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Templates of expected measurement uncertainties for neutron-induced capture and charged-particle production cross section observables 中子诱导捕获和带电粒子产生的截面观测值的预期测量不确定度模板
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/epjn/2023015
Amanda M. Lewis, Denise Neudecker, Allan D. Carlson, Donald L. Smith, Ian Thompson, Anton Wallner, Devin P. Barry, Lee A. Bernstein, Robert C. Block, Stephen Croft, Yaron Danon, Manfred Drosg, Robert C. Haight, Michal W. Herman, Hye Young Lee, Naohiko Otuka, Henrik Sjöstrand, Vladimir Sobes
This paper provides a template of expected uncertainties and correlations for measurements of neutron-induced capture and charged-particle production cross sections. Measurements performed in-beam include total absorption spectroscopy, total energy detection, γ -ray spectroscopy, and direct charged-particle detection. Offline measurements include activation analysis and accelerator mass spectrometry. The information needed for proper use of the datasets in resonance region and high energy region evaluations is described, and recommended uncertainties are provided when specific values are not available for a dataset.
本文为中子诱导俘获和带电粒子产生截面的测量提供了一个预期不确定性和相关性的模板。在光束中进行的测量包括总吸收光谱,总能量检测,γ射线光谱和直接带电粒子检测。离线测量包括活化分析和加速器质谱分析。描述了在共振区和高能区评估中正确使用数据集所需的信息,并在数据集无法获得特定值时提供了推荐的不确定度。
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引用次数: 2
Templates of expected measurement uncertainties 预期测量不确定度模板
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/epjn/2023014
Denise Neudecker, A.M. Lewis, E.F. Matthews, J. Vanhoy, R.C. Haight, D.L. Smith, P. Talou, S. Croft, A.D. Carlson, B. Pierson, A. Wallner, Ali Al-Adili, Leslie Bernstein, R. Capote, Matthew J. Devlin, M. Drosg, D.L. Duke, S. Finch, M.W. Herman, K.J. Kelly, A. Koning, A.E. Lovell, Paola Marini, K. Montoya, G.P.A. Nobre, M. Paris, B. Pritychenko, H. Sjöstrand, L. Snyder, V. Sobes, A. Solders, Julien Taieb
The covariance committee of CSEWG (Cross Section Evaluation Working Group) established templates of expected measurement uncertainties for neutron-induced total, (n, γ ), neutron-induced charged-particle, and (n,xn) reaction cross sections as well as prompt fission neutron spectra, average prompt and total fission neutron multiplicities, and fission yields. Templates provide a list of what uncertainty sources are expected for each measurement type and observable, and suggest typical ranges of these uncertainties and correlations based on a survey of experimental data, associated literature, and feedback from experimenters. Information needed to faithfully include the experimental data in the nuclear-data evaluation process is also provided. These templates could assist (a) experimenters and EXFOR compilers in delivering more complete uncertainties and measurement information relevant for evaluations of new experimental data, and (b) evaluators in achieving a more comprehensive uncertainty quantification for evaluation purposes. This effort might ultimately lead to more realistic evaluated covariances for nuclear-data applications. In this topical issue, we cover the templates coming out of this CSEWG effort–typically, one observable per paper. This paper here prefaces this topical issue by introducing the concept and mathematical framework of templates, discussing potential use cases, and giving an example of how they can be applied (estimating missing experimental uncertainties of 235 U(n,f) average prompt fission neutron multiplicities), and their impact on nuclear-data evaluations.
