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A case study on the determination of the excavated trench depth in unsaturated soil constructed by trench method without supporting structures 非饱和土无支护壕法开挖壕深确定的实例研究
IF 0.3 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-13 DOI: 10.29227/im-2019-02-60
Xuan Nguyen, Thi Them Do
Together with the excavated width, the depth of trench play avital role in stability as well as economics effectiveness of a trenchconstructed by open trench method. It is widely recognized that a steeperangle of an open trench, a smaller amount the excavated soil required;however, the trench is unstable. In this case, an external supporting structuresystem is obliged to prevent the trench from falling into the excavation zone.In addition, an open trench is normally located above the water table, henceunder unsaturated condition. One of the most important characteristics ofunsaturated soil is negative pore water pressure which brings about thematric suction, higher negative pore water pressure, higher matric suction;consequently, higher shear strength of soil. On the other hand, there is a fewtheories and research works have been reported on the method ofdetermining a suitable depth of a trench under unsaturated condition.Previous works tend to assume that the distribution of matric suction iseither constant or linear with depth; as a result of this, the designed resultsare often overestimated compared to practical results. In this paper, theeffect of distribution of matric suction was taken into account to propose anequation to estimate the depth of a trench that can be applied withoutsupporting structure. Finally, an example of numerical calculation of a depthof the open trench was described.
开挖深度与开挖宽度一起,对明渠法开挖的稳定性和经济效益起着至关重要的作用。人们普遍认为,开阔沟槽的倾斜度越大,所需开挖的土量越小,但沟槽本身就不稳定。在这种情况下,外部支撑结构系统有义务防止沟槽落入挖掘区。此外,开阔的海沟通常位于地下水位以上,因此处于非饱和状态。非饱和土最重要的特征之一是负孔隙水压力,负孔隙水压力越大,基质吸力越大,土体抗剪强度越高。另一方面,关于非饱和条件下确定壕沟合适深度的理论和研究工作较少。以前的工作倾向于假设基质吸力的分布随深度不变或线性;因此,与实际结果相比,设计结果往往被高估。本文在考虑基质吸力分布影响的基础上,建立了无支护条件下的沟槽深度估计方程。最后,给出了一个明渠深度的数值计算实例。
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引用次数: 0
Choice of powered roof support FAZOS-15/31-POz for Vang Danh hard coal mine 王丹硬煤矿动力顶板支架FAZOS-15/31-POz的选择
IF 0.3 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-13 DOI: 10.29227/im-2019-02-71
K. Skrzypkowski, W. Korzeniowski, Trung Nguyen Duc
The article presents the choice of a Polish powered roof support from FAMUR Group forthe conditions of one of the hard coal mines in Vietnam. In the analytical calculations, the strengthand structural parameters of the rock mass from the Vang Danh mine region were adopted. Thelongwall face is 93 m long and the thickness of the coal layer is equal 3 m. For the needs of thechoice of support, the load of the longwall face determined and the capacity of the powered roofsupport were determined. On the basis of the permissible roof deflection method, the condition ofexcavation maintenance was characterized. In the calculations, it was assumed that the condition ofusing a powered roof support type FAZOS-15/31-POz, except in addition to complying of theworking range and permissible value of longwall face inclination, is to ensure proper roofmaintenance conditions, which are determined by the index of load capacity of the roof „g”.
本文介绍了针对越南某硬煤矿山的情况,选用法穆尔集团的波兰动力顶板支架。在分析计算中,采用了Vang Danh矿区岩体的强度和结构参数。长壁工作面长93米,煤层厚度等于3米。为了选择支护的需要,确定了长壁工作面的载荷和动力顶板支护的能力。在顶板允许挠度法的基础上,对采空养护的条件进行了表征。在计算中,假设使用FAZOS-15/31 POz型动力顶板支架的条件,除了符合工作范围和长壁工作面倾斜度的允许值外,是为了确保适当的顶板维护条件,这是由顶板的承载能力指数“g”决定的。
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引用次数: 8
Improving the operation of earth fault relays by auto earthingconnection at earth fault situations in 6kV mining grid of Quang Ninh 广宁6kV矿网在接地故障情况下自动接地,改善接地故障继电器的运行
IF 0.3 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-13 DOI: 10.29227/im-2019-02-57
H. Bun, L. X. Thanh
Single phase earth-fault in MV grids usually causes overvoltagethat harm to human being and electric equipments. In 6kV mining grids ofVietnam, earth fault which is majority incident accounts 55% to 73% of thetotal faults. When earth fault occurs many grids’ eco-technical parameterswill be affected. Moreover, the overvoltage and earthing current can lead toserious electric shock accidents caused mainly by stepping-overvoltage ortouching-overvoltage. One of earthing relays requirements is to trip inminimum time duration in order to reduce the magnitude of earthing currentsand overvoltage. Base on the simulation in Matlab, the paper suggests a priorconnection diagram that allows an auto earthing-connection for improvingthe better performance of relays. The utilization of the diagram will help todecrease the tripping time of relays, reduce the amplitude of internalovervoltage as well as enhance the safety for human being in case ofearthing incidents.
