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Upheaval: Disrupted Lives in Journalism 剧变:被打乱的新闻生活
IF 0.8 Q4 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/02500167.2021.1987285
G. Daniels
In South Africa, there was active unionisation of media workers in general, and journalists in particular, in the 1980s and 1990s, but thereafter, this disintegrated, as shown in Daniels’ (2020) book, Power and Loss in South African Journalism: News in the Age of Social Media (hereafter Power and Loss). One of the more noteworthy findings in South Africa was that 72% of the 158 journalists who participated in the research for Power and Loss said they had no union and journalist association support during their retrenchment process, while the majority of over 90%, said there was no employer funded career support either.
在南非,在20世纪80年代和90年代,媒体工作者,特别是记者都积极加入工会,但此后,工会瓦解了,正如丹尼尔斯(2020)的著作《南非新闻业的权力与损失:社交媒体时代的新闻》(以下简称《权力与损失》)所示。在南非,一个更值得注意的发现是,在参与《权力与损失》研究的158名记者中,72%的人表示,他们在裁员过程中没有工会和记者协会的支持,而超过90%的大多数人表示,也没有雇主资助的职业支持。
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引用次数: 1
Gatekeeping, Gatewatching and the Art of Crowdsourcing in African Media Systems: A Case of Zambian Newsrooms 非洲媒体系统中的把关、把关与众包艺术:以赞比亚新闻编辑室为例
IF 0.8 Q4 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/02500167.2021.1966817
Gregory Gondwe
Abstract This article reports on a study that contributes to the literature on gatekeeping, gatewatching and crowdsourcing in African contexts. It does so by significantly expanding the scope, and theoretically incorporating the value of information and message content, through which the study revealed how citizen journalists only participate in the already existing media agenda. Citizen journalists are not professional journalists, instead they transmit information using social media platforms. By analysing a total of 2 418 stories from social media users and conducting surveys among 314 journalists, the study was able to demonstrate that journalists and the political elites are the main creators of news media agenda. The findings also suggest that journalists do not crowdsource to obtain a diversity of opinions, but rather to validate their already made agenda. These findings, although consistent with the extant literature, present an important topic to the so far understudied area of Africa.
摘要本文报道了一项研究,该研究对非洲背景下的守门人、看门人和众包的文献做出了贡献。它通过显著扩大范围,并在理论上纳入信息和信息内容的价值来实现这一点,通过这一研究揭示了公民记者如何只参与已经存在的媒体议程。公民记者不是专业记者,而是利用社交媒体平台传播信息。通过分析来自社交媒体用户的2418个故事,并对314名记者进行调查,该研究能够证明记者和政治精英是新闻媒体议程的主要创造者。研究结果还表明,记者不是为了获得多样化的意见而众包,而是为了验证他们已经制定的议程。这些发现虽然与现有文献一致,但对迄今尚未得到充分研究的非洲地区提出了一个重要的主题。
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引用次数: 0
Cula Mzansi: Towards Strategic Transformation of Operatic Culture in Post-Apartheid South Africa 库拉·姆赞西:后种族隔离时期南非歌剧文化的战略转型
IF 0.8 Q4 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/02500167.2021.1959364
M. J. Nomcweya, O. Seda, N. Mugovhani
Abstract This article outlines a critical analysis of two of a series of three operas that were produced by Gauteng Opera, South Africa, and presented at the Soweto Theatre in 2016 under the generic title of Cula Mzansi (which means “Sing South Africa”). The three operas were Bongani Ndodana-Breen's Hani, Peter Klatzow's Words from a Broken String, and Martin Watt's Tronkvoël, with the first two being the subject of the current analysis. The authors argue that the inclusion of indigenous themes and elements in these operas may be read as a strategic ploy that was meant to transform the operatic form and give it local cultural relevance and appeal. The purpose of the analysis was to assist current and future generations of South African theatregoers to experience some of the possible ways in which the operatic form can be transformed. This transformation is deemed necessary in order to make opera more appealing to the majority of previously disadvantaged black South Africans, notwithstanding the genre's negative historical baggage in many parts of the world where it is largely viewed as an elite form. The authors argue that the inclusion of decidedly indigenous South African cultural elements in these operas in terms of music, costume and setting allowed for the depiction of stories that could more easily relate to the majority of previously marginalised South African communities. They further argue that this strategy had the potential to localise and decolonise this cultural art form in ways deliberately meant to reach a much wider appeal in post- apartheid South Africa.