CSEWG(截面评估工作组)协方差委员会建立了中子诱导总、(n, γ)、中子诱导带电粒子和(n,xn)反应截面的预期测量不确定度模板,以及提示裂变中子谱、平均提示和总裂变中子多重度和裂变产额。模板提供了每种测量类型和可观测值的不确定性源的列表,并根据对实验数据、相关文献和实验者反馈的调查建议了这些不确定性和相关性的典型范围。还提供了在核数据评价过程中忠实地包括实验数据所需的资料。这些模板可以帮助实验者和EXFOR编译者提供与新实验数据评估相关的更完整的不确定度和测量信息,以及(b)评估者为评估目的实现更全面的不确定度量化。这一努力可能最终为核数据应用带来更现实的协方差评估。在本期专题中,我们将介绍CSEWG工作产生的模板—通常每篇论文一个可观察对象。本文介绍了模板的概念和数学框架,讨论了潜在的用例,并给出了一个如何应用模板的例子(估计235 U(n,f)平均裂变中子增殖率的缺失实验不确定性),以及它们对核数据评估的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Templates of expected measurement uncertainties for (n, xn) cross sections (n, xn)截面的预期测量不确定度模板
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/epjn/2023019
Jeffrey R. Vanhoy, Robert C. Haight, Sally F. Hicks, Matthew Devlin, Denise Neudecker, Michal Herman, Arjan Koning, Keegan J. Kelly, Ian Thompson
A template is provided for evaluating experimental uncertainties for neutron elastic and inelastic scattering cross sections and γ -ray production cross sections from (n, xn) measurements at laboratories with monoenergetic or white neutron sources. A typical range of uncertainties is presented for experiments detecting the scattered neutrons or the resulting de-excitation γ rays based on a survey of available data and input from many experimentalists and theorists with extensive knowledge in the field. Models commonly used to evaluate the resulting cross-sections are also discussed. Suggestions are made regarding what experimental and uncertainty information is needed for data evaluations and should be included when reporting experimental (n, xn) cross sections. Uncertainty values and correlations are recommended if these values cannot be estimated for past data from the literature.
本文提供了一个模板,用于评估单能或白中子源实验室(n, xn)测量的中子弹性和非弹性散射截面和γ射线产生截面的实验不确定性。根据对现有数据的调查和许多在该领域具有广泛知识的实验学家和理论家的输入,提出了探测散射中子或由此产生的去激发γ射线的典型不确定性范围。还讨论了通常用于评估所得截面的模型。对数据评估需要哪些实验和不确定度信息提出了建议,并在报告实验(n, xn)截面时应包括这些信息。如果不确定性值和相关性不能从文献中估计出来,建议使用不确定性值和相关性。
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引用次数: 2
Templates of expected measurement uncertainties for average prompt and total fission neutron multiplicities 平均裂变中子增殖率和总裂变中子增殖率的预期测量不确定度模板
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/epjn/2023016
Denise Neudecker, A.D. Carlson, S. Croft, A.E Lovell, Matthew J. Devlin, Keegan J. Kelly, Julien Taieb, Paola Marini
In this paper, we provide templates of measurement uncertainty sources expected to appear for average prompt- and total-fission neutron multiplicities, $ overlinenu_p $ and $ overlinenu_t $ , for the following measurement types: absolute manganese-bath experiments for $ overlinenu_t $ , absolute and ratio liquid-scintillator measurements for $ overlinenu_p $ . These templates also suggest a typical range of these uncertainties and their correlations based on a survey of available experimental data, associated literature, and feedback from experimentalists. In addition, the information needed to faithfully include the associated experimental data into the nuclear-data evaluation process is provided.
在本文中,我们为以下测量类型提供了测量不确定度源的模板,这些不确定度源预计会出现在平均裂变和总裂变中子多重度$ overlinenu_p $和$ overlinenu_t $中:对于$ overlinenu_t $的绝对锰浴实验,对于$ overlinenu_p $的绝对和比例液体闪烁体测量。这些模板还根据对现有实验数据、相关文献和实验人员反馈的调查,提出了这些不确定性及其相关性的典型范围。此外,还提供了将有关实验数据忠实地纳入核数据评价过程所需的资料。
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引用次数: 3
Templates of expected measurement uncertainties for total neutron cross-section observables 总中子截面可观测物的预期测量不确定度模板
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/epjn/2023018
Amanda M. Lewis, Allan D. Carlson, Donald L. Smith, Devin P. Barry, Robert C. Block, Stephen Croft, Yaron Danon, Manfred Drosg, Michal W. Herman, Denise Neudecker, Naohiko Otuka, Henrik Sjöstrand, Vladimir Sobes
This paper provides a template of expected uncertainties and correlations for measurements of total neutron cross-section observables by transmission. Measurements with time-of-flight and mono-energetic neutron sources are covered. The information required for evaluations in the resonance region and high energy region is detailed, along with the template of uncertainties and correlations that can be used in the absence of other information.
