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Partitioning and transmutation strategy R&D for nuclear spent fuel: the SACSESS and GENIORS projects 核乏燃料分区与嬗变策略研发:SACSESS与genors项目
IF 0.5 Q3 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/epjn/2019009
S. Bourg, A. Geist, J. Adnet, C. Rhodes, B. Hanson
Processes such as PUREX allow the recovery and reuse of the uranium and the plutonium of GEN II/GEN III reactors and are being adapted for the recycling of the uranium and the plutonium of GEN IV MOX fuels. However, it does not fix the sensitive issue of the long-term management of the high active nuclear waste (HAW). Indeed, only the recovery and the transmutation of the minor actinides can reduce this burden down to a few hundreds of years. In this context, and in the continuity of the FP7 EURATOM SACSESS project, GENIORS focuses on the reprocessing of MOX fuel containing minor actinides, taking into account safety issues under normal and mal-operation. By implementing a three-step approach (reinforcement of the scientific knowledge => process development and testing => system studies, safety and integration), GENIORS will provide more science-based strategies for nuclear fuel management in the EU.
PUREX等工艺允许回收和再利用第二代/第三代反应堆的铀和钚,并正在适应第四代MOX燃料的铀和钚的再循环。然而,它并没有解决高活性核废料长期管理的敏感问题。事实上,只有少量锕系元素的恢复和嬗变才能将这一负担减少到几百年。在这种情况下,并在FP7 EURATOM SACSESS项目的连续性中,genors将重点放在含有少量锕系元素的MOX燃料的后处理上,同时考虑到正常和非正常操作下的安全问题。通过实施三步走的方法(加强科学知识=>过程开发和测试=>系统研究、安全和整合),genior将为欧盟的核燃料管理提供更多基于科学的战略。
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引用次数: 13
Euratom success stories in facilitating pan-European education and training collaborative efforts 欧洲原子能共同体在促进泛欧教育和培训合作努力方面的成功故事
IF 0.5 Q3 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/epjn/2019016
R. Garbil
The European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) Research and Training framework programmes are benefitting from a consistent success in pursuing excellence in research and facilitating Pan European collaborative efforts across a broad range of nuclear science and technologies, nuclear fission and radiation protection. To fulfil Euratom R&D programmes key objectives of maintaining high levels of nuclear knowledge and building a more dynamic and competitive European industry, promotion of Pan-European mobility of researchers are implemented by co-financing transnational access to research infrastructures and joint research activities through Research and Innovation and Coordination and Support Actions' funding schemes. Establishment by the research community of European technology platforms are being capitalised. Mapping of research infrastructures and E&T capabilities is allowing a closer cooperation within the European Union and beyond, benefiting from multilateral international agreements and from closer cooperation between Euratom, OECD/NEA, IAEA and international fora. ‘Euratom success stories' in facilitating Pan-European E&T collaborative efforts through Research and Training framework programmes show the benefits of research efforts in key fields, of building an effective ‘critical mass’ and implementing European MSc curricula, of promoting the creation of ‘Centre of Excellence’ with an increased support for ‘Open access to key research infrastructures’, exploitation of research results, management of knowledge, dissemination and sharing of learning outcomes.
欧洲原子能共同体(Euratom)研究和培训框架方案在追求卓越的研究和促进泛欧在广泛的核科学和技术、核裂变和辐射防护方面的合作努力方面不断取得成功,从中受益。为了实现欧洲原子能机构研发计划的关键目标,即保持高水平的核知识和建立一个更具活力和竞争力的欧洲工业,通过研究与创新和协调与支持行动的资助计划,通过共同资助跨国获得研究基础设施和联合研究活动,促进泛欧研究人员的流动性。由研究界建立的欧洲技术平台正在资本化。研究基础设施和E&T能力的映射使欧盟内外的合作更加密切,受益于多边国际协议以及欧洲原子能共同体、经合组织/NEA、原子能机构和国际论坛之间的更密切合作。“Euratom成功案例”通过研究和培训框架项目促进泛欧E&T合作努力,展示了在关键领域的研究努力的好处,建立有效的“临界质量”和实施欧洲硕士课程,促进“卓越中心”的创建,增加对“关键研究基础设施的开放获取”的支持,研究成果的利用,知识管理,传播和分享学习成果。
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引用次数: 1
UC1 sampling plan, liquid waste storage tanks, JRC Ispra UC1取样计划,废液储罐,JRC Ispra
IF 0.5 Q3 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/epjn/2019043
G. V. Oertzen, O. Nitzsche, Artur Hashymov
The objective of INSIDER work package 3 (WP 3) is to draft a sampling guide for initial nuclear site characterization in constrained environments, based on a statistical approach. In this paper, deliverable 3.4 (D 3.4) is presented for WP 3, where the strategy developed in deliverables 3.1 (D 3.1) to 3.3 (D 3.3) is applied to the first of three reference use cases representative of existing decommissioning scenarios. The present discussion focuses on use case 1 (UC1): the liquid waste storage facility at the JRC site of Ispra (Italy). The proposed characterization strategy developed in D 3.2 is applied in a step by step approach to analyse the pre-existing information (obtained through the use of a pre-sampling questionnaire), and to utilise the available inputs towards the development of a sampling plan sufficient for allowing radiological characterization. The proposed sampling plan follows a three-step approach, i.e. determination of possible elevation in activity concentration by non-destructive testing, biased sampling of layers identified, and finally unbiased sampling after mixing of tank contents.
