Pub Date : 2022-07-28DOI: 10.17811/selim.27.2022.28-48
C. Lawhorn
The first half of Beowulf’s speech before the dragon fight (2425-2471) has often been referred to as the most pagan part of the poem, possibly containing an allusion to the god Odin and his sons Hothr and Baldr. This article, however, proposes a new Christian context for this passage, identifying, in Beowulf’s description of a hanged son on the gallows, a hitherto unnoticed allusion to Christ’s passion, evinced by a verbal association between the gallows and Christ in Old English poetry, and a broader syncretism between Odin, Baldr, and Christ in Viking-Age Anglo-Scandinavian culture. This allusion is consistent with other Christological references throughout Beowulf, subtly preserving the conceit of the characters’ pagan world while ironically accenting, in the minds of a Christian audience, the characters’ pathetic ignorance of Christ.
{"title":"What does Herebeald have to do with Christ?","authors":"C. Lawhorn","doi":"10.17811/selim.27.2022.28-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17811/selim.27.2022.28-48","url":null,"abstract":"The first half of Beowulf’s speech before the dragon fight (2425-2471) has often been referred to as the most pagan part of the poem, possibly containing an allusion to the god Odin and his sons Hothr and Baldr. This article, however, proposes a new Christian context for this passage, identifying, in Beowulf’s description of a hanged son on the gallows, a hitherto unnoticed allusion to Christ’s passion, evinced by a verbal association between the gallows and Christ in Old English poetry, and a broader syncretism between Odin, Baldr, and Christ in Viking-Age Anglo-Scandinavian culture. This allusion is consistent with other Christological references throughout Beowulf, subtly preserving the conceit of the characters’ pagan world while ironically accenting, in the minds of a Christian audience, the characters’ pathetic ignorance of Christ.","PeriodicalId":44450,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of English Studies","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79142160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
María Enriqueta Cortés de los Ríos, Isabel Negro Alousque
This paper presents a corpus-based analysis of printed eco-friendly car advertisements in English in line with the growing consumer interest in environmental issues and the development of green advertising. The aim of the research is threefold: 1) to unveil the content cognitive operations (for the purpose of this research, metonymy, metonymic chain, metaphoric amalgam and metaphor) underlying the ads and their modes of representation; 2) to examine the relationship between (i) these conceptual operations and the environmental claims made by advertisers, and (ii) the environmental claims made by advertisers and the text-image interaction. In this light, the paper yields two major findings: a) the cognitive operations underlying our corpus are usually rendered in the visual and verbal modes; b) the environmental claims underlying the ads correlate with the conceptual content and the text-image interplay. The conscious use of these mechanisms by advertisers can help the manner in which messages are interpreted.
{"title":"Cognitive Operations in Eco-friendly Car Advertising","authors":"María Enriqueta Cortés de los Ríos, Isabel Negro Alousque","doi":"10.6018/ijes.469131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6018/ijes.469131","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a corpus-based analysis of printed eco-friendly car advertisements in English in line with the growing consumer interest in environmental issues and the development of green advertising. The aim of the research is threefold: 1) to unveil the content cognitive operations (for the purpose of this research, metonymy, metonymic chain, metaphoric amalgam and metaphor) underlying the ads and their modes of representation; 2) to examine the relationship between (i) these conceptual operations and the environmental claims made by advertisers, and (ii) the environmental claims made by advertisers and the text-image interaction. In this light, the paper yields two major findings: a) the cognitive operations underlying our corpus are usually rendered in the visual and verbal modes; b) the environmental claims underlying the ads correlate with the conceptual content and the text-image interplay. The conscious use of these mechanisms by advertisers can help the manner in which messages are interpreted.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":44450,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of English Studies","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90989598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using Shakespeare’s criticism and archival theory as lenses, this article enlarges understandings of the interconnections between a complex television series and Shakespeare. Forming a Shakespearean archive, Sons of Anarchy (SOA), based on Hamlet and other plays by Shakespeare, is packed with Shakespearean allusions, rather than citations, whose impact in the overall work is yet to be explored. Shakespearean formations, identifiable in the series’ para-texts, episodes, and transmedia materials, add political weight to SOA. This intertextuality invites us to regard Shakespeare’s influence in complex television as transformative.
