any correlation between the smart bins’ fullness and the date or month.
垃圾管理已成为许多国家快速发展地区的一个具有挑战性的话题。当越来越多的国家禁止进口不同类型的废物时,情况变得更糟了。在本文中,我们展示了一个现实生活中的例子,即通过物联网使用智能垃圾箱管理废物的智能方式,并与决策者的仪表板系统集成。我们检查了智能垃圾箱的丰满程度与日期或月份之间是否存在任何相关性。
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引用次数: 4
Shear behaviour of screw connections in plasterboard sheathed cold- formed steel-framed ceiling diaphragms: experimental and comparative study 石膏板护套冷弯型钢框架天花板横隔梁中螺纹连接的剪切性能:实验与比较研究
IF 1.3 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-01-09 DOI: 10.1080/14488353.2021.1974659
I. Saifullah, E. Gad, Rojit Shahi, John L. Wilson, N. Lam, K. Watson
ABSTRACT In Australian domestic structures, steel framing and sheathing panels are usually connected using screws. The ceiling diaphragm plays an important role in distributing lateral loads to the bracing walls. Shear connection tests could be used to observe the ceiling diaphragm performance without the complexity of testing full-scale isolated diaphragms. In this research, numerous inexpensive tests have been conducted to replicate representative tests to determine the parameters outlining the load-displacement behaviour for the screw connections between cold-formed steel framing members and plasterboard sheathing. All investigations of shear connection tests have focused on monotonic loading testing. These tests are aimed to determine the lower and upper bounds of the load-displacement curves for typical cold-formed steel framing-to-plasterboard screw connections in ceiling diaphragms. Finally, finite element (FE) models were developed by utilising these test results and predicted the performance of full-sized plasterboard-clad cold-formed steel framed ceiling diaphragms under lateral loading.
摘要在澳大利亚国内结构中,钢框架和盖板通常使用螺钉连接。天花板隔板在向支撑墙分配横向荷载方面发挥着重要作用。剪切连接测试可用于观察天花板隔板的性能,而无需测试全尺寸隔离隔板的复杂性。在这项研究中,已经进行了许多廉价的测试,以复制具有代表性的测试,从而确定冷成型钢框架构件和石膏板护套之间的螺纹连接的荷载-位移行为的参数。剪切连接试验的所有研究都集中在单调荷载试验上。这些试验旨在确定天花板隔板中典型冷弯型钢框架与石膏板螺纹连接的荷载-位移曲线的下限和上限。最后,利用这些试验结果建立了有限元模型,并预测了全尺寸石膏板覆盖冷弯型钢框架天花板隔板在横向荷载作用下的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Behavioural mechanism of SBR, LDPE, and SBS modified bituminous mixtures SBR、LDPE和SBS改性沥青混合料的行为机理
IF 1.3 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-11-24 DOI: 10.1080/14488353.2021.1993527
A. Mansourian, M. Ameri, Mohammad Hassan Mirabi Moghaddam, E. Riahi, H. Shaker, A. Ameri
ABSTRACT Increased heavy-vehicle traffic, higher traffic volumes, and temperature changes lead to distresses such as stripping, rutting, fatigue cracks in asphalt pavements, increasing the cost of road maintenance. Therefore, it is inevitable that the properties of bitumen and asphalt mixtures must be improved. Polymer modification is one of the methods to improve bitumen properties. In the present paper, styrene butadiene styrene (SBS), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and low-density polyethylene (LDPE), along with Sasobit wax, were used to modify the bitumen. For that purpose, we used tests, including conventional bitumen tests and linear amplitude sweep (LAS) tests. The results of the present study showed that the polymer mentioned above improves the rutting index of the base bitumen. Based on the bending beam test results, polymer additives and Sasobit have no positive effect on the low-temperature performance of the base bitumen. The LAS test results were used to compare PMBs’ fatigue performance, and it was evident that SBR had the most significant effect on increasing the fatigue life of the base bitumen. In the meantime, Sasobit increases the fatigue life of PMBs at high strain levels.
