Pub Date : 2024-04-19DOI: 10.58414/scientifictemper.2024.15.1.50
Suresh L. Chitragar
The present paper attempts to analyze the spatial patterns of agricultural productivity and assess regional disparities in the levels of agricultural development in the Malaprabha river basin, Karnataka state. The Malaprabha river basin is one of the natural regions, with agriculture being the lifeline activity of the inhabitants of the basin. However, surprisingly, the region experiences greater regional disparities in overall development in general and agricultural development in particular. Regional disparities in the river basin may be natural due to unequal distribution of natural resources or man-made in the sense of neglect of some regions and preferences for others for investment and infrastructural facilities, and to some extent, the developmental policies of the region. The present study has utilized the published sources of data and reports collected from the Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Govt. of Karnataka, the Directorate of Census Operations in Karnataka, Govt. of India, Bangalore, and other related statistical records at taluka level at two points in time, i.e., 1993–94 and 2013–14. Though the study area is a natural region, the taluka has been taken as the smallest unit of study. The findings suggest that significant disparities have extensively affected the various aspects of agricultural development in the talukas of the river basin. The areas with a low level of development should be given top priority so that they may come up at par with the developed areas and the concept of planning with social justice may be fulfilled.
{"title":"Measurement of agricultural productivity and levels of development in the Malaprabha river basin, Karnataka, India","authors":"Suresh L. Chitragar","doi":"10.58414/scientifictemper.2024.15.1.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58414/scientifictemper.2024.15.1.50","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper attempts to analyze the spatial patterns of agricultural productivity and assess regional disparities in the levels of agricultural development in the Malaprabha river basin, Karnataka state. The Malaprabha river basin is one of the natural regions, with agriculture being the lifeline activity of the inhabitants of the basin. However, surprisingly, the region experiences greater regional disparities in overall development in general and agricultural development in particular. Regional disparities in the river basin may be natural due to unequal distribution of natural resources or man-made in the sense of neglect of some regions and preferences for others for investment and infrastructural facilities, and to some extent, the developmental policies of the region. The present study has utilized the published sources of data and reports collected from the Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Govt. of Karnataka, the Directorate of Census Operations in Karnataka, Govt. of India, Bangalore, and other related statistical records at taluka level at two points in time, i.e., 1993–94 and 2013–14. Though the study area is a natural region, the taluka has been taken as the smallest unit of study. The findings suggest that significant disparities have extensively affected the various aspects of agricultural development in the talukas of the river basin. The areas with a low level of development should be given top priority so that they may come up at par with the developed areas and the concept of planning with social justice may be fulfilled.","PeriodicalId":443629,"journal":{"name":"THE SCIENTIFIC TEMPER","volume":" 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140685782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-11DOI: 10.58414/scientifictemper.2024.15.1.49
Ajay Kumar, S. Arya, N. Yadav, M. Sawariya, Naveen Kumar, H. Mehra, Sunil Kumar
Phytoextraction is an economically viable and environmentally sustainable method for approaching heavy metal-polluted soils. Pollen grains are notably more susceptible to pollutants compared to other parts of the plant. However, in polluted environments, certain metals like lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) may have limited bioavailability, posing significant challenges to the phytoextraction process. One way to overcome this limitation is by employing chelators. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design to investigate the effects of two chelators, EDTA and salicylic acid (SA), in enhancing the plant water status, biochemicals and reproductive parameters of Brassica juncea seedlings. These seedlings were sown in pots and subjected to various treatments of Cd and Pb of concentrations 10 and 20 mM, either alone or in combination with 0.5 mM EDTA and SA. The toxicity induced by Pb and Cd in B. juncea was recorded through decreased levels of osmotic potential in leaves and roots and decreased leaf chlorophyll content. Additionally, various reproductive parameters, including pollen viability, pollen germination, and in-vitro pollen germination, were highly affected by stress. Conversely, the supplementation of EDTA and SA to Cd, and Pb-treated plants effectively mitigated the negative impact of heavy metal stress by increasing osmotic potential, chlorophyll content, and reproductive parameters. Notably, EDTA and SA also significantly increased Pb and Cd accumulation. The result demonstrates the potential of EDTA and SA in improving plant reproductive biology.