{"title":"Hamlet Goes Legit","authors":"Víctor Huertas-Martín","doi":"10.6018/ijes.490781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6018/ijes.490781","url":null,"abstract":"Using Shakespeare’s criticism and archival theory as lenses, this article enlarges understandings of the interconnections between a complex television series and Shakespeare. Forming a Shakespearean archive, Sons of Anarchy (SOA), based on Hamlet and other plays by Shakespeare, is packed with Shakespearean allusions, rather than citations, whose impact in the overall work is yet to be explored. Shakespearean formations, identifiable in the series’ para-texts, episodes, and transmedia materials, add political weight to SOA. This intertextuality invites us to regard Shakespeare’s influence in complex television as transformative.","PeriodicalId":44450,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of English Studies","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88827283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article analyzes the strange eco-cosmopolitan detective attributes of Ivon, the protagonist in Alicia Gaspar de Alba’s 2005 novel Desert Blood: The Juárez Murders. Through this willful, queer, and feminist mestiza character, who continually trespasses and transgresses cultural borders, Gaspar de Alba challenges the standards of crime fiction in numerous ways, as argued in this paper. Moreover, she also manages to expose the transnational dimension of the exploitation, mistreatment, and even murder of women in Ciudad Juárez. Simultaneously, Ivon’s eco-cosmopolitanism acknowledges how the expendability thinking of free trade that partly sanctions the murder of women, also results in the environmental degradation of, and the free flow of toxins and pollution in the border. Ultimately, Ivon’s strange, eco-cosmopolitan investigative traits, serve as the tools to break the silence and start confronting the feminicides in Ciudad Juárez as well as the socio-environmental exploitation of the US-Mexico border region, fostering a positive socio-environmental change.
{"title":"Breaking the Silence","authors":"M. Pérez-Ramos","doi":"10.6018/ijes.477221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6018/ijes.477221","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes the strange eco-cosmopolitan detective attributes of Ivon, the protagonist in Alicia Gaspar de Alba’s 2005 novel Desert Blood: The Juárez Murders. Through this willful, queer, and feminist mestiza character, who continually trespasses and transgresses cultural borders, Gaspar de Alba challenges the standards of crime fiction in numerous ways, as argued in this paper. Moreover, she also manages to expose the transnational dimension of the exploitation, mistreatment, and even murder of women in Ciudad Juárez. Simultaneously, Ivon’s eco-cosmopolitanism acknowledges how the expendability thinking of free trade that partly sanctions the murder of women, also results in the environmental degradation of, and the free flow of toxins and pollution in the border. Ultimately, Ivon’s strange, eco-cosmopolitan investigative traits, serve as the tools to break the silence and start confronting the feminicides in Ciudad Juárez as well as the socio-environmental exploitation of the US-Mexico border region, fostering a positive socio-environmental change.","PeriodicalId":44450,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of English Studies","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85903801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The object of this study is to explore the relationship between 'home' and the decline of ethnic identity in the female characters of Bharati Mukherjee's collection of short stories Darkness (1985). This paper argues that while it is generally accepted that diaspora entails a questioning of a sense of belonging (Kennedy, 2014: 12), for Bharati Mukherjee, "the price that the immigrant willingly pays, and that the exile avoids, is the trauma of self-transformation" ("Two ways to belong in America", 1996). This article seeks to contextualize the Indian diaspora in its roots and routes, proving an inextricable link with gendering of the concept of 'home' in Bhattacharjee (1996). The introduction is underpinned by a theoretical framework on diaspora namely South Asian female migrants in the United States, and an analysis of the Indian concept of nation, from which the literary assessment departs.
{"title":"Approaching 'Home' in Bharati Mukherjee’s Darkness","authors":"A. C. Crespo Gómez","doi":"10.6018/ijes.494731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6018/ijes.494731","url":null,"abstract":"The object of this study is to explore the relationship between 'home' and the decline of ethnic identity in the female characters of Bharati Mukherjee's collection of short stories Darkness (1985). This paper argues that while it is generally accepted that diaspora entails a questioning of a sense of belonging (Kennedy, 2014: 12), for Bharati Mukherjee, \"the price that the immigrant willingly pays, and that the exile avoids, is the trauma of self-transformation\" (\"Two ways to belong in America\", 1996). This article seeks to contextualize the Indian diaspora in its roots and routes, proving an inextricable link with gendering of the concept of 'home' in Bhattacharjee (1996). The introduction is underpinned by a theoretical framework on diaspora namely South Asian female migrants in the United States, and an analysis of the Indian concept of nation, from which the literary assessment departs.","PeriodicalId":44450,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of English Studies","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80449063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pivoting around the contrast between Jack Kerouac’s On the Road (1957) and Tim Z. Hernandez’s Mañana Means Heaven (2013), this article reopens debates about ethnic appropriation and rhetorical control in the Beat Generation. More specifically, it sets out to investigate whether the textual strategies used in Mañana Means Heaven allow ethnic minorities to escape the discursive control exerted by On the Road. Keeping in mind that Hernandez’s text acts as a counter-discursive text to Kerouac’s representation of Bea Franco (aka “the Mexican girl”) this article analyzes the different dialogues Mañana Means Heaven necessarily establishes with On the Road, which often include alliances as well as points of departure.
