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Mediatised “Statist Neoliberalism” in Kenya during the Time of Covid-19: The Case of the Standard 新冠疫情期间肯尼亚中介化的“中央集权新自由主义”:以标准为例
IF 0.8 Q4 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/02500167.2022.2045332
David Katiambo, F. Ochoti
Abstract The Covid-19 (acronym for the coronavirus disease of 2019) pandemic negatively affected the world economy akin to the global financial crisis of 2008, leading to the revival of the debate about neoliberal rationalities. Although many nations attempted to contain the pandemic through a public goods approach, the authors argue that these state interventions concealed neoliberalism by advancing its governmentalities. Further, they use Norman Fairclough's (1992) interdiscursivity to describe how in Kenya, The Standard newspaper's coverage of the government interventions was dialogical, euphemising neoliberalism through content that seemed to advocate state welfarism while advocating for the free market at the same time. The interdiscursive analysis was enriched by using Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe's (1985) concept of chains of equivalence and difference to explain the power relations behind the euphemisation of neoliberalism. The authors also argue that the invisible free-market mechanism becomes hegemonic when it takes over populist demands through the transformation of the chains of difference – the antagonism against neoliberalism – into chains of equivalence, the points of similarity between neoliberalism and people's welfare demands. For the current study, the authors selected articles on Covid-19 that appeared in the Standard, chiefly those written on policy issues and published during the early period of the pandemic. Two regular themes were analysed to illustrate the euphemisation of neoliberalism, namely, corruption watchdogism and unemployment narratives. The authors use interdiscursivity to illustrate how these two themes euphemise neoliberalism.
Covid-19(2019冠状病毒病的缩写)大流行对世界经济的负面影响类似于2008年的全球金融危机,导致关于新自由主义理性的辩论重新抬头。尽管许多国家试图通过公共产品的方法来控制疫情,但作者认为,这些国家干预通过推进政府管理来掩盖新自由主义。此外,他们使用Norman Fairclough(1992)的话语间性来描述在肯尼亚,《标准报》对政府干预的报道是如何对话的,通过看似提倡国家福利主义的内容委婉地表达新自由主义,同时又倡导自由市场。利用Ernesto Laclau和Chantal Mouffe(1985)的对等和差异链概念来解释新自由主义委婉语背后的权力关系,丰富了话语间分析。作者还认为,当无形的自由市场机制通过将差异链(对新自由主义的对抗)转化为等同链(新自由主义与人民福利需求之间的相似点)而接管民粹主义需求时,它就成为了霸权。在本研究中,作者选择了发表在《标准报》上的关于Covid-19的文章,主要是在大流行早期就政策问题撰写并发表的文章。本文分析了两个常见的主题,以说明新自由主义的委婉说法,即腐败监管主义和失业叙事。作者使用话语间性来说明这两个主题是如何委婉地表达新自由主义的。
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引用次数: 1
Strategic Communication on Air Quality Improvement Plan in the Emalahleni Local Municipality 关于Emalahleni地方政府空气质量改善计划的战略沟通
IF 0.8 Q4 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/02500167.2022.2143836
Constance U. Nnachi, Queen M. Munyai
Abstract Air quality in the Emalahleni area was found to be non-compliant with the South African national ambient air quality standards in terms of the National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act (39 of 2004). This study aimed to explore the communication strategy that the Emalahleni Local Municipality (ELM) is using to raise community awareness of air quality improvement. A mixed-methods approach was followed; interviews were conducted with officials in the ELM and, in the second phase, questionnaires were administered to community members. The results from the qualitative data were confirmed using those obtained by the quantitative method. The survey questionnaires investigated the communication strategies and channels used to raise awareness of air quality improvement. An analysis of the responses showed a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.93, indicating acceptable internal consistency and reliability of the variables measured. The results showed that ELM community members are aware of the air quality improvement programme, how to maintain air quality, and the channels used to disseminate information. Although the dissemination of information on air quality is successful in the ELM, the approaches used were not strategic enough to encourage residents to improve air quality. This article suggests that an evaluation of the strategic communication interventions is required to properly ascertain the communication intervention outcomes.