植物萃取是处理重金属污染土壤的一种经济可行且环境可持续的方法。与植物的其他部分相比，花粉粒显然更容易受到污染物的影响。然而，在污染环境中，某些金属如铅（Pb）和镉（Cd）的生物利用率可能有限，这给植物萃取过程带来了巨大挑战。克服这一限制的方法之一是使用螯合剂。本实验采用随机区组设计，研究乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）和水杨酸（SA）这两种螯合剂对改善甘蓝幼苗的植物水分状况、生化指标和生殖参数的影响。这些秧苗被播种在花盆中，并接受浓度为 10 mM 和 20 mM 的镉和铅的各种处理，可以单独使用，也可以与 0.5 mM 的乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）和水杨酸（SA）一起使用。根据记录，铅和镉对君子兰的毒性表现为叶片和根部的渗透势水平下降，叶片叶绿素含量减少。此外，各种生殖参数，包括花粉活力、花粉发芽率和体外花粉发芽率也受到胁迫的严重影响。相反，给镉和铅处理的植物补充乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）和南美蔗糖（SA）可提高渗透势、叶绿素含量和生殖参数，从而有效减轻重金属胁迫的负面影响。值得注意的是，EDTA 和 SA 还能显著增加铅和镉的积累。这一结果证明了乙二胺四乙酸和南联盟在改善植物生殖生物学方面的潜力。
{"title":"Assessing the role of EDTA and SA in mustard under Cd and Pb stress","authors":"Ajay Kumar, S. Arya, N. Yadav, M. Sawariya, Naveen Kumar, H. Mehra, Sunil Kumar","doi":"10.58414/scientifictemper.2024.15.1.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58414/scientifictemper.2024.15.1.49","url":null,"abstract":"Phytoextraction is an economically viable and environmentally sustainable method for approaching heavy metal-polluted soils. Pollen grains are notably more susceptible to pollutants compared to other parts of the plant. However, in polluted environments, certain metals like lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) may have limited bioavailability, posing significant challenges to the phytoextraction process. One way to overcome this limitation is by employing chelators. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design to investigate the effects of two chelators, EDTA and salicylic acid (SA), in enhancing the plant water status, biochemicals and reproductive parameters of Brassica juncea seedlings. These seedlings were sown in pots and subjected to various treatments of Cd and Pb of concentrations 10 and 20 mM, either alone or in combination with 0.5 mM EDTA and SA. The toxicity induced by Pb and Cd in B. juncea was recorded through decreased levels of osmotic potential in leaves and roots and decreased leaf chlorophyll content. Additionally, various reproductive parameters, including pollen viability, pollen germination, and in-vitro pollen germination, were highly affected by stress. Conversely, the supplementation of EDTA and SA to Cd, and Pb-treated plants effectively mitigated the negative impact of heavy metal stress by increasing osmotic potential, chlorophyll content, and reproductive parameters. Notably, EDTA and SA also significantly increased Pb and Cd accumulation. The result demonstrates the potential of EDTA and SA in improving plant reproductive biology.","PeriodicalId":443629,"journal":{"name":"THE SCIENTIFIC TEMPER","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140715114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.58414/scientifictemper.2024.15.1.01
Firdaus Benazir, R. Mohanka, S. Rehan, Rehan Ahmad
Background: Fungi and oomycetes continue to be the primary source of plant diseases, which cause major crop loss factors in agriculture. Trichoderma is a genus of ascomycete fungus that lives in soil and is known for its ecological significance as a bio-fungicide. Aim: The current study aimed to assess and contrast the antagonism and exoenzyme activity of Trichoderma isolates against Pythium sp., which causes damping-off and root rot diseases on tomato plants. Trichoderma spp. was isolated from rhizospheric soil of healthy plants in the agricultural fields of Patna, Bihar district, India. Methodology: The Trichoderma isolates were evaluated for their suitability as antagonists by in vitro dual culture and non-volatile assay. Results: The results showed that the isolated Trichoderma species were effectively reduced the growth of Pythium sp. in the dual culture assay and non-volatile metabolites (12.5%, 25% and 50% v/v concentration) assay. Trichoderma atrobrunneum effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of Pythium sp. both in the dual culture (81.48%) and non-volatile metabolite assay (71.37%). Followed by Trichoderma harzianum (79.01% and 58.82%), and Trichoderma asperellum (65.43% and 50.58%) respectively. Exoenzyme activities of the Trichoderma isolates were also investigated. The antagonistic Trichoderma atrobrunneum exhibited maximum activities of β-1,3-glucanase (41.39 U/ml) and chitinase (33.06 U/ml) in comparison to T. harzianum and T. asperellum. The capacity of antagonism is enhanced by the production of the enzyme. Based on the above results, it can be said that the non-volatile metabolites and the exoenzyme of the antagonist T. species act synergistically in inhibiting Pythium growth. Conclusion: The secretion of enzymes by Trichoderma species shows that they can be used in plant disease control as novel biocontrol agents as well as to produce enzymes in biotechnological processes.