INSIDER工作包3 (WP 3)的目标是根据统计方法,起草一份在受限环境中初始核场地表征的抽样指南。在本文中,为WP 3提出了可交付成果3.4 (D 3.4),其中可交付成果3.1 (D 3.1)至3.3 (D 3.3)中制定的策略应用于代表现有退役场景的三个参考用例中的第一个。目前的讨论集中在用例1 (UC1): Ispra(意大利)JRC站点的液体废物存储设施。在D 3.2中提出的表征策略以一步一步的方法应用于分析预先存在的信息(通过使用预抽样问卷获得),并利用可用的输入来制定足以允许放射学表征的抽样计划。拟议的取样计划遵循三步方法,即通过无损检测确定活性浓度可能升高的程度,对已识别的层进行有偏取样,最后在混合储罐内容物后进行无偏取样。
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引用次数: 1
Newton’s second law analogy for the traveling wave of nuclear burning 核子燃烧行波的牛顿第二定律类比
IF 0.5 Q3 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/epjn/2020012
V. Urbanevych, I. Sharph, V. Tarasov, V. Rusov
We consider a model of neutron-nuclear wave burning. The traveling wave of nuclear burning of the medium is initiated by an external neutron source and is the basis for the new generation reactors the so-called “traveling-wave reactors”. We develop a model of nuclear traveling wave burning, for which it is possible to draw a Newton’s second law analogy with a mechanical dissipative system. On the basis of this analogy, we find that the wave velocity has a continuous spectrum bounded below. Within the framework of the new model, we show the autowave to be possible for certain neutron energies only. Also we find that two burning modes are possible depending on the control parameters: a traveling autowave and a wave driven by an external neutron source.
我们考虑一个中子-核波燃烧模型。介质核燃烧的行波是由外部中子源引发的,是新一代反应堆即所谓的“行波堆”的基础。我们发展了一个核行波燃烧的模型,它可以用牛顿第二定律来类比机械耗散系统。在这个类比的基础上,我们发现波速具有如下的连续谱界。在新模型的框架内,我们证明了自动波仅对某些中子能量是可能的。我们还发现,根据控制参数的不同,有两种燃烧模式:一种是自行波,另一种是由外部中子源驱动的波。
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引用次数: 1
Uncertainty propagation based on correlated sampling technique for nuclear data applications 核数据应用中基于相关采样技术的不确定性传播
IF 0.5 Q3 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/epjn/2020003
A. Laureau, V. Lamirand, D. Rochman, A. Pautz
A correlated sampling technique has been implemented to estimate the impact of cross section modifications on the neutron transport and in Monte Carlo simulations in one single calculation. This implementation has been coupled to a Total Monte Carlo approach which consists in propagating nuclear data uncertainties with random cross section files. The TMC-CS (Total Monte Carlo with Correlated Sampling) approach offers an interesting speed-up of the associated computation time. This methodology is detailed in this paper, together with two application cases to validate and illustrate the gain provided by this technique: the highly enriched uranium/iron metal core reflected by a stainless-steel reflector HMI-001 benchmark, and the PETALE experimental programme in the CROCUS zero-power light water reactor.
在蒙特卡罗模拟中,采用了一种相关采样技术来估计截面变化对中子输运的影响。这种实现已经与全蒙特卡罗方法相结合,该方法包括用随机截面文件传播核数据的不确定性。TMC-CS (Total Monte Carlo with correlation Sampling)方法提供了相关计算时间的有趣加速。本文详细介绍了该方法,并结合两个应用案例来验证和说明该技术提供的增益:由不锈钢反射器HMI-001基准反射的高浓缩铀/铁金属芯,以及CROCUS零功率轻水反应堆的PETALE实验方案。
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引用次数: 2
Reactor performance, system reliability, instrumentation and control 反应堆性能,系统可靠性,仪表和控制
IF 0.5 Q3 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/epjn/2019017
A. Schumm, M. Rabung, G. Marque, J. Hamalainen
We present a cross-cutting review of three on-going Horizon 2020 projects (ADVISE, NOMAD, TEAM CABLES) and one already finished FP7 project (HARMONICS), which address the reliability of safety-relevant components and systems in nuclear power plants, with a scope ranging from the pressure vessel and primary loop to safety-critical software systems and electrical cables. The paper discusses scientific challenges faced in the beginning and achievements made throughout the projects, including the industrial impact and lessons learned. Two particular aspects highlighted concern the way the projects sought contact with end users, and the balance between industrial and academic partners. The paper concludes with an outlook on follow-up issues related to the long term operation of nuclear power plants.