摘要:根据《国家环境管理:空气质量法》(2004年第39号),Emalahleni地区的空气质量不符合南非国家环境空气质量标准。本研究旨在探讨Emalahleni地方市政当局(ELM)用于提高社区对空气质量改善的认识的沟通策略。采用了混合方法;对民族解放运动的官员进行了访谈,在第二阶段,对社区成员进行了问卷调查。定性数据的结果用定量方法得到的结果加以证实。调查问卷调查了用于提高空气质量改善意识的沟通策略和渠道。对反应的分析显示,Cronbachα为0.93,表明所测变量的内部一致性和可靠性可接受。结果表明,ELM社区成员了解空气质量改善计划、如何保持空气质量以及用于传播信息的渠道。尽管ELM成功地传播了空气质量信息,但所使用的方法不够战略性,无法鼓励居民改善空气质量。本文建议,需要对战略沟通干预进行评估,以正确确定沟通干预的结果。
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引用次数: 0
An Exploration of the Models of Public Relations: A Study of the Financial Services Sector of Ghana 公共关系模式探索——以加纳金融服务业为例
IF 0.8 Q4 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/02500167.2022.2091629
Albert A. Anani-Bossman
Abstract The current study explores models of public relations (PR) that inform PR practice in Ghana. The paucity of knowledge and understanding about PR practice in Ghana means that Ghana, and Africa in general, cannot fully contribute to the development of global theory of PR practice. The research was conducted by means of a literature review of PR models and empirical verification through face-to-face-interviews. Qualitative methodology was used to gather data from twenty-two communication practitioners from the financial services sector in Ghana. The results demonstrate that PR in Ghana is dominated by the two-way asymmetrical model and the personal influence model. The study provides insight into the models that inform PR practice in Ghana and demonstrates the need for PR scholars and practitioners in Ghana, and Africa in particular, to work together to develop models that reflect the nature of PR practice on the continent.
摘要本研究探讨了加纳公共关系实践的公共关系模式。加纳缺乏对公共关系实践的知识和理解,这意味着加纳和整个非洲无法为公共关系实践全球理论的发展做出充分贡献。该研究通过对公关模型的文献综述和面对面访谈的实证验证进行。定性方法用于收集加纳金融服务部门22名通信从业人员的数据。研究结果表明,加纳的公关以双向不对称模型和个人影响力模型为主。该研究深入了解了加纳公共关系实践的模式,并表明加纳,特别是非洲的公共关系学者和从业者需要共同开发反映非洲大陆公共关系实践性质的模式。
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引用次数: 1
The Functions of Pornography in South Africa: A Mixed Research Study of What Remains Unsaid about Explicit Media 色情在南非的功能:一项关于露骨媒体未言之事的混合研究
IF 0.8 Q4 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/02500167.2022.2113111
Yolo Siyabonga Koba
Abstract It has been more than 32 years since Communicatio published “The Functions of Pornography in Society: A Survey of Some Alternative Intellectual Views”, a 1989 article by Stefan Sonderling that explored various ideological viewpoints and social roles of pornography. Despite the article’s suggestive title, it presents no actual survey data of porn functions by consumers. South Africa has repeatedly appeared amongst the top 20 porn consumer countries in the world, yet no academic publication has explored the quantitative dimension of South African porn use. Statistical data provided by websites such as Pornhub remains site-specific, insular, and devoid of experiential accounts by users. This article presents mixed-methods research data collected in 2017 as part of my doctoral study at the University of the Witwatersrand. The national study utilised a large anonymous survey (Phase 1) and a smaller number of in-depth interviews (Phase 2). This led to the collection of 676 completed survey responses and the recruitment of 25 interview respondents. The data shows that porn consumption pleasure possesses spatio-temporal specificities and that location and time are integral to enjoying porn. Porn is able to be a masturbation aid, a stress remedy, a sleep sedative, and an energy stimulant, arguably because it emulates the corporeal effects of sex. Lastly, this study reveals that the majority of porn consumers, including those in relationships, prefer to watch porn alone, away from the purview of their romantic partners.