{"title":"Trichoderma atrobrunneum: In vitro analysis of exoenzyme activity and antagonistic potential against plant pathogen from agricultural fields in the Patna region, India","authors":"Firdaus Benazir, R. Mohanka, S. Rehan, Rehan Ahmad","doi":"10.58414/scientifictemper.2024.15.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58414/scientifictemper.2024.15.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fungi and oomycetes continue to be the primary source of plant diseases, which cause major crop loss factors in agriculture. Trichoderma is a genus of ascomycete fungus that lives in soil and is known for its ecological significance as a bio-fungicide.\u0000Aim: The current study aimed to assess and contrast the antagonism and exoenzyme activity of Trichoderma isolates against Pythium sp., which causes damping-off and root rot diseases on tomato plants. Trichoderma spp. was isolated from rhizospheric soil of healthy plants in the agricultural fields of Patna, Bihar district, India.\u0000Methodology: The Trichoderma isolates were evaluated for their suitability as antagonists by in vitro dual culture and non-volatile assay.\u0000Results: The results showed that the isolated Trichoderma species were effectively reduced the growth of Pythium sp. in the dual culture assay and non-volatile metabolites (12.5%, 25% and 50% v/v concentration) assay. Trichoderma atrobrunneum effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of Pythium sp. both in the dual culture (81.48%) and non-volatile metabolite assay (71.37%). Followed by Trichoderma harzianum (79.01% and 58.82%), and Trichoderma asperellum (65.43% and 50.58%) respectively. Exoenzyme activities of the Trichoderma isolates were also investigated. The antagonistic Trichoderma atrobrunneum exhibited maximum activities of β-1,3-glucanase (41.39 U/ml) and chitinase (33.06 U/ml) in comparison to T. harzianum and T. asperellum. The capacity of antagonism is enhanced by the production of the enzyme. Based on the above results, it can be said that the non-volatile metabolites and the exoenzyme of the antagonist T. species act synergistically in inhibiting Pythium growth.\u0000Conclusion: The secretion of enzymes by Trichoderma species shows that they can be used in plant disease control as novel biocontrol agents as well as to produce enzymes in biotechnological processes.","PeriodicalId":443629,"journal":{"name":"THE SCIENTIFIC TEMPER","volume":"80 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140747243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted in the Kuyu and Girar Jarso districts of north Shoa Zone Oromia regional state, Ethiopia, to generate information on the morphological and morphometric characterization of local chicken ecotypes. Multi-stage purposive random sampling technique was used to collect the data. Morph metric data were collected on body weight and other linear measurements and analyzed using the statistical analysis system’s generalized linear model (GLM) procedures. A total of 576 (192 male and 384 female) chickens were considered for qualitative and quantitative traits studies. The results showed that all indigenous chicken in the study area possesses normal feather morphology where, as 99.5% normal and 0.5% crest feather distribution were found. The dominant skin color was yellow, 59.2%, followed by white, 31.6%. With regard to shank color, the yellow color was the dominant (47.6%), followed by white (29.3%) and gray (16.7%). Red (13%), white (11.8%), and Kohima (11.1%) were the predominant plumage colors observed in the study area. The overall mean of body weight, chest circumference, wing span, body length, and shank length for males and females were 1.7 and1.2 kg, 28.7 and 27 cm, 40.4, 39.4, 37.5, 35.3, 8.4 and 8.2 cm respectively. In the present study, morphological and phenotypical variations have been observed among the indigenous chicken populations; hence, an in-depth molecular evaluation is needed to show the level of genetic variation and relationship among them.
