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Solar energy discourse in the Sunshine State 阳光之州的太阳能话语
1区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-06-04 DOI: 10.12697/SSS.2021.49.1-2.03
P. Augustyn
This case study of a 2016 Florida constitutional amendment analyses the semiotic devices and mechanisms of shaping public opinion on solar energy and beliefs about energy distribution. After a nationwide rise in rooftop solar installations between 2014 and 2015, utilities in several US states were faced with challenges to their business models. Anticipating similar problems in Florida, utilities and energy corporations promoted constitutional amendments. This semio tic analysis follows the voter from the billboards and flyers to the text on the ballot. Starting from Peirce’s phenomenological categories, this critical analysis of the campaign reveals how the goals of the amendment were shrouded in positive environmental and consumer protection narratives. Lakoff ’s cognitive linguistics and Stibbe’s ecolinguistics support a deeper analysis of the ballot text. This study shows that by leaving key concepts (especially net metering) out of the discourse, the ballot text successfully framed an anti-solar amendment as a pro-consumer measure, while hiding the direct legal implications concerning alternative energy distribution. In particular, this study explains the opposition to the sharing of surplus in the context of neoclassical economics as a key factor in shaping beliefs about alternative energy distribution.
这项针对2016年佛罗里达州宪法修正案的案例研究分析了塑造公众对太阳能的看法和对能源分配的信念的符号手段和机制。2014年至2015年间,屋顶太阳能装置在全国范围内增加,美国几个州的公用事业公司的商业模式面临挑战。预见到佛罗里达州也会出现类似的问题,公用事业和能源公司推动了宪法修正案。这种半定量分析跟踪了选民从广告牌和传单到选票上的文字。从皮尔斯的现象学类别开始,对这场运动的批判性分析揭示了修正案的目标是如何被积极的环境和消费者保护叙事所笼罩的。拉科夫的认知语言学和斯蒂布的生态语言学支持对选票文本进行更深入的分析。这项研究表明,通过将关键概念(尤其是净计量)排除在讨论之外,投票文本成功地将反太阳能修正案界定为一项有利于消费者的措施,同时隐藏了与替代能源分配有关的直接法律影响。特别是,这项研究解释了在新古典经济学的背景下,反对分享盈余是塑造替代能源分配信念的关键因素。
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引用次数: 1
Metaphor, induction and innovation: Getting outside the box 隐喻、归纳和创新:跳出框框
1区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-06-04 DOI: 10.12697/SSS.2021.49.1-2.07
I. Sahakyan
Today more than ever innovation seems vital for us to anticipate the future and adapt to our rapidly changing world. But what is innovation and how is it accomplished? How can the mind generate innovative ideas? To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the human capacity to innovate, the present study aims at answering two basic questions: first, ‘what makes innovation possible?’ and second, ‘why are innovative ideas unusual?’. These questions are addressed within the framework of Peircean semiotics, in particular in the light of Peirce’s conception of inference. Different types of inferences are studied to determine the mode of reasoning which is central to innovative thought. While creativity and innovation are often analysed through the prism of abduction, this study puts forward an alternative approach drawing a parallel between modes of inferences and types of hypoicons. It claims that what makes innovation possible is metaphoric reasoning underlying induction.