摘要《交际》杂志1989年发表了斯特凡·桑德林的一篇文章《色情在社会中的作用:对一些另类知识分子观点的调查》,探讨了色情的各种意识形态观点和社会作用,至今已有32多年的历史。尽管这篇文章的标题很有启发性,但它并没有提供消费者对色情功能的实际调查数据。南非多次跻身世界前20大色情消费国之列,但没有任何学术出版物探讨南非色情使用的数量维度。Pornhub等网站提供的统计数据仍然是特定地点的、孤立的,并且没有用户的体验账户。本文介绍了2017年收集的混合方法研究数据,这是我在威特沃特斯兰德大学博士研究的一部分。这项全国性研究采用了大型匿名调查(第一阶段)和少量深入访谈(第二阶段)。这导致收集了676份已完成的调查回复,并招募了25名面试受访者。数据表明,色情消费快感具有时空特征,地点和时间是欣赏色情不可或缺的因素。色情可以作为手淫辅助、压力治疗、睡眠镇静剂和能量兴奋剂,可以说是因为它模仿了性的身体影响。最后,这项研究表明,大多数色情消费者,包括那些处于恋爱关系中的人,更喜欢独自观看色情片,远离他们的浪漫伴侣。
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引用次数: 1
Giving a Dog a Bad Name: The Strategic Use of Labelling in Contemporary Nigerian Political Discourse 给狗一个坏名声:标签在当代尼日利亚政治话语中的战略使用
IF 0.8 Q4 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/02500167.2022.2091628
Eyo O. Mensah, Samson Nzuanke, Theophilus Adejumo
Abstract In Nigeria, political actors, especially those in the ruling and opposition political parties, utilise labelling as a rhetorical strategy to characterise each other in negative and face-threatening ways and achieve positive self-presentation before the public. The aim of this article is to contribute to existing literature on political communication through an investigation of labelling as a discursive political strategy and a mechanism for understanding Nigeria’s sociopolitical dynamics. We adopt Culpeper’s theory of impoliteness to foreground labelling as a relationship of power which is an aggravating facework rooted in interactional behaviour. Data for this study were purposively sampled from online newspaper articles which were published between 2015 and 2020. We conclude that Nigerian politicians use labelling as a face-saving strategy to showcase themselves to their best advantage and to discredit or attack their opponents. Therefore, while labelling may create positive or negative emotional reactions, it can also serve as a face-threatening act or a face-maintaining act, articulating opposing ideologies aimed to deceive, gain advantage, or simplify politics.
在尼日利亚,政治演员,特别是那些在执政和反对派政党,利用标签作为一种修辞策略,以消极和面对威胁的方式来描述对方,并在公众面前实现积极的自我呈现。本文的目的是通过对标签作为话语政治策略和理解尼日利亚社会政治动态的机制的调查,为现有的政治传播文献做出贡献。我们采用Culpeper的不礼貌理论来强调标签是一种权力关系,这是一种根植于互动行为的令人恼怒的表面现象。本研究的数据有目的地从2015年至2020年期间发表的在线报纸文章中取样。我们得出的结论是,尼日利亚政客利用标签作为一种保全颜面的策略,以最大程度地展示自己,并诋毁或攻击对手。因此,虽然标签可能会产生积极或消极的情绪反应,但它也可以作为一种威胁面子的行为或维护面子的行为,阐明旨在欺骗、获取优势或简化政治的对立意识形态。
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引用次数: 1
“A Face Like This Is Hard to Beat”: Negotiating Lilith in the Postfeminist Media Economy “这样的脸很难被打败”:在后女权主义媒体经济中与莉莉丝谈判
IF 0.8 Q4 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/02500167.2022.2086893
C. Tink, Jenni Lauwrens
Abstract From mythology, history, and religion to contemporary popular culture, Lilith has been represented in a variety of ways. As either an avenging vampire or a seductive temptress, or a fascinating combination of both, she has been understood as both an object of a patriarchal view of women and a liberated and liberating feminist icon. The meanings that are ascribed to Lilith are thoroughly interwoven with contemporary feminist discourse. We argue that it is precisely within the postfeminist media economy that the meanings and functions of various tropes of femininity are destabilised and renegotiated. In this article, we limit our focus to the appearance of Lilith in two recent television series, namely The Chilling Adventures of Sabrina (2018–) and Shadowhunters (2016–2019). Our aim is to highlight the ways in which the Liliths represented in each series negotiate one specific trope of femininity used in popular culture, namely the femme fatale. We show that whilst these manifestations of Lilith as postfeminist femme fatale may open up potentialities for feminist resistance, they are simultaneously trapped in an oppressive system of representation that constructs women as passive objects of heteronormative male fantasies.