我们对三个正在进行的Horizon 2020项目(ADVISE, NOMAD, TEAM CABLES)和一个已经完成的FP7项目(HARMONICS)进行了交叉审查,这些项目涉及核电厂安全相关组件和系统的可靠性,范围从压力容器和主回路到安全关键软件系统和电缆。本文讨论了开始时面临的科学挑战和整个项目所取得的成就,包括工业影响和吸取的教训。两个特别突出的方面涉及项目寻求与最终用户联系的方式,以及工业和学术合作伙伴之间的平衡。最后,对核电站长期运行的后续问题进行了展望。
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引用次数: 2
Improved expertise in radiation protection, nuclear chemistry and geological disposal 提高辐射防护、核化学和地质处置等方面的专业知识
IF 0.5 Q3 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/epjn/2019020
M. Coeck, T. Jung, M. Birschwilks, C. Walther, B. Bazargan-Sabet, Thomas Perko
In the past 5 years several projects were launched in FP7 and H2020 with the aim to support competence building in nuclear by fostering education and training (E&T) initiatives. ENETRAP III, CONCERT, CINCH II, MEET-CINCH, PETRUS and EAGLE deal with advanced E&T in the fields of radiation protection, nuclear chemistry and geological disposal and the transfer of basic knowledge about ionising radiation, its benefits and risks, to the general public. They were launched with the overall objective of maintaining and extending nuclear know-how and competences in Europe and ensuring sustainable knowledge transfer to current and future generations. This paper describes the aims and achievements of these projects and, based on insights and experiences from these projects, provides some recommendations for future policy support regarding maintaining competences in nuclear industry and research.
在过去五年中,FP7和H2020启动了几个项目,旨在通过促进教育和培训(E&T)倡议来支持核能能力建设。ENETRAP III, CONCERT, CINCH II, MEET-CINCH, PETRUS和EAGLE处理辐射防护,核化学和地质处置领域的先进E&T,以及向公众转移有关电离辐射的基本知识,其益处和风险。它们的总目标是保持和扩大欧洲的核知识和能力,并确保向今世后代可持续地转让知识。本文描述了这些项目的目标和成就,并根据这些项目的见解和经验,为未来维持核工业和研究能力的政策支持提供了一些建议。
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引用次数: 1
Data assimilation of post-irradiation examination data for fission yields from GEF GEF裂变产率辐照后检验数据的同化
IF 0.5 Q3 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/epjn/2020015
D. Siefman, M. Hursin, H. Sjöstrand, G. Schnabel, D. Rochman, A. Pautz
Nuclear data, especially fission yields, create uncertainties in the predicted concentrations of fission products in spent fuel which can exceed engineering target accuracies. Herein, we present a new framework that extends data assimilation methods to burnup simulations by using post-irradiation examination experiments. The adjusted fission yields lowered the bias and reduced the uncertainty of the simulations. Our approach adjusts the model parameters of the code GEF. We compare the BFMC and MOCABA approaches to data assimilation, focusing especially on the effects of the non-normality of GEF’s fission yields. In the application that we present, the best data assimilation framework decreased the average bias of the simulations from 26% to 14%. The average relative standard deviation decreased from 21% to 14%. The GEF fission yields after data assimilation agreed better with those in JEFF3.3. For Pu-239 thermal fission, the average relative difference from JEFF3.3 was 16% before data assimilation and after it was 12%. For the standard deviations of the fission yields, GEF’s were 100% larger than JEFF3.3’s before data assimilation and after were only 4% larger. The inconsistency of the integral data had an important effect on MOCABA, as shown with the Marginal Likelihood Optimization method. When the method was not applied, MOCABA’s adjusted fission yields worsened the bias of the simulations by 30%. BFMC showed that it inherently accounted for this inconsistency. Applying Marginal Likelihood Optimization with BFMC gave a 2% lower bias compared to not applying it, but the results were more poorly converged.