本文围绕杰克·凯鲁亚克(Jack Kerouac)的《在路上》(1957)和蒂姆·z·埃尔南德斯(Tim Z. Hernandez)的《Mañana意味着天堂》(2013)的对比，重新开启了关于“垮掉的一代”中种族挪用和修辞控制的辩论。更具体地说，本文旨在探讨《Mañana Means Heaven》使用的文本策略是否允许少数民族逃避《在路上》施加的话语控制。记住，埃尔南德斯的文本是凯鲁亚克对Bea Franco(又名“墨西哥女孩”)的反话语文本，这篇文章分析了不同的对话Mañana意味着天堂必须与《在路上》建立起来，这通常包括联盟和出发点。
{"title":"Ethnicity and Gender in the Beat Generation","authors":"Estíbaliz Encarnación-Pinedo","doi":"10.6018/ijes.477981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6018/ijes.477981","url":null,"abstract":"Pivoting around the contrast between Jack Kerouac’s On the Road (1957) and Tim Z. Hernandez’s Mañana Means Heaven (2013), this article reopens debates about ethnic appropriation and rhetorical control in the Beat Generation. More specifically, it sets out to investigate whether the textual strategies used in Mañana Means Heaven allow ethnic minorities to escape the discursive control exerted by On the Road. Keeping in mind that Hernandez’s text acts as a counter-discursive text to Kerouac’s representation of Bea Franco (aka “the Mexican girl”) this article analyzes the different dialogues Mañana Means Heaven necessarily establishes with On the Road, which often include alliances as well as points of departure.","PeriodicalId":44450,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of English Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82924476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the effects of globalisation has been population mobility as a result of famine, climate warming and war conflicts, among other things. This flow of refugees, however, is often seen as a menace to the rule of law and human rights concomitant with the Western lifestyle. Refugees are no longer regarded as human beings and victims, but rather as danger, even as potential terrorists, which has led many governments, including the Australian, to detain them indefinitely in detention centres where they are confined in inhuman conditions. The main aim of this paper will be to describe Australian immigration policies and how contemporary Australian narratives on and by refugees are reflecting this situation, mainly by analysing a selection of texts from three recently published collections, namely, A Country Too Far (2013), They Cannot Take the Sky (2017) and Seabirds Crying in the Harbour Dark (2017), and Behrouz Boochani’s No Friend but the Mountains (2018).
{"title":"Refugee Policies and Narratives in the Globalised Era","authors":"Dolores Herrero","doi":"10.6018/ijes.437691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6018/ijes.437691","url":null,"abstract":"One of the effects of globalisation has been population mobility as a result of famine, climate warming and war conflicts, among other things. This flow of refugees, however, is often seen as a menace to the rule of law and human rights concomitant with the Western lifestyle. Refugees are no longer regarded as human beings and victims, but rather as danger, even as potential terrorists, which has led many governments, including the Australian, to detain them indefinitely in detention centres where they are confined in inhuman conditions. The main aim of this paper will be to describe Australian immigration policies and how contemporary Australian narratives on and by refugees are reflecting this situation, mainly by analysing a selection of texts from three recently published collections, namely, A Country Too Far (2013), They Cannot Take the Sky (2017) and Seabirds Crying in the Harbour Dark (2017), and Behrouz Boochani’s No Friend but the Mountains (2018).","PeriodicalId":44450,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of English Studies","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90167145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studies on multi-stage writing tasks with adults and children have shown that model texts and task repetition aid language acquisition, especially when learners work in collaboration. However, these studies have not included measures of task motivation, which is vital in young learners (YLs) and could help develop a more comprehensive understanding of task effectiveness. The present study analyses task motivation in 24 EFL YLs writing in pairs during three sessions divided into a model group (MG) and a task repetition group (TRG). Results show that students’ task motivation is high in general but declines in the MG while it is maintained in the TRG. As for the motives, working together is the main reason students give to justify their positive scores. These results complete previous knowledge about models and TR, reinforce the value of collaborative writing and encourage the inclusion of motivation measures in task-based research.