{"title":"Morphological and morphometric features of indigenous chicken in North Shewa zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia","authors":"Desalu Tamirat, Tesfaye Getachew, Worku Masho, Zelalem Admasu","doi":"10.58414/scientifictemper.2023.14.30.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58414/scientifictemper.2023.14.30.07","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted in the Kuyu and Girar Jarso districts of north Shoa Zone Oromia regional state, Ethiopia, to generate information on the morphological and morphometric characterization of local chicken ecotypes. Multi-stage purposive random sampling technique was used to collect the data. Morph metric data were collected on body weight and other linear measurements and analyzed using the statistical analysis system’s generalized linear model (GLM) procedures. A total of 576 (192 male and 384 female) chickens were considered for qualitative and quantitative traits studies. The results showed that all indigenous chicken in the study area possesses normal feather morphology where, as 99.5% normal and 0.5% crest feather distribution were found. The dominant skin color was yellow, 59.2%, followed by white, 31.6%. With regard to shank color, the yellow color was the dominant (47.6%), followed by white (29.3%) and gray (16.7%). Red (13%), white (11.8%), and Kohima (11.1%) were the predominant plumage colors observed in the study area. The overall mean of body weight, chest circumference, wing span, body length, and shank length for males and females were 1.7 and1.2 kg, 28.7 and 27 cm, 40.4, 39.4, 37.5, 35.3, 8.4 and 8.2 cm respectively. In the present study, morphological and phenotypical variations have been observed among the indigenous chicken populations; hence, an in-depth molecular evaluation is needed to show the level of genetic variation and relationship among them.","PeriodicalId":443629,"journal":{"name":"THE SCIENTIFIC TEMPER","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139358265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as indispensable tools in the fight against the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov2) pandemic, finding extensive utilization in both diagnosis and therapeutics. Their ability to interact with the virus and host cells in diverse manners positions them as valuable assets for detecting, treating, and preventing COVID-19. In this comprehensive review, a detailed summary of the state-of-the-art NP-based diagnostic methods for COVID-19 has been presented, particularly important classes of gold nanoparticles (GNPs), magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), quantum dots, liposomes, silica nanoparticles (SNPs), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) delineating and their inherent strengths as well as limitations. Additionally, the challenges and opportunities that have been addressed lie ahead in pursuing future advancements and clinical translation of NP-based technologies for diagnosing COVID-19.
{"title":"Nanoparticles as illuminating allies: Advancing diagnostic frontiers in COVID-19- A review","authors":"Naveen Kumar, Renu, Suresh Kumar Gahlawat, Anil Kumar, Vikram Delu, Pooja, Shekhar Anand, Suresh Chandra Singh, Arbind Acharya","doi":"10.58414/scientifictemper.2023.14.3.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58414/scientifictemper.2023.14.3.56","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as indispensable tools in the fight against the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov2) pandemic, finding extensive utilization in both diagnosis and therapeutics. Their ability to interact with the virus and host cells in diverse manners positions them as valuable assets for detecting, treating, and preventing COVID-19. In this comprehensive review, a detailed summary of the state-of-the-art NP-based diagnostic methods for COVID-19 has been presented, particularly important classes of gold nanoparticles (GNPs), magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), quantum dots, liposomes, silica nanoparticles (SNPs), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) delineating and their inherent strengths as well as limitations. Additionally, the challenges and opportunities that have been addressed lie ahead in pursuing future advancements and clinical translation of NP-based technologies for diagnosing COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":443629,"journal":{"name":"THE SCIENTIFIC TEMPER","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139357914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as promising tools for treating and diagnosing various diseases, including cancer, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and immune-related diseases. Multiple reviews have been published compiling the effects of NPs on different illnesses. However, a few reviews are available regarding the impact of NPs on liquid tumors. Therefore, this review aims to advance knowledge in this direction by drawing conclusions from research on Dalton’s lymphoma (DL), a type of T-cell lymphoma, for the therapeutic implication for liquid tumors. NPs synthesized from both metals (such as silver, gold, copper, and zinc) and nonmetals (such as silica, selenium, polymer, and lipid-based) have been tested for their anticancer efficacy against DL. These NPs reduce the viability of DL cells in a dose-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis. In mice, NPs increase the lifespan, reduce tumor growth, and restore the normal physiology and structure of organs such as the liver, spleen, and kidney. NPs synthesized from plant sources or through some chemical compounds proved effective in reducing the cytotoxicity of NPs. This review will provide basic information on DL and discuss the various types of NPs used against it, their significance for therapeutics of T-cell lymphoma or liquid tumors and conclude with some major findings that can guide future research in this field. By synthesizing the latest research on NPs and DL, this review will serve as a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians alike in their efforts to combat liquid tumors.