本文概述了对南非豪登省歌剧院(Gauteng Opera)制作的三部歌剧系列中的两部歌剧的批判性分析,这两部歌剧于2016年在索韦托剧院(Soweto Theatre)以“Cula Mzansi”(意思是“歌唱南非”)的名义演出。这三部歌剧分别是邦加尼·恩多达纳-布林的《哈尼》、彼得·克拉佐夫的《断弦上的字》和马丁·瓦特的《Tronkvoël》,目前的分析对象是前两部。作者认为,在这些歌剧中加入本土主题和元素可以被解读为一种战略策略,旨在改变歌剧形式,赋予其地方文化相关性和吸引力。分析的目的是帮助当代和未来几代南非戏剧爱好者体验歌剧形式可以转变的一些可能方式。这种转变被认为是必要的,以便使歌剧对大多数以前处于不利地位的南非黑人更具吸引力,尽管在世界许多地方,这种类型的负面历史包袱在很大程度上被视为一种精英形式。作者认为,在音乐、服装和背景方面,这些歌剧中明显包含了南非本土文化元素,这使得故事的描述更容易与大多数以前被边缘化的南非社区联系起来。他们进一步认为,这种策略有可能使这种文化艺术形式本地化和去殖民化,从而在种族隔离后的南非获得更广泛的吸引力。
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引用次数: 0
“My Birth Control Makes Me Emotionally Psycho”: Online Female Narratives about Contraceptives “我的节育让我情绪紧张”:关于避孕的在线女性叙事
IF 0.8 Q4 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/02500167.2021.1987945
Karabo Sitto, E. Lubinga
Abstract Digital communication tools have become increasingly pivotal to facilitating the engagement and management of difficult health-related conversations. Peer conversations about individual women's experiences relating to the side effects of contraceptive use are not often held outside of medical contexts. To provoke conversations about birth control, on 9 January 2018, the Sexual and Reproductive Justice Coalition (SRJC) tweeted the results of a study about the severe side effects of using Depo-Provera (a contraceptive injection), triggering diverse discussions. This article reports on a study that analysed online narratives of tweets based on female experiences of effects suffered from contraceptive use and adopted a qualitative netnography design. Three theoretical perspectives, namely, the spiral of silence theory, the critical modernism theory, and the patient-centred model of health care, were relevant to the study. The results provided oft-unheard narratives of South African female voices on personal experiences and agency about contraceptive use. Within health communication, policymakers, as well as campaign designers, need to have a holistic understanding of the factors which may influence women's decisions to (dis)continue a contraceptive method. Such information is critical to designing interventions and programmes which will enable the achievement of important birth control goals and inform the design of effective policies or health campaign messaging. Online patient empowerment on various social media platforms needs to be monitored to avoid misinformation.