核数据,特别是裂变产率,在乏燃料中裂变产物的预测浓度中产生不确定性,这可能超过工程目标精度。在此,我们提出了一个新的框架,将数据同化方法扩展到使用辐照后检查实验的燃烧模拟。调整后的裂变产率降低了偏差,降低了模拟的不确定性。我们的方法调整代码GEF的模型参数。我们比较了BFMC和MOCABA方法对数据同化的影响,特别关注了GEF裂变产率的非正态性的影响。在我们提出的应用中,最好的数据同化框架将模拟的平均偏差从26%降低到14%。平均相对标准偏差从21%下降到14%。数据同化后的GEF裂变产率与JEFF3.3的结果吻合较好。对于Pu-239热裂变,同化前与JEFF3.3的平均相对差异为16%,同化后与JEFF3.3的平均相对差异为12%。对于裂变产率的标准差,同化前的GEF比同化后的JEFF3.3大100%,同化后的GEF只比同化后的JEFF3.3大4%。边际似然优化方法表明,积分数据的不一致性对MOCABA有重要影响。当不使用该方法时,MOCABA调整的裂变产率使模拟的偏差加重了30%。BFMC表明它固有地解释了这种不一致。与不应用边际似然优化相比,应用边际似然优化与BFMC的偏差降低了2%,但结果更差收敛。
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引用次数: 8
Analysis of radionuclides in microsystem: application to the selective recovery of 55Fe by solvent extraction 微系统中放射性核素的分析:溶剂萃取法选择性回收55Fe的应用
IF 0.5 Q3 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/epjn/2020002
S. Rassou, C. Mariet, T. Vercouter
The minimization of the sample quantities required by analytical laboratories, as well as the increase of the fastness of the analytical operations are emerging axes for improved radiochemical analyses related to D&D issues. Two microsystem-based protocols were developed for the selective recovery of 55Fe from radioactive samples by solvent extraction. Both protocols were tested on iron solutions in two different microchips. The yields of Fe extraction were compared with macroscale batch experiments. Better performances with more than 80% of iron extracted were obtained with the second protocol, which is based on a reactive transfer of the iron cation, and more suited to the use of microchannels and very low contact times. This study already demonstrate the high potential of microfluidic technology to improve analytical operations on D&D samples. This method will further be validated with radioactive samples.
分析实验室所需样品数量的最小化以及分析操作的牢度的增加是改进与D&D问题相关的放射化学分析的新方向。建立了两种基于微系统的溶剂萃取法从放射性样品中选择性回收55Fe的方法。两种方案都在两种不同的微芯片上对铁溶液进行了测试。并与大规模间歇实验进行了比较。第二种方案基于铁阳离子的反应转移,获得了更好的性能,铁提取率超过80%,更适合使用微通道和极低的接触时间。这项研究已经证明了微流控技术在改进D&D样品分析操作方面的巨大潜力。该方法将进一步用放射性样品进行验证。
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引用次数: 2
Probabilistic safety assessment for internal and external events/European projects H2020-NARSIS and FP7-ASAMPSA_E 内部和外部事件的概率安全评估/欧洲项目H2020-NARSIS和FP7-ASAMPSA_E
IF 0.5 Q3 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/epjn/2019012
E. Foerster, E. Raimond, Y. Guigueno
The 7th EU Framework programme project Advanced Safety Assessment Methodologies: “Extended PSA” (ASAMPSA_E, 2013–2016) was aimed at promoting good practices to extend the scope of existing Probabilistic Safety Assessments (PSAs) and the application of such “extended PSA” in decision-making in the European context. This project led to a collection of guidance reports that describe existing practices and identify their limits. Moreover, it allowed identifying some idea for further research in the framework of collaborative activities. The H2020 project “New Approach to Reactor Safety ImprovementS” (NARSIS, 2017–2021) aims at proposing some improvements to be integrated in existing PSA procedures for NPPs, considering single, cascade and combined external natural hazards (earthquakes, flooding, extreme weather, tsunamis). The project will lead to the release of various tools together with recommendations and guidelines for use in nuclear safety assessment, including a Bayesian-based multi-risk framework able to account for causes and consequences of technical, social/organizational and human aspects and a supporting Severe Accident Management decision-making tool for demonstration purposes, as well.
第七期欧盟框架计划项目高级安全评估方法:“扩展PSA”(ASAMPSA_E, 2013-2016)旨在促进良好实践,以扩大现有概率安全评估(PSA)的范围,并在欧洲背景下将这种“扩展PSA”应用于决策。这个项目产生了一组指导报告,这些报告描述了现有的实践并确定了它们的局限性。此外,它还允许在协作活动的框架内确定一些进一步研究的想法。H2020项目“反应堆安全改进新方法”(NARSIS, 2017-2021)旨在提出一些改进措施,以整合到现有的核电站PSA程序中,考虑到单一,级联和综合外部自然灾害(地震,洪水,极端天气,海啸)。该项目将导致发布用于核安全评估的各种工具以及建议和指南,包括基于贝叶斯的多风险框架,能够解释技术、社会/组织和人员方面的原因和后果,以及用于示范目的的支持性严重事故管理决策工具。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
EPJ Nuclear Sciences & Technologies
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