摘要从神话、历史、宗教到当代流行文化,莉莉丝的表现形式多种多样。作为一个复仇的吸血鬼或诱人的妖妇,或两者的迷人结合,她被理解为父权女性观的对象,也是一个解放和解放的女权主义偶像。赋予莉莉丝的意义与当代女权主义话语完全交织在一起。我们认为,正是在后女权主义媒体经济中,女性气质的各种比喻的含义和功能被破坏稳定并重新谈判。在这篇文章中,我们将重点限制在莉莉丝在最近两部电视连续剧中的出现,即《萨布丽娜的冷酷冒险》(2018–)和《影子猎人》(2016–2019)。我们的目的是强调每一个系列中所代表的莉莉斯人如何协商流行文化中使用的一个特定的女性形象比喻,即蛇蝎美人。我们发现,虽然莉莉丝作为后女权主义宿命论女性的这些表现可能会为女权主义抵抗打开潜力,但它们同时被困在一个压迫性的代表体系中,将女性构建为非规范男性幻想的被动对象。
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引用次数: 0
Gender Representation in Rwandan Music Videos 卢旺达音乐视频中的性别代表性
IF 0.8 Q4 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/02500167.2022.2105924
Tessa Djamilla Rwubaka, M. Prieler
Abstract This study analysed gender representations in a sample of 100 Rwandan music videos. Some of our findings were in accordance with those of previous studies focusing on other countries, including the findings that in videos men clearly outnumber women and women are sexually objectified through the use of clothing, gaze, partialising, and sexually suggestive movements. However, in contrast to previous literature on music videos in Western countries, this study on Rwandan music videos found hardly any violence or aggression in the videos and hardly any age differences between the men and women represented. Reasons for these results are discussed as well as the potential effects of such representations, including the objectification of women and an acceptance of gender role stereotypes.
本研究分析了100个卢旺达音乐视频样本中的性别代表。我们的一些研究结果与之前针对其他国家的研究结果一致,包括视频中男性明显多于女性,女性通过使用服装、凝视、局部化和性暗示动作而被性物化。然而,与之前关于西方国家音乐视频的文献相比,这项关于卢旺达音乐视频的研究发现,视频中几乎没有任何暴力或侵略行为,男性和女性之间也几乎没有年龄差异。本文讨论了产生这些结果的原因,以及这种表现的潜在影响,包括对女性的物化和对性别角色刻板印象的接受。
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引用次数: 0
Framing the Poor during Covid-19: Townships and Informal Settlements in South African Online News 2019冠状病毒病期间的贫困框架:南非的乡镇和非正规住区
IF 0.8 Q4 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/02500167.2022.2105925
Mandla J. Radebe
Abstract South Africa’s deep-seated social inequality problem has been exposed and exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic. The economic pain and joblessness are disproportionately felt by the poor living in townships and informal settlements. This study investigates online news media’s coverage of the plight of poor people living in townships and informal settlements during the pandemic. Although numerous scholars have argued that the commercial media is biased and mutes the voices of the subalterns, this study shows an increase in the voices of ordinary citizens on the online media in question. During the pandemic, coverage of the poor and their issues increased and was framed from a human interest perspective. Despite this positive trend and the massive upsurge in online media during the pandemic lockdown, many online platforms are still linked to traditional media. In the final analysis, the commercial media’s problem of ownership, control, and concentration has migrated to online platforms. Because it is located in capitalist structures of power, commercialised media reproduces the views of the dominant powers and remains unable to unpack the underlying failures of capitalism. This article therefore makes a case for considering an alternative, decommodified media that will serve the majority as a public good.