本文为透射法测量总中子截面观测值提供了一个期望不确定度和相关性的模板。包括飞行时间和单能量中子源的测量。详细介绍了在共振区和高能区进行评价所需的信息,以及在没有其他信息时可以使用的不确定性和相关性模板。
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引用次数: 1
Technical note: stable and unstable reactors 技术说明:稳定和不稳定反应堆
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/epjn/2023017
Bertrand Mercier, Volodymyr Borysenko
It is well known that a reactor is stable if the core reactivity decreases with the core power. This is the case for many types of reactors, including the PWR. However, this was not the case for the RBMK (Reaktor Bolshoy Moshchnosti Kanalniy) which could be unstable at low power. What does it mean precisely? By using a 2 × 2 system of non-linear ordinary differential equations we show that naturally (i.e. without using the control rods), with the same reactivity injection, if the initial power is lowered, then the final power may be higher, which is a rather unusual behaviour.
众所周知,如果堆芯的反应性随堆芯功率的减小而减小,那么反应堆就是稳定的。包括压水堆在内的许多类型的反应堆都是如此。然而,RBMK (Reaktor Bolshoy Moshchnosti Kanalniy)在低功率下可能不稳定,情况并非如此。它到底是什么意思?通过使用非线性常微分方程的2 × 2系统,我们自然地(即不使用控制棒)表明,在相同的反应性注入下,如果初始功率降低,那么最终功率可能更高,这是一个相当不寻常的行为。
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引用次数: 0
Templates of expected measurement uncertainties for prompt fission neutron spectra 裂变中子谱的预期测量不确定度模板
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/epjn/2023013
Denise Neudecker, Matthew J. Devlin, R.C. Haight, K.J. Kelly, Paola Marini, A.D. Carlson, Julien Taieb, M.C. White
In this paper, we provide templates of uncertainty sources expected to appear for three measurement types of prompt fission neutron spectra (PFNS): (1) shape measurements, (2) clean-ratio shape, that is the monitor PFNS are measured in nearly exactly the same surrounding as the PFNS of interest, and (3) indirect ratios, where the detector efficiency is backed out from PFNS monitor measurements. Information is also listed that is needed to faithfully include PFNS in nuclear data evaluations to guide experimenters on how to best report data and metadata for their measurements. These templates also suggest a typical range of pertinent uncertainty values and their correlations in case realistic uncertainties cannot be estimated from information on the measurement itself. The templates were based on a literature review, information found in EXFOR for 252 Cf, 235, 238 U, and 239 Pu PFNS, and enhanced by expertise from experimenters contributing to these PFNS templates.