数字通信工具在促进参与和管理困难的健康相关对话方面变得越来越重要。关于使用避孕药具的副作用的妇女个人经历的同侪对话,通常不会在医学范围之外举行。为了引发关于节育的讨论,2018年1月9日,性与生殖正义联盟(SRJC)在推特上发布了一项关于使用Depo-Provera(一种避孕注射剂)严重副作用的研究结果,引发了各种讨论。本文报道了一项研究,该研究基于女性使用避孕药具所遭受的影响的经验,分析了推特的在线叙述,并采用了定性网络图设计。三个理论视角,即沉默的螺旋理论、批判现代主义理论和以病人为中心的医疗模式与研究相关。研究结果提供了南非女性关于避孕药具使用的个人经历和机构的经常闻所未闻的叙述。在卫生宣传方面,决策者和运动设计者需要全面了解可能影响妇女决定(不)继续使用一种避孕方法的因素。这些信息对于设计干预措施和方案至关重要,这些措施和方案将能够实现重要的生育控制目标,并为设计有效的政策或保健运动信息提供信息。需要监测各种社交媒体平台上的在线患者授权,以避免错误信息。
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引用次数: 1
Visual Framing of the Cameroon Anglophone Crisis in Newspapers 喀麦隆英语国家报纸危机的视觉框架
IF 0.8 Q4 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-03-11 DOI: 10.1080/02500167.2020.1857808
Dominic E. Forcha
Abstract The use of still and motion pictures in reporting on a crisis actually frames the news in particular ways for better understanding. The current study of visual framing of the Cameroon Anglophone crisis in 2016 revealed that the press paid considerable attention to the crisis by making use of images. Of the 216 articles identified in the study, 174 images were used to bring out the conflict and thereby create different perspectives of understanding through frames. The study identified two general frame systems in the coverage of the crisis, namely, the pro- and anti-government perspectives. A further 11 salient frames were identified under these two general frame systems. A comparative analysis of private and public press use of visual frames revealed that the private press made more use of photographs to bring out salient issues in the crisis, such as conflict, lives lost, as well as political actors. The public press on its part paid minimal attention to the crisis and made use of photographs depicting peace/unity, government appeasement, and return to normalcy.
摘要在报道危机时使用静态和动态图片,实际上是以特定的方式构建新闻以更好地理解。目前对2016年喀麦隆英语危机视觉框架的研究表明,媒体通过使用图像对这场危机给予了相当大的关注。在研究中确定的216篇文章中,174幅图像被用来引出冲突,从而通过框架创造不同的理解视角。该研究确定了危机报道的两个总体框架体系,即支持政府和反对政府的观点。在这两个通用框架系统下又确定了11个突出框架。对私人和公共媒体使用视觉框架的比较分析表明,私人媒体更多地使用照片来揭示危机中的突出问题,如冲突、生命损失以及政治行为者。公共媒体对这场危机的关注度很低,并使用了描绘和平/团结、政府绥靖和恢复正常的照片。
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引用次数: 0
Media Accountability in Africa: A Study of Policies and Practices at Two Newsrooms in Kenya 非洲媒体问责:肯尼亚两个新闻编辑室的政策与实践研究
IF 0.8 Q4 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02500167.2020.1857809
Jared Obuya
Abstract Media accountability has attracted the interest of journalism scholars, media managers and policy makers as the debate grows on how to ensure a free and accountable media. However, media accountability is rarely studied beyond the theoretical and academic debate, especially in many parts of Africa. This article presents the findings of an investigation into media accountability policies and practices at two newsrooms in Kenya. Data came from document analysis and face-to-face interviews with various cadres of journalists and media managers of the newspapers. A range of policies and practices for media accountability guide the journalism at the newsrooms. The editorial policy and other ad hoc policies, routine gate-keeping processes, internal editorial evaluations and capacity-building processes are used to ensure quality and professionalism. The newsrooms also have various practices designed for dialogue and interaction with members of the public. However, media accountability is hampered by a weak professional culture; the dominance of commercial values; and deep ethnic and political fissures in the country. The management of the newsrooms should be encouraged to invest in media accountability as a moral obligation to society and to justify their quest for autonomy and independence from political and economic pressures.