中压电网中的单相接地故障通常会造成过电压,对人体和电气设备造成危害。在越南6kV矿山电网中,接地故障占总故障的55%至73%,是最常见的事故。当接地故障发生时,许多电网的生态技术参数将受到影响。此外,过电压和接地电流会导致严重的触电事故,主要由步进过电压或接触过电压引起。接地继电器的要求之一是在最短的时间内跳闸,以减少接地电流和过电压的大小。在Matlab仿真的基础上,提出了一种允许自动接地的优先接线图,以提高继电器的性能。该图的使用将有助于减少继电器的跳闸时间,降低内部过电压的幅度,并在发生接地事故时提高人类的安全性。
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引用次数: 0
Recovery of clean coal from the contaminated waste of Quang Ninh province - Viet Nam 从越南广宁省污染废弃物中回收洁净煤
IF 0.3 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-13 DOI: 10.29227/im-2019-02-61
Nhu Thi Kim Dung, Vu Thi Chinh
The contaminated waste is a by-product generated during coalmining process. This type of products may contain more or less 20% of cleancoal, thus their ash content may vary in a wide range of 60 to 80%. Thiswaste normally is stockpiled separately at “temporary disposal dumps” asthey would not be regarded as waste in the full meaning, however, it is verysensitive for the miners who attempt to process such a waste. Based on theresults of the coal characteristics survey at some surface coal mines ofVietnam, the studying authors have collected a large quantity ofrepresentative samples, such as Ha Tu, Nui Beo, Tay Khe Sim, Ha Rangmines and have carried out a number of experiments using low cost andhighly efficient separating equipments. These are semi-industrial movablescreen jig, fluidization separator, some samples of -0.5 mm size usingflotation method. Products of processing include clean coal, which has ashcontent obtain quality standard of Viet Nam (clean coal is consumed easily)and tailings have ash content over 80%, which can waste. The study resultsshowed that the application of the new machines could allow significantrecovery of clean coal from the contaminated waste. This may significantlycontributes in reduction of environmental pollution while ensuring theproduction viability and economic efficiency for the miners.
污染废物是煤矿开采过程中产生的副产品。这类产品可能含有20%左右的洁净煤,因此它们的灰分含量可能在60 - 80%的范围内变化。这些废物通常被单独储存在“临时处置场”,因为它们不被完全视为废物,然而,对于试图处理这种废物的矿工来说,这是非常敏感的。本文以越南部分露天煤矿的煤特性调查结果为基础,收集了大量具有代表性的样品,如Ha Tu、Nui Beo、Tay Khe Sim、Ha rangmine,并采用低成本、高效的分选设备进行了多次试验。这些是半工业活动筛跳汰机,流态化分离器,一些-0.5 mm尺寸的样品采用浮选方法。加工的产品有灰分达到越南质量标准的洁净煤(洁净煤容易消耗)和灰分超过80%的尾矿,可以浪费。研究结果表明,新机器的应用可以显著地从污染废物中回收干净的煤。这可能大大有助于减少环境污染,同时确保矿工的生产可行性和经济效益。
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引用次数: 0
Study on the possibility of using artificial pillar to replace the protection coal pillar of the preparation roadways during the mining process at underground coal mines in Quang Ninh region, Vietnam 越南广宁地区地下煤矿开采过程中采用人工矿柱替代准备巷道保护煤柱的可能性研究
IF 0.3 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-13 DOI: 10.29227/im-2019-02-73
Dinh Van Cuong, Tran Van Thanh, T. Anh
The coal reserves in protection pillar of roadways are expected to be left in the mining processin underground mines in Quangninh coal basin which is relatively large (about 16% of the total reserves).If it can be exploited, it will help to save non-renewable coal resources, reduce the cost of preparingroadway meters, extend the mine life and increase the efficiency of construction investment. In the world,in order to reduce coal loss in protection pillar of roadways, mining technology to exploit and use artificialprotection pillars are quite popular. Accordingly, in order to simultaneously exploit coal in the protectionpillar and maintain the transport roadway as a ventilation roadway for the longwall in below level, thepost-mining coal pillar will be replaced by artificial pillars formed from the stone backfill cribs, columns,metal cribs, chemical materials or low-grade concrete mortar mixes formed from fly ash, bottom ash ofthermal power plants, combined crushed waste rock and a cement additive,... This paper will evaluate thepossibility and propose a number of mining technological scheme as well as the type of constructionmaterials suitable for artificial columns.