在本文中,我们提供了三种提示裂变中子能谱(PFNS)测量类型的不确定度源模板:(1)形状测量,(2)清洁比形状,即监测器PFNS在与感兴趣的PFNS几乎完全相同的环境中测量,以及(3)间接比,其中探测器效率从PFNS监测器测量中提取出来。还列出了在核数据评估中忠实地包括PFNS所需的信息,以指导实验人员如何最好地报告其测量数据和元数据。如果不能从测量本身的信息估计实际的不确定度,这些模板还建议了相关不确定度值的典型范围及其相关性。模板基于文献综述,EXFOR中发现的252cf、235u、238u和233pu PFNS的信息,并由参与这些PFNS模板的实验人员的专业知识进行了增强。
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引用次数: 2
DONJON5/CLASS coupled simulations of MOX/UO2 heterogeneous PWR core MOX/UO2非均质压水堆堆芯的DONJON5/CLASS耦合模拟
IF 0.5 Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/epjn/2021030
Maxime Paradis, X. Doligez, G. Marleau, M. Ernoult, N. Thiollière
Most fuel cycle simulation tools are based either on fixed recipes or assembly calculations for reactor modeling. Due to the high number of calculations and extensive computational power requirements, full-core computations are often seen as not viable for this purpose. However, this leads to additional hypotheses and modeling biases, thus limiting the realism of the resulting fuel cycle. For several applications, the current modeling method is sufficient, but precise calculations of discharged fuel composition may require further refinements. CLASS (Core Library for Advanced Simulation Scenarios) is a dynamic fuel cycle simulation code developed since 2012 with reactor models based on neural networks to produce nuclear data and physical quantities. Past work has shown a first coupling between CLASS and DONJON5 to quantify neural networks approach biases. This work assesses the applicability of 3D full-core diffusion calculations using the DONJON5 code coupled with nuclear scenario simulations involving a realistic PWR core at equilibrium cycle conditions. DONJON5 interpolates burnup dependent diffusion coefficients and cross sections generated beforehand by DRAGON5, a deterministic lattice calculation tool. Whereas previous studies considered only homogeneous reactors (i.e. homogeneous assembly in terms of composition and enrichment as well as homogeneous core), the present contribution focuses on the integration of full-core calculations in CLASS for fuel cycles involving a MOX/UO2 PWR core (i.e. 1/3 MOx–2/3 UOx). The DONJON5 model considered in this work describes a core with critical boron concentration at each time step partially loaded with MOx heterogeneous assemblies composed of three enrichments. In fuel cycle calculations, the main issue is to adapt, in the fabrication stage, the fresh fuel composition for the reactor with regards to the isotopic composition of the available stocks. This work presents a fuel loading model based on power peaking factors minimization that respects irradiation cycle length, 235U enrichment as well as Pu concentration and fissile quality, hence, ensuring a more uniform power distribution in the core.
大多数燃料循环模拟工具要么基于固定配方,要么基于反应堆建模的装配计算。由于大量的计算和广泛的计算能力需求,全核计算通常被认为是不可行的。然而,这会导致额外的假设和建模偏差,从而限制了最终燃料循环的真实性。对于一些应用,目前的建模方法是足够的,但排放燃料成分的精确计算可能需要进一步的改进。CLASS(高级模拟场景核心库)是自2012年以来开发的动态燃料循环模拟代码,基于神经网络的反应堆模型,用于生成核数据和物理量。过去的研究表明,CLASS和DONJON5之间的首次耦合可以量化神经网络方法的偏差。这项工作评估了3D全堆扩散计算的适用性,使用DONJON5代码结合核情景模拟,包括一个现实的压水堆堆芯在平衡循环条件下。DONJON5插值了由确定性晶格计算工具DRAGON5事先生成的与燃耗相关的扩散系数和截面。以前的研究只考虑了均质反应堆(即在组成和富集方面均质装配以及均质堆芯),而目前的贡献侧重于在CLASS中集成涉及MOX/UO2压水堆堆芯(即1/3 MOX - 2/3 UOx)的燃料循环的全堆计算。本工作中考虑的DONJON5模型描述了在每个时间步具有临界硼浓度的核心,部分装载由三种富集组成的MOx非均相组件。在燃料循环计算中,主要问题是在制造阶段使反应堆的新鲜燃料成分与可用燃料的同位素组成相适应。本文提出了一种基于功率峰值因子最小化的燃料加载模型,该模型考虑了辐照周期长度、235U富集、Pu浓度和裂变质量,从而确保了堆芯中更均匀的功率分布。
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引用次数: 2
Impact of H in H2O thermal scattering data on criticality calculation: uncertainty and adjustment H in H2O热散射数据对临界计算的影响:不确定性和调整
IF 0.5 Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/epjn/2021028
D. Rochman, A. Vasiliev, H. Ferroukhi, A. Koning, J. Sublet
In this paper, the impact of the thermal scattering data for H in H20 is estimated on criticality benchmarks, based on the variations of the CAB model parameters. The Total Monte Carlo method for uncertainty propagation is applied for 63 keff criticality cases, sensitive to H in H20. It is found that their impact is of a few tenth of pcm, up to 300 pcm maximum, and showing highly non-linear distributions. In a second step, an adjustment is proposed for these thermal scattering data, leading to a better agreement between calculated and experimental keff values, following an increase of scattering contribution. This work falls into the global approach of combining advanced theoretical modelling of nuclear data, followed by possible adjustment in order to improve the performances of a nuclear data library.