{"title":"Exploring the therapeutic implications of nanoparticles for liquid tumors: A comprehensive review with special emphasis on green synthesis techniques in the context of Dalton’s lymphoma","authors":"Naveen Kumar, Vikram Delu, Tarsem Nain, Anil Kumar, Pooja, Arbind Acharya","doi":"10.58414/scientifictemper.2023.14.3.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58414/scientifictemper.2023.14.3.55","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as promising tools for treating and diagnosing various diseases, including cancer, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and immune-related diseases. Multiple reviews have been published compiling the effects of NPs on different illnesses. However, a few reviews are available regarding the impact of NPs on liquid tumors. Therefore, this review aims to advance knowledge in this direction by drawing conclusions from research on Dalton’s lymphoma (DL), a type of T-cell lymphoma, for the therapeutic implication for liquid tumors. NPs synthesized from both metals (such as silver, gold, copper, and zinc) and nonmetals (such as silica, selenium, polymer, and lipid-based) have been tested for their anticancer efficacy against DL. These NPs reduce the viability of DL cells in a dose-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis. In mice, NPs increase the lifespan, reduce tumor growth, and restore the normal physiology and structure of organs such as the liver, spleen, and kidney. NPs synthesized from plant sources or through some chemical compounds proved effective in reducing the cytotoxicity of NPs. This review will provide basic information on DL and discuss the various types of NPs used against it, their significance for therapeutics of T-cell lymphoma or liquid tumors and conclude with some major findings that can guide future research in this field. By synthesizing the latest research on NPs and DL, this review will serve as a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians alike in their efforts to combat liquid tumors.","PeriodicalId":443629,"journal":{"name":"THE SCIENTIFIC TEMPER","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139357856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The common bean is one of Ethiopia's most economically important legumes. However, its national average yield remains lower than the potential yield obtained at research stations. This is because of low soil fertility, inappropriate plant spacing, disease and insect pest problems. As a result, this experiment was carried out during the 2021 to investigate the impact of blended NPS fertilizer rates and spacing between crops on the growth and yield of common bean and to analyze the economic feasibility of blended NPS rates with common bean spacing. A four-factorial combination of mixed NPS levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1) and three row spacing (30, 40, and 50 cm) were used in a three-replicate randomized complete block design. After collecting plant phenology, growth, yield, and yield attribute parameters were analyzed by using SAS version 9.3 software. The results revealed significant differences for the main effect of the NPS blended fertilizer, row spacings, and their interaction on most of the measured phenological, growth, yield, and yield attributes of the common bean, however, neither the main effect nor the interaction effects affected seedling emergence. The combined use of 150 kg of mixed NPS ha-1 with a row spacing of 40 cm resulted in a higher grain yield (2.5 t ha-1) and maximum net benefit (41775 ETB ha-1). Hence, it can be established that earlier mentioned NPS fertilizer rate and row spacing isa better choice for farmers in the area and similar agro-ecologies in order to achieve the highest possible grain yield and a higher net return.