{"title":"Are EFL Writers Motivated or Demotivated by Model Texts and Task Repetition? Evidence from Young Collaborative Writers","authors":"Amparo Lázaro-Ibarrola, Izaskun Villarreal","doi":"10.6018/ijes.466401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6018/ijes.466401","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on multi-stage writing tasks with adults and children have shown that model texts and task repetition aid language acquisition, especially when learners work in collaboration. However, these studies have not included measures of task motivation, which is vital in young learners (YLs) and could help develop a more comprehensive understanding of task effectiveness. The present study analyses task motivation in 24 EFL YLs writing in pairs during three sessions divided into a model group (MG) and a task repetition group (TRG). Results show that students’ task motivation is high in general but declines in the MG while it is maintained in the TRG. As for the motives, working together is the main reason students give to justify their positive scores. These results complete previous knowledge about models and TR, reinforce the value of collaborative writing and encourage the inclusion of motivation measures in task-based research.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":44450,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of English Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80182102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the current study, data from A Corpus of English Dialogues (1560-1760) are used to consider contexts with the have-perfect and temporal adverbs of the definite past time such as yesterday, last night, ago. Data analysis is conducted within the framework of a usage-based approach, which gives evidence to the hypothesis that in Early Modern English the have-perfect in spoken register was gradually developing perfective semantics and that it followed the stages of generalization of meaning depending on the degree of event remoteness. Investigation of the instances where the have-perfect is used in narrative passages shows that the have-perfect in such contexts does not lose its pragmatic component of current relevance but is employed to highlight a crucial event out of a chain of past events. The paper proposes the hypothesis that the main mechanism preventing the have-perfect from further aoristicization is the operation of syntactic analogy within the syntactic paradigm of the present perfect, which had already fully developed by the time of Early Modern English.
{"title":"Aoristic Drift and Narrative Perfect in Early Modern English","authors":"Vladimir Bondar","doi":"10.6018/ijes.467671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6018/ijes.467671","url":null,"abstract":"In the current study, data from A Corpus of English Dialogues (1560-1760) are used to consider contexts with the have-perfect and temporal adverbs of the definite past time such as yesterday, last night, ago. Data analysis is conducted within the framework of a usage-based approach, which gives evidence to the hypothesis that in Early Modern English the have-perfect in spoken register was gradually developing perfective semantics and that it followed the stages of generalization of meaning depending on the degree of event remoteness. Investigation of the instances where the have-perfect is used in narrative passages shows that the have-perfect in such contexts does not lose its pragmatic component of current relevance but is employed to highlight a crucial event out of a chain of past events. The paper proposes the hypothesis that the main mechanism preventing the have-perfect from further aoristicization is the operation of syntactic analogy within the syntactic paradigm of the present perfect, which had already fully developed by the time of Early Modern English.","PeriodicalId":44450,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of English Studies","volume":"24 1","pages":"57-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138534310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article discusses how John Keats’s biography and poetry exerted influence on the development of the plot, structure, protagonists and metaphorical framework of Patrick McGrath’s novel Dr Haggard’s Disease (1993). Furthermore, it contends that the novel does not simply aim to pay tribute to Keats or to function as a literary emulation or even mimicry of Keats’s life and oeuvre. Instead, the novel suggests a postmodernist comment on Keatsian Romanticism as expressed in Keats’s poetry. An interpretation of Dr Haggard’s Disease as historiographic metafiction with an emphasis on the intertextual links between McGrath’s novel and Keats’s work makes clear that the novel’s narrator and protagonist, Edward Haggard, by way of subversion and distortion devaluates the Keatsian dichotomies of real/ideal and Truth/Beauty.
{"title":"Keats's Haggard Shadow","authors":"J. Vermeulen","doi":"10.6018/ijes.440401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6018/ijes.440401","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses how John Keats’s biography and poetry exerted influence on the development of the plot, structure, protagonists and metaphorical framework of Patrick McGrath’s novel Dr Haggard’s Disease (1993). Furthermore, it contends that the novel does not simply aim to pay tribute to Keats or to function as a literary emulation or even mimicry of Keats’s life and oeuvre. Instead, the novel suggests a postmodernist comment on Keatsian Romanticism as expressed in Keats’s poetry. An interpretation of Dr Haggard’s Disease as historiographic metafiction with an emphasis on the intertextual links between McGrath’s novel and Keats’s work makes clear that the novel’s narrator and protagonist, Edward Haggard, by way of subversion and distortion devaluates the Keatsian dichotomies of real/ideal and Truth/Beauty.","PeriodicalId":44450,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of English Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73695793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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