全宁煤盆地地下矿山在开采过程中预计会留下较大的巷道保护柱煤炭储量(约占总储量的16%)。若能开发利用,有利于节约不可再生煤炭资源,降低巷道仪表编制成本,延长矿井寿命,提高建设投资效益。在世界范围内,为了减少巷道保护柱的煤损,开发利用人工保护柱的采矿技术十分流行。因此,为了同时开采保护矿柱中的煤炭,并保持运输巷道作为地下长壁通风巷道的作用,采煤后煤柱将由由粉煤灰、火电厂底灰、破碎废石和水泥添加剂组合而成的石料回填槽、矿柱、金属槽、化工材料或低标号混凝土砂浆混合料组成的人工矿柱代替。本文将对人工柱的可行性进行评价,并提出若干开采技术方案和适合人工柱的建筑材料类型。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison Of Vietnam And Poland Industrial Wastewater Regulation: A Study Of Trang Bach Coal Mine Wastewater Treatment 越南与波兰工业废水治理比较——以庄巴赫煤矿废水治理为例
IF 0.3 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-13 DOI: 10.29227/IM-2019-02-64
Doan Manh Ha, W. Mijał, D. Polek
The research about wastewater treatment in laboratory scale ofTrang Bach coal mine in Vietnam was carried out in the year of 2016. Weconcluded the content of chemical compound that needed to treat the pH,Fe, Mn component and Turbidity & Suspended Solids (TSS) in thewastewater to meet the requirement of the Technical Regulation forIndustrial Water of Vietnam. In this article, we suppose to compare theVietnam and Poland regulations for industrial wastewater based on theresult of our research about Trang Bach coal mine wastewater treatmentbefore and then assess the potential to exchange the scientific works aboutwastewater treatment between Vietnam and Poland.
2016年对越南庄巴赫煤矿进行了实验室规模的污水处理研究。测定了处理废水中pH、Fe、Mn组分和浊度及悬浮物(TSS)所需的化合物含量,满足越南工业用水技术法规的要求。在本文中,我们基于之前对庄巴赫煤矿废水处理的研究结果,拟对越南和波兰的工业废水法规进行比较,从而评估越南和波兰在废水处理方面的科学工作交流的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Developing an Advanced Soft Computational Model for Estimating Blast-Induced Ground Vibration in Nui Beo Open-pit Coal Mine (Vietnam) Using Artificial Neural Network 利用人工神经网络建立越南Nui Beo露天煤矿爆破诱发地面振动的先进软计算模型
IF 0.3 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-13 DOI: 10.29227/IM-2019-02-58
Hoang Nguyen, X. Bui, Quang-Hieu Tran, Q. L. Nguyen, Dinh-Hieu Vu, Van Hoa Pham, Q. Le, Phu Nguyen
The principal object of this study is blast-induced groundvibration (PPV), which is one of the dangerous side effects of blastingoperations in an open-pit mine. In this study, nine artificial neuralnetworks (ANN) models were developed to predict blast-induced PPV inNui Beo open-pit coal mine, Vietnam. Multiple linear regression and theUnited States Bureau of Mines (USBM) empirical techniques are alsoconducted to compare with nine developed ANN models. 136 blastingoperations were recorded in many years used for this study with 85% ofthe whole datasets (116 blasting events) was used for training and the rest15% of the datasets (20 blasting events) for testing. Root Mean SquareError (RMSE), Determination Coefficient (R2), and Mean Absolute Error(MAE) are used to compare and evaluate the performance of the models.The results revealed that ANN technique is more superior to othertechniques for estimating blast-induced PPV. Of the nine developed ANNmodels, the ANN 7-10-8-5-1 model with three hidden layers (ten neuronsin the first hidden layer, eight neurons in the second layers, and fiveneurons in the third hidden layer) provides the most outstandingperformance with an RMSE of 1.061, R2 of 0.980, and MAE of 0.717 ontesting datasets. Based on the obtained results, ANN technique should beapplied in preliminary engineering for estimating blast-induced PPV inopen-pit mine.