摘要媒体问责制吸引了新闻学者、媒体管理者和政策制定者的兴趣,因为关于如何确保媒体自由和负责任的争论愈演愈烈。然而,很少在理论和学术辩论之外对媒体问责制进行研究,尤其是在非洲的许多地区。本文介绍了对肯尼亚两家新闻编辑室媒体问责政策和做法的调查结果。数据来自文件分析和对记者干部和报社媒体经理的面对面采访。一系列媒体问责政策和实践指导着新闻编辑室的新闻工作。使用编辑政策和其他特设政策、例行把关程序、内部编辑评价和能力建设程序来确保质量和专业性。新闻编辑室也有各种做法,旨在与公众进行对话和互动。然而,薄弱的专业文化阻碍了媒体问责制;商业价值的主导地位;以及该国深刻的种族和政治分歧。应鼓励新闻编辑室的管理层投资于媒体问责制,将其作为对社会的道德义务,并为其寻求自治和独立于政治和经济压力辩护。
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引用次数: 2
Print Media Framing of Definitions and Causes of, and Solutions to, Work-Life Balance Issues in Kenya 肯尼亚工作与生活平衡问题的定义、原因和解决方案的平面媒体框架
IF 0.8 Q4 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02500167.2020.1854806
Gladys Muasya
Abstract Work-life balance (WLB) issues are taking centre stage in the work and family policies in Kenya. This is due to the diversity of the current workforce that includes high proportions of working women. This article reports on a study that sought to find out how the print media frames the definitions and causes of, and solutions to, WLB issues in Kenya. The study found that the media frames WLB as a middle-and upper-class families’ women’s issue. Thus, WLB is depicted as unattainable and women’s work is framed as their choice made for selfish ambition. This framing places working mothers at a disadvantage. Women are perceived as primary caregivers with roles that cannot be delegated. There is also less support from their spouses and employers and more reliance on domestic workers. The study found the following solutions to WLB challenges: (1) reframe women’s role to be inclusive of work; (2) include nurturing roles to expand the role of fathers and husbands; (3) improve women’s relationship with their domestic workers; (4) encourage women to pace life accordingly; and (5) advise women to plan and have better time management. Policy implications are also discussed in detail in the article.
摘要工作与生活平衡(WLB)问题在肯尼亚的工作和家庭政策中占据了中心地位。这是由于目前劳动力的多样性,其中包括高比例的职业妇女。本文报道了一项研究,旨在了解肯尼亚印刷媒体如何界定WLB问题的定义、原因以及解决方案。研究发现,媒体将WLB视为中上层家庭的女性问题。因此,WLB被描绘成遥不可及的,女性的工作被框定为她们出于自私野心而做出的选择。这种框架使职业母亲处于不利地位。妇女被视为主要的照顾者,其角色无法委派。他们的配偶和雇主的支持也减少了,更多地依赖家庭佣工。该研究发现了以下解决WLB挑战的方法:(1)重新定义女性的角色,使其包容工作;(2) 包括养育角色,以扩大父亲和丈夫的角色;(3) 改善妇女与家庭佣工的关系;(4) 鼓励妇女相应地调整生活节奏;以及(5)建议妇女有计划并有更好的时间管理。文章还详细讨论了政策含义。
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引用次数: 0
Magical Mothers: The Representation of Witches and Motherhood in Contemporary Fantasy Cinema 魔法母亲:当代奇幻电影中女巫和母性的表现
IF 0.8 Q4 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02500167.2021.1876122
J. Engelbrecht
Abstract Over the past decade, powerful mothers in cinema have reappeared in the fantasy genre in the form of “witches”. Some witches’ stories, such as that of Maleficent (the wicked witch from the classic fairy tale Sleeping Beauty), have even been rewritten to place greater emphasis on maternal values, while simultaneously having feminist undertones and subverting the ways in which witches’ stories have been told previously. In contrast to the widely regarded belief that only evil witches (who are often also read as femme fatales) are considered to be “feminist”, the author argues that recently, witches that are both good and feminist have started to come to the fore. Significantly, the source of these witches’ power is their display of motherhood, which is an issue that many feminists (especially those who deny gender difference) have been grappling with for some time, as motherhood and feminism seem to be on two opposite ends of the spectrum. Thus, the author argues that, as is displayed in science fiction heroines from the 1980s and 1990s who are often discussed in feminist circles, these witches’ maternal values do not undermine their transgressive potential, as it is conventionally assumed, but rather become the source of their empowerment.