新冠肺炎疫情暴露并加剧了南非根深蒂固的社会不平等问题。生活在城镇和非正式定居点的穷人尤其感到经济痛苦和失业。本研究调查了网络新闻媒体在大流行期间对居住在乡镇和非正规住区的贫困人口困境的报道。尽管许多学者认为商业媒体有偏见,压制了下层民众的声音,但这项研究显示,普通公民在相关网络媒体上的声音有所增加。在大流行病期间,对穷人及其问题的报道有所增加,并从人类利益的角度出发。尽管出现了这种积极趋势,在疫情封锁期间,网络媒体也出现了大规模增长,但许多网络平台仍与传统媒体联系在一起。归根结底,商业媒体的所有权、控制权和集中度问题已经转移到了网络平台上。因为它位于资本主义的权力结构中,商业化的媒体复制了主导大国的观点,仍然无法揭示资本主义的潜在失败。因此,本文提出了一个案例,考虑一种替代的、非修饰的媒体,它将作为一种公共产品为大多数人服务。
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引用次数: 1
Analysing the Strategic Role of Communication Practitioners in South African Universities 分析南非大学传播学从业者的战略作用
IF 0.8 Q4 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/02500167.2022.2086593
M. J. Hadji
Abstract This article explores the role of senior-level communication practitioners in strategic planning in the higher education context. To achieve this, the literature on strategic communication was reviewed to ascertain the position of communication practitioners in the organisational structure of universities and their effectiveness in achieving the mission of the university. Using purposive sampling, all South African public universities were approached, and seven responded by availing their university planners and communication practitioners for interviews. The results were analysed using thematic analysis. It was found that most university communication departments were based in the office of the vice-chancellor (VC), and that those based in other offices wished to be moved to the VC's office. Communication practitioners are consulted when university strategy is developed, although the process was criticised as being top-down. The participation of communicators in strategic planning was limited to creating awareness and organising strategic planning sessions, and they had no direct input in the strategy content. Notably, when asked about their contributions to the strategic planning of their universities, most communication practitioners focus on the communication of strategy. The study recommends that communication practitioners should be trained in general management, with particular reference to strategic management and risk management. In order to help improve universities’ monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, communication practitioners should be more actively involved in evaluative research. This would empower communication practitioners to add value in the strategic planning process. This study makes a meaningful contribution to the scholarly debate on the practice of strategic communication in the higher education context.
摘要本文探讨了高等教育背景下高层传播从业者在战略规划中的作用。为了实现这一目标,我们回顾了战略传播方面的文献,以确定传播从业者在大学组织结构中的地位,以及他们在实现大学使命方面的有效性。使用有目的的抽样,我们接触了所有南非公立大学,其中七所大学通过利用其大学规划人员和传播从业人员进行访谈做出了回应。采用主题分析法对结果进行分析。调查发现,大多数大学的传播系都设在副校长办公室,而设在其他办公室的传播系则希望搬到副校长办公室。在制定大学战略时,会咨询传播从业者,尽管这个过程被批评为自上而下的。传播者对战略规划的参与仅限于提高认识和组织战略规划会议,他们对战略内容没有直接的投入。值得注意的是,当被问及他们对大学战略规划的贡献时,大多数传播从业者关注的是战略传播。研究报告建议,传播从业人员应接受一般管理方面的培训,特别是战略管理和风险管理方面的培训。为了帮助完善大学的监测和评估机制,传播学从业者应该更积极地参与评估研究。这将使沟通从业者能够在战略规划过程中增加价值。本研究对高等教育背景下战略沟通实践的学术争论做出了有意义的贡献。
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引用次数: 1
The Heart and Mind of a Radio Station: Audience Perceptions of Radio Station Brand Personality 电台的心灵:受众对电台品牌人格的感知
IF 0.8 Q4 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/02500167.2022.2091630
Thérèse Roux, T. Maree
Abstract The focus of this research was to explore consumer brand responses to the brand personality of a South African classical music radio station, Classic 1027. This study investigated how key brand responses are influenced by brand personality. A structured electronic survey was used to collect data from a qualified online panel that reflected the demographic characteristics of typical Classic 1027 listeners. The attitudes and behavioural intentions of listeners were examined, and the findings show positive attitudes and intentions. The “enthusiasm” brand personality dimension was shown to have a significant effect on behavioural responses. This research contributes by measuring brand personality during an actual repositioning campaign, rather than just as an isolated academic study. By considering radio station brand personality from a listener's perspective, it also contributes to theory development and offers some guidelines for media practitioners.
摘要本研究的重点是探讨消费者品牌对南非古典音乐广播电台Classic 1027品牌个性的反应。本研究调查了品牌个性对关键品牌反应的影响。使用结构化的电子调查从合格的在线小组收集数据,这些数据反映了典型的经典1027听众的人口统计特征。对听众的态度和行为意图进行了调查,结果显示出积极的态度和意图。“热情”品牌个性维度对行为反应有显著影响。这项研究通过在实际的重新定位活动中测量品牌个性来做出贡献,而不仅仅是一项孤立的学术研究。从听众的角度考虑广播电台的品牌个性,也有助于理论的发展,并为媒体从业者提供一些指导。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Communicatio-South African Journal for Communication Theory and Research
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