本研究的主要对象是爆破引起的地面振动(PPV),这是露天矿爆破作业的危险副作用之一。在本研究中,开发了九个人工神经网络(ANN)模型来预测越南Nui Beo露天煤矿爆炸诱发的PPV。多元线性回归和美国矿务局(USBM)的经验技术也被用来与九个开发的人工神经网络模型进行比较。在本研究中使用的多年中,记录了136次爆破操作,85%的数据集(116次爆破事件)用于训练,其余15%的数据集用于测试。均方根误差(RMSE)、确定系数(R2)和平均绝对误差(MAE)用于比较和评估模型的性能。结果表明,人工神经网络技术在估算爆破PPV方面优于其他技术。在九个已开发的ANN模型中,具有三个隐藏层的ANN 7-10-8-5-1模型(第一个隐藏层中有十个神经元,第二层中有八个神经元,以及第三个隐层中有五个神经元)提供了最出色的性能,RMSE为1.061,R2为0.980,MAE为0.717。根据研究结果,人工神经网络技术应用于矿井爆破PPV的初步估算。
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引用次数: 1
Determination of methane content at Maokhe coal mine from curent mining to -450 level in Vietnam 越南茂河煤矿目前开采至-450水平的甲烷含量测定
IF 0.3 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-13 DOI: 10.29227/im-2019-02-51
Nguyen Van Thinh, Nguyen Cao Khai, Nguyen Van Quang, Tran Xuan Ha
Methane gas is one of the most serious dangers of undergroundcoal mining as its buildup can lead to methane gas explosion. InQuangNinh province- Vietnam, several coal mines such as TrangKhe II-IIIcoal mine, Khe Cham coal mine, especially MaoKhe mine that have highmethane content. At the MaoKhe coal mine,experimental data showedthatthe concentration of methane in coal seams at different depths were notsimilar.In order to ensure safety, this report has been undertaken todetermine a pattern of changing methane contents of coal seams atdifferent exploitation depths in MaoKhe underground coal mine.
甲烷气体是地下煤矿开采中最严重的危害之一,其积聚可能导致甲烷气体爆炸。越南秦宁省,TrangKhe ii - iii煤矿、Khe Cham煤矿等几个煤矿,特别是MaoKhe煤矿甲烷含量较高。在茂河煤矿,实验数据表明,不同深度煤层中甲烷浓度不相似。为了确保安全,本报告确定了茂河地下煤矿不同开采深度煤层甲烷含量的变化规律。
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引用次数: 0
Study on some solutions for enlarging the application scope of the fully mechanized longwall coal mining technology according to seam dip angle at underground coal mines in Quang Ninh coalfield 广宁煤田地下煤矿根据煤层倾角扩大长壁综采技术应用范围的对策研究
IF 0.3 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-13 DOI: 10.29227/im-2019-02-54
Trung Nguyen Duc, W. Korzeniowski, K. Skrzypkowski, Nguyen PHAM TRUNG
The paper summarizes the applied experience, the technicalsolutions to limit the adverse effects of slope angle in the mechanizedlongwall mining at underground mines in the world. The paper proposessome solutions for enlarging the application field of the fully mechanizedlongwall mining technology according to seam dip angle at undergroundcoal mines belonging to Vinacomin. In the article exploitation methods ofcoal seams of medium to thick thickness with dip angle above 20° designedfor mechanized longwall were presented.
本文总结了国内外地下矿山机械化长壁开采的应用经验和限制边坡倾角不利影响的技术解决方案。根据越南国家石油公司所属地下煤矿的煤层倾角,提出了扩大综采长壁开采技术应用领域的解决方案。介绍了专为机械化长壁设计的倾角20°以上的中厚煤层的开采方法。
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引用次数: 0
Pure SiO2 extraction through aluminosilicates synthesis from incinerated solid wastes 从焚烧固体废物中合成铝硅酸盐提取纯SiO2
IF 0.3 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-13 DOI: 10.29227/im-2019-02-74
Dinh-Hieu Vu, X. Bui, Hoang-Bac Bui, T. T. D. Ngo
In this study, Pure SiO2 solution extraction from inceneratedsolid wastes following after aluminosilicate synthesis. The optimumconditions for obtaining both the pure SiO2 solution and the substantialamounts of unique residue material should be 200○C of reactiontemperature, 1:30 of sample:NaOH, 2M NaOH, and enough reaction timeover 24 hours. The optimization of the pure SiO2 extraction proposes aneffective way for recycling the abundant incinerated solid waste as well asother waste ashes.
在本研究中,从燃烧后的固体废物中提取纯SiO2溶液,然后进行硅酸铝合成。获得纯SiO2溶液和大量独特残留物的最佳条件为反应温度200ºC,样品:NaOH, 2M NaOH的比例为1:30,反应时间超过24小时。纯SiO2提取工艺的优化为丰富的焚烧固体废物及其他废灰的资源化利用提供了一条有效途径。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Inzynieria Mineralna-Journal of the Polish Mineral Engineering Society
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