摘要重型车辆流量的增加、交通量的增加和温度的变化导致沥青路面出现剥离、车辙、疲劳裂缝等病害,增加了道路养护成本。因此,必须改善沥青和沥青混合料的性能。聚合物改性是改善沥青性能的方法之一。本文采用苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶(SBR)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)和萨索比特蜡对沥青进行改性。为此,我们使用了测试,包括传统沥青测试和线性振幅扫描(LAS)测试。研究结果表明,上述聚合物提高了基础沥青的车辙指数。根据弯梁试验结果,聚合物添加剂和Sasobit对基础沥青的低温性能没有积极影响。LAS试验结果用于比较PMBs的疲劳性能,结果表明SBR对提高基础沥青的疲劳寿命影响最大。同时,Sasobit在高应变水平下增加了PMB的疲劳寿命。
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引用次数: 3
An investigation on the effect of number of stories on lateral behaviour of RC frame with masonry infill wall 层数对砌体填充墙混凝土框架侧移性能影响的研究
IF 1.3 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-11-19 DOI: 10.1080/14488353.2021.1981524
Mir NaghiMousavi, E. Ahani, B. Rafezy, Fathollah Osmanzadeh
ABSTRACT Masonry infills, due to considerable stiffness content, may play a crucial role in the lateral behaviour of the RC frames. Lateral behaviour of masonry infill frames is strongly influenced by material properties, masonry dimensions, aspect ratio, and story numbers. In this study, the effects of the number of stories on the interaction between masonry infill and RC frame are evaluated. To this purpose, a half-scaled single-bay, single-story RC frame was built with the most common material inside the country and tested under the cyclic loading. Thereafter, numerical modelling of the experimental specimen is performed. After validating the authenticity of numerical modelling by the consequence of experimental results, numerical models expanded in RC frames with different story numbers. Simplified micro modelling method employed for numerical modelling. The results indicate that increasing the number of story more than two stories will reduce the impact of the presence of masonry infill wall on the lateral behaviour of reinforced concrete frames.
摘要砌体填充物由于具有相当大的刚度,可能在钢筋混凝土框架的横向性能中起着至关重要的作用。砌体填充框架的横向性能受到材料特性、砌体尺寸、纵横比和层数的强烈影响。在本研究中,评估了层数对砌体填充和RC框架之间相互作用的影响。为此,用国内最常见的材料建造了一个半比例的单开间单层RC框架,并在循环荷载下进行了测试。然后,对实验样品进行数值模拟。在通过实验结果验证了数值模型的真实性后,将数值模型扩展到不同层数的RC框架中。用于数值建模的简化微观建模方法。结果表明,增加两层以上的层数将减少砌体填充墙对钢筋混凝土框架横向性能的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of uniformity on zinc-coated (galvanised) steel pipes applied to natural gas installations in civil construction 民用建筑天然气装置用镀锌钢管的均匀性评价
IF 1.3 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.1080/14488353.2021.2002523
F. Mainier, Rodolfo Gomes Shamá Dos Santos, R. J. Mainier
ABSTRACT Some natural gas distributors for residential and commercial buildings in Brazil use galvanised steel tubes and fittings manufactured by the hot-dip zinc process that is supported by the specifications contained in the Brazilian Standards. Zinc coating is one of the most widely used methods to provide protection against corrosion. It is therefore essential that national and international tube manufacturers and installation and maintenance companies in civil construction also meet the defined national and international standards, especially when the tubes and fittings are used for natural gas in residential buildings. Descriptions, characterisations, and comparisons are made by the Copper Sulphate Solution test of the zinc coating (g/m2), and defects can occur in the zinc layer using metallographic analysis. Considering that the Copper Sulphate Solution test not only evaluates the uniformity but also assesses the porosity of the coating on galvanised steel elements, some pipes available in the Brazilian market do not comply with the standards. At least 70% of the test specimens were rejected by the Brazilian standards.
摘要:巴西一些住宅和商业建筑的天然气分配器使用的镀锌钢管和配件是通过热浸镀锌工艺制造的,该工艺得到了巴西标准规范的支持。锌涂层是最广泛使用的防腐方法之一。因此,国家和国际管道制造商以及民用建筑中的安装和维护公司也必须符合规定的国家和国际标准,尤其是当管道和配件用于住宅中的天然气时。通过锌涂层的硫酸铜溶液测试(g/m2)进行描述、表征和比较,并使用金相分析在锌层中可能出现缺陷。考虑到硫酸铜溶液测试不仅评估均匀性,还评估镀锌钢构件涂层的孔隙率,巴西市场上的一些管道不符合标准。巴西标准至少拒绝了70%的试样。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Australian Journal of Civil Engineering
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