普通豆是埃塞俄比亚最重要的经济豆类之一。然而，其全国平均产量仍低于研究站获得的潜在产量。这是由于土壤肥力低、种植间距不适当、病虫害问题。因此，本试验于2021年开展，旨在研究混合NPS施肥量和作物间距对普通豆生长和产量的影响，并分析混合NPS施肥量与普通豆间距的经济可行性。采用三重复随机完全区组设计，采用混合NPS水平(0、50、100和150 kg ha-1)和三行距(30、40和50 cm)的四因子组合。采集植物物候资料后，利用SAS 9.3版软件对生长、产量及产量属性参数进行分析。结果表明，NPS混肥、行距及其互作对普通豆物候、生长、产量和产量性状的主效应差异显著，但主效应和互作效应均不影响出苗。150kg混合NPS ha-1与40cm行距组合施用，籽粒产量最高(2.5 t ha-1)，净效益最高(41775 ETB ha-1)。因此，可以确定，上述NPS施肥量和行距对于该地区和类似农业生态的农民来说是更好的选择，以实现最高的粮食产量和更高的净收益。
{"title":"Yield and economics of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as affected by blended NPS fertilizer rates and inter row spacing at maenitgoldia, Southwest Ethiopia","authors":"Isreal Zewide, Tamiru Boni, Wondwosen Wondimu, Kibinesh Adimasu","doi":"10.58414/scientifictemper.2023.14.2.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58414/scientifictemper.2023.14.2.36","url":null,"abstract":"The common bean is one of Ethiopia's most economically important legumes. However, its national average yield remains lower than the potential yield obtained at research stations. This is because of low soil fertility, inappropriate plant spacing, disease and insect pest problems. As a result, this experiment was carried out during the 2021 to investigate the impact of blended NPS fertilizer rates and spacing between crops on the growth and yield of common bean and to analyze the economic feasibility of blended NPS rates with common bean spacing. A four-factorial combination of mixed NPS levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1) and three row spacing (30, 40, and 50 cm) were used in a three-replicate randomized complete block design. After collecting plant phenology, growth, yield, and yield attribute parameters were analyzed by using SAS version 9.3 software. The results revealed significant differences for the main effect of the NPS blended fertilizer, row spacings, and their interaction on most of the measured phenological, growth, yield, and yield attributes of the common bean, however, neither the main effect nor the interaction effects affected seedling emergence. The combined use of 150 kg of mixed NPS ha-1 with a row spacing of 40 cm resulted in a higher grain yield (2.5 t ha-1) and maximum net benefit (41775 ETB ha-1). Hence, it can be established that earlier mentioned NPS fertilizer rate and row spacing isa better choice for farmers in the area and similar agro-ecologies in order to achieve the highest possible grain yield and a higher net return.","PeriodicalId":443629,"journal":{"name":"THE SCIENTIFIC TEMPER","volume":"272 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134088817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.58414/scientifictemper.2023.14.2.03
Avdhesh Kumar, M. Agarwal
Direct investment by a foreign entity into a domestic company is known as a foreign direct investment (FDI). In this way, the concept of direct control sets this type of investment apart from foreign portfolio investment. The current study aims to find various challenges and policies regarding foreign direct investment in India. And its proposition in the development of the Automobile industry of India. For this specific purpose, “primary and secondary data collection methods” were used to find the appropriate data to analyze. A total of 110 people from the automobile industry manufacturers were taken using a random sampling method. India is taken as the study area. Using a quantitative study (questionnaire) with a descriptive method, all the data was analyzed using a regression model with the help of tools like Excel and SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). The result from the analyzed data indicates a significant impact of FDI on “India’s Development of the Automobile Industry.” There is a significant impact of Government policies on FDI in India. There is a significant impact of FDI and Government policies on the Development of the Automobile Industry in India.
外国实体对国内公司的直接投资被称为外国直接投资(FDI)。通过这种方式，直接控制的概念将这种类型的投资与外国证券投资区分开来。目前的研究旨在找到有关印度外国直接投资的各种挑战和政策。及其在印度汽车工业发展中的定位。为此，我们采用了“一手和二手数据收集方法”来寻找合适的数据进行分析。采用随机抽样的方法，从汽车工业制造企业中抽取110人。以印度为研究区域。采用描述性的定量研究(问卷调查)方法，利用Excel和SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences)等工具对所有数据进行回归模型分析。分析数据的结果表明，FDI对“印度汽车工业发展”的影响显著。印度政府的政策对外国直接投资有重大影响。外国直接投资和政府政策对印度汽车工业的发展有重大影响。
{"title":"Studies on challenges and opportunities for foreign direct investment in the automobile industry in India","authors":"Avdhesh Kumar, M. Agarwal","doi":"10.58414/scientifictemper.2023.14.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58414/scientifictemper.2023.14.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"Direct investment by a foreign entity into a domestic company is known as a foreign direct investment (FDI). In this way, the concept of direct control sets this type of investment apart from foreign portfolio investment. The current study aims to find various challenges and policies regarding foreign direct investment in India. And its proposition in the development of the Automobile industry of India. For this specific purpose, “primary and secondary data collection methods” were used to find the appropriate data to analyze. A total of 110 people from the automobile industry manufacturers were taken using a random sampling method. India is taken as the study area. Using a quantitative study (questionnaire) with a descriptive method, all the data was analyzed using a regression model with the help of tools like Excel and SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). The result from the analyzed data indicates a significant impact of FDI on “India’s Development of the Automobile Industry.” There is a significant impact of Government policies on FDI in India. There is a significant impact of FDI and Government policies on the Development of the Automobile Industry in India.","PeriodicalId":443629,"journal":{"name":"THE SCIENTIFIC TEMPER","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122343652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.58414/scientifictemper.2023.14.2.05
Mahima Srivastava
Response of low – carbon steel in hydrochloric acid was studied for various parameters with the use of leaves of white pigweed as inhibitor. The inorganic mineral acid was applied in paste state and conventional weight loss techniques were employed for the study of various chemical aspects. The results reveal that low – carbon steel corrodes extensively in acid in the absence of inhibitor and is protected in the presence of inhibitor at different concentrations. Also, different time intervals and various temperatures for different concentrations of acids in paste form were considered for best output. For comparison, data of rust dissolution in liquid state has also been furnished. The inhibitor showed good potential in protection of low – carbon steel.