本文基于CAB模型参数的变化,在临界基准上估计了热散射数据对H20中H的影响。不确定性传播的全蒙特卡罗方法应用于63个临界情况,对H20中的H敏感。研究发现,它们的影响仅为pcm的十分之一,最大可达300pcm,且呈高度非线性分布。第二步,在散射贡献增加后,对这些热散射数据进行调整,使计算值和实验值之间的一致性更好。这项工作属于将核数据的先进理论建模结合起来的全球方法,然后进行可能的调整,以提高核数据库的性能。
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引用次数: 4
A new tool for the simulation of different nuclear fleets at equilibrium 一个新的工具,模拟不同的核舰队在平衡状态
IF 0.5 Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/epjn/2021025
Heddy Barale, Camille Laguerre, Paul Sabatini, F. Courtin, K. Tirel, G. Martin
Scenario simulations are the main tool for studying the impact of a nuclear reactor fleet on the related fuel cycle facilities. This equilibrium preliminary study aims to present the functionalities of a new tool and to show the wide variety of reactors/cycles/strategies that can be studied in steady state conditions and validated with more details thanks to dynamic code. Different types of scenario simulation tools have been developed at CEA over the years, this study focuses on dynamic and equilibrium codes. Dynamic fuel cycle simulation code models the ingoing and outgoing material flow in all the facilities of a nuclear reactor fleet and their evolutions through the different nuclear processes over a given period of time. Equilibrium fuel cycle simulation code models advanced nuclear fuel cycles in equilibrium conditions, i.e. in conditions which stabilize selected nuclear inventories such as spent nuclear fuel constituents, plutonium or some minor actinides. The principle of this work is to analyze different nuclear reactors (PWR, AMR) and several fuel types (UOX, MOX, ERU, MIX) to simulate advanced nuclear fleet with partial and fully plutonium and uranium multi-recycling strategies at equilibrium. At this first stage, selected results are compared with COSI6 simulations in order to evaluate the precision of this new tool, showing a significant general agreement.
情景模拟是研究核反应堆机群对相关燃料循环设施影响的主要工具。这项平衡初步研究旨在展示一种新工具的功能,并展示各种各样的反应器/循环/策略,这些反应器/循环/策略可以在稳态条件下进行研究,并通过动态代码进行更详细的验证。多年来,CEA开发了不同类型的情景模拟工具,本研究侧重于动态和平衡代码。动态燃料循环仿真程序模拟了核反应堆机群内所有设施的进出料流及其在一定时间内不同核过程的演变过程。平衡燃料循环模拟代码在平衡条件下模拟先进的核燃料循环,即在稳定选定的核库存(如乏核燃料成分、钚或一些次要锕系元素)的条件下。本工作的原理是分析不同的核反应堆(压水堆,AMR)和几种燃料类型(UOX, MOX, ERU, MIX),以模拟具有部分和完全钚和铀平衡多重回收策略的先进核舰队。在第一阶段,将选择的结果与COSI6模拟进行比较,以评估该新工具的精度,显示出显着的总体一致性。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
EPJ Nuclear Sciences & Technologies
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