摘要在过去的十年里,电影中强大的母亲们以“女巫”的形式再次出现在幻想类型中。一些女巫的故事,比如经典童话《睡美人》中的邪恶女巫Maleficent的故事,甚至被改写为更加强调母性价值观,同时带有女权主义色彩,颠覆了以前讲述女巫故事的方式。与人们普遍认为只有邪恶的女巫(通常也被解读为蛇蝎美人)才被认为是“女权主义者”的观点相反,作者认为,最近,善良和女权主义者的女巫开始崭露头角。值得注意的是,这些女巫力量的来源是她们展现的母性,这是许多女权主义者(尤其是那些否认性别差异的女权主义者)一段时间以来一直在努力解决的问题,因为母性和女权主义似乎处于两个对立的两端。因此,作者认为,正如女权主义圈子里经常讨论的20世纪80年代和90年代的科幻女英雄所展示的那样,这些女巫的母性价值观并没有像传统上认为的那样破坏她们的越轨潜力,而是成为她们赋权的源泉。
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引用次数: 2
Students’ Perceptions of the Adoption and Use of Social Media in Academic Libraries: A UTAUT Study 学生对大学图书馆采用和使用社交媒体的看法:一项UTAUT研究
IF 0.8 Q4 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02500167.2021.1876123
Marion Williams, I. Saunderson, A. Dhoest
Abstract This article reports on a study for which the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) served as a theoretical framework. The purpose of the qualitative exploration was to gain an understanding of students’ perceptions of the adoption of social media, namely Facebook and Twitter, in an academic library setting. The study applied the constructs as described by the UTAUT, namely, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions, to explore students’ perceived behavioural intentions to use social media. A sample of 30 students were selected from two universities, one in Belgium (University of Antwerp) and one in South Africa (University of Limpopo), to gain better insight of the students’ perceptions regarding the adoption and use of social media, in particular Facebook and Twitter, by the academic libraries at these two universities. The study showed that the adoption of social media is positively influenced by effort expectancy, performance expectancy and social influence. A major challenge reported by most respondents at the University of Limpopo was poor internet access and the non-adoption of Facebook and Twitter, whilst respondents at the University of Antwerp had mixed feelings about the adoption of Facebook and Twitter for scholarly communication.
摘要本文以技术接受与使用统一理论(UTAUT)为理论框架进行研究。定性探索的目的是了解学生对在学术图书馆环境中使用社交媒体(即Facebook和Twitter)的看法。本研究采用UTAUT所描述的构念,即表现期望、努力期望、社会影响和促进条件,探讨学生使用社交媒体的感知行为意图。从两所大学(一所在比利时(安特卫普大学)和一所在南非(林波波大学))中选择了30名学生的样本,以更好地了解学生对这两所大学的学术图书馆采用和使用社交媒体,特别是Facebook和Twitter的看法。研究表明,努力预期、绩效预期和社会影响力对社交媒体的使用有正向影响。林波波大学的大多数受访者报告的主要挑战是互联网接入不佳,不采用Facebook和Twitter,而安特卫普大学的受访者对采用Facebook和Twitter进行学术交流的感受复杂。
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引用次数: 10
Post-Apartheid Same-Sex Sexualities: Restless Identities in Literary and Visual Culture 种族隔离后的同性性行为:文学和视觉文化中不安分的身份
IF 0.8 Q4 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02500167.2021.1910528
R. du Plessis
The cornerstone of Post-Apartheid Same-Sex Sexualities: Restless Identities in Literary and Visual Culture by Andy Carolin (2021) is a resolute declaration for South African same-sex literary and visual texts to be interpreted by mapping local and transnational flows, as well as historical and contemporary connections. Carolin refers to the idea of “restlessness” as a means to encapsulate the dynamism and ethos of such a reading, and he is to be lauded for delivering a meticulously researched and innovative study that is immensely thought-provoking.
Andy Carolin(2021)的《后种族隔离的同性性取向:文学和视觉文化中的不安身份》(Post Apartheid Same Sexualities:Restless Identities in Literary and Visual Culture)的基石是南非同性文学和视觉文本的坚定宣言,该文本将通过绘制本地和跨国流动以及历史和当代联系来解读。Carolin将“不安”的概念称为概括这种阅读的活力和精神的一种手段,他提供了一项经过精心研究和创新的研究,非常发人深省,值得称赞。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Communicatio-South African Journal for Communication Theory and Research
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