{"title":"Chemical facets of environment-friendly corrosion impediment of low-carbon steel in aqueous solutions of inorganic mineral acid","authors":"Mahima Srivastava","doi":"10.58414/scientifictemper.2023.14.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58414/scientifictemper.2023.14.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"Response of low – carbon steel in hydrochloric acid was studied for various parameters with the use of leaves of white pigweed as inhibitor. The inorganic mineral acid was applied in paste state and conventional weight loss techniques were employed for the study of various chemical aspects. The results reveal that low – carbon steel corrodes extensively in acid in the absence of inhibitor and is protected in the presence of inhibitor at different concentrations. Also, different time intervals and various temperatures for different concentrations of acids in paste form were considered for best output. For comparison, data of rust dissolution in liquid state has also been furnished. The inhibitor showed good potential in protection of low – carbon steel. ","PeriodicalId":443629,"journal":{"name":"THE SCIENTIFIC TEMPER","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128445519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.58414/scientifictemper.2023.14.2.10
D. Jayaprasanth, J. Arul Melissa
Rapid growth in the industries need an effective predictive maintenance policy. Failure in the equipment decreases the production rate and thereby, causing a loss to the industry. The equipment especially, the actuator is operated continuously in the industries in order to achieve the desired production rate. Actuator is the key element which undergoes degradation due to frequent control actions. However, degradation is mainly influenced by different operating conditions and other environmental factors. This decreases the lifetime of the equipment and also it increases the maintenance cost. This problem is addressed by carrying out the reliability studies on the actuator by using Gamma process. It is used to describe the system degradation. In this work, Gamma process based actuator modelling is used to study the deterioration in the actuator. The gamma parameters such as shape and scale parameters are the deciding factors describing the level of degradation in the system. It is then applied to two tank feedback control system. Extended version of Kalman filter estimates the state of noisy measurements which describes the fault trend characteristics in the system. Finally, the evolution of actuator capacity in presence of fault is analyzed and simulated in MATLAB environment.
{"title":"Extended Kalman filter-based prognostic of actuator degradation in two tank system","authors":"D. Jayaprasanth, J. Arul Melissa","doi":"10.58414/scientifictemper.2023.14.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58414/scientifictemper.2023.14.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid growth in the industries need an effective predictive maintenance policy. Failure in the equipment decreases the production rate and thereby, causing a loss to the industry. The equipment especially, the actuator is operated continuously in the industries in order to achieve the desired production rate. Actuator is the key element which undergoes degradation due to frequent control actions. However, degradation is mainly influenced by different operating conditions and other environmental factors. This decreases the lifetime of the equipment and also it increases the maintenance cost. This problem is addressed by carrying out the reliability studies on the actuator by using Gamma process. It is used to describe the system degradation.\u0000In this work, Gamma process based actuator modelling is used to study the deterioration in the actuator. The gamma parameters such as shape and scale parameters are the deciding factors describing the level of degradation in the system. It is then applied to two tank feedback control system. Extended version of Kalman filter estimates the state of noisy measurements which describes the fault trend characteristics in the system. Finally, the evolution of actuator capacity in presence of fault is analyzed and simulated in MATLAB environment.","PeriodicalId":443629,"journal":{"name":"THE SCIENTIFIC TEMPER","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114906389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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