今天,创新对我们预测未来和适应快速变化的世界似乎比以往任何时候都更重要。但什么是创新?创新是如何实现的?头脑如何产生创新的想法?为了更好地理解人类创新能力的机制,本研究旨在回答两个基本问题:第一,“是什么使创新成为可能?”其次,“为什么创新理念不同寻常?”。这些问题是在皮尔斯符号学的框架内解决的,特别是根据皮尔斯的推理概念。研究了不同类型的推理,以确定创新思维的核心推理模式。虽然创造力和创新经常通过外展的棱镜来分析,但本研究提出了一种替代方法,将推理模式和次图标类型进行比较。它声称,使创新成为可能的是基于归纳的隐喻推理。
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引用次数: 2
Towards an integration of two aspects of semiosis – A cognitive semiotic perspective 从认知符号学的角度看符号学的两个方面
1区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-06-04 DOI: 10.12697/SSS.2021.49.1-2.06
Piotr Konderak
Meaning-making processes, understood hierarchically, in line with the Semiotic Hierarchy framework, change on various timescales. To account for and predict these changes, one can take a cognitive view on semiosis. I adopt an interdisciplinary approach combining semiotic studies and cognitive studies in an attempt to account for meaning-making activity and to predict the course of semiosis. In this context, I consider meaning-making activity as shaped by both “external” (to a semiotic system) as well as “internal” factors. I also show how both the “external” and “internal” sources of the dynamicity of meaning-making should be framed in terms of studies on cognition. I start with a non-standard, 4e approach to meaning-making. According to this framework, meaning-making processes are constituted by (and not just dependent on) environmental and bodily factors. The dynamicity of semiosis can be accounted for in terms of an experiencing, embodied subject (agent) enacting her/his/its own domain of meaningful phenomena. As I argue, this perspective on meaning-making is the cognitive foundation of the first two levels of the Semiotic Hierarchy. In the following sections I present the Peircean view on signs and semiosis, according to which semiosis is a result of the very nature of a sign and a sign system. In this view, the dynamicity of semiosis has primarily “internal” sources: it stems from the unavoidable fallibility of interpretation and synechism of signs. As I show, this aspect of semiosis can be addressed by means of standard (cognitivist) cognitive science and by means of cognitive modelling. Ultimately, I sketch a proposal of an attempt to develop a uniform cognitive framework allowing for integration of the above-mentioned aspects of semiosis – a framework based on Rowlands’ idea of the Amalgamated Mind.
根据符号学层次结构框架,从层次上理解的意义制造过程在不同的时间尺度上发生变化。为了解释和预测这些变化,可以从认知的角度来看待符号学。我采用了符号学研究和认知研究相结合的跨学科方法,试图解释意义创造活动,并预测符号学的进程。在这种背景下,我认为意义创造活动是由“外部”(符号系统)和“内部”因素共同塑造的。我还展示了如何从认知研究的角度来界定意义生成动态性的“外部”和“内部”来源。我从一种非标准的、4e的意义创造方法开始。根据这个框架,意义的形成过程是由环境和身体因素构成的(而不仅仅取决于)。符号的动态性可以从一个体验的、具体化的主体(代理人)创造她/他/她自己的有意义现象的领域来解释。正如我所说,这种意义生成的观点是符号学层次前两个层次的认知基础。在以下几节中,我介绍了皮尔斯关于符号和符号系统的观点,根据这一观点,符号系统是符号和符号体系本质的结果。在这种观点中,符号学的动态性主要有“内部”来源:它源于符号的解释和联合不可避免的错误。正如我所展示的,符号学的这一方面可以通过标准(认知主义)认知科学和认知建模来解决。最后,我提出了一个建议,试图开发一个统一的认知框架,将符号学的上述方面整合在一起——这个框架基于罗兰的融合心智思想。
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引用次数: 2
Music as a non-arbitrary avenue for exploration of the social 音乐作为探索社会的非任意途径
1区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-06-04 DOI: 10.12697/SSS.2021.49.1-2.04
J. Ojala
The article examines how music affords exploration of social aspects of semiosis: how music signifies the social, beyond the fact that music is an inherently participatory social process. Pentti Määttänen extends Peirce’s notion of ‘hard fact’ to ‘soft facts’ to which we accommodate our behaviour in order to get along in society. As mutual beliefs, soft facts are continuously tested and updated in inquiry. Representation of oneself is also continuously correlated, thrown together, with that of the rest of the world, yielding positioning of self in ways we call emotions. In music, com-positions of sound constitute hard facts that stand for other facts, soft or hard, by being their metaphors. Shaping and reshaping music allows for safe playing and testing of acts and events, anticipating upcoming situations and changes through virtual situations of the world, social and non-social. Music analysis examines how features of sound offer complex ways of constructing and interpreting metaphors, and how the narratives in music unfold through presentation of metaphors of subjects’ existence, identity and relations, evoking dialogue, drama, tension, even crises to be resolved.
这篇文章探讨了音乐是如何探索符号化的社会方面的:音乐如何意味着社会,而不仅仅是音乐本身就是一个参与性的社会过程。Pentti Määttänen将皮尔斯的“硬事实”概念扩展到“软事实”,我们为了在社会中相处而适应自己的行为。作为相互的信念,软事实在探究中不断地被检验和更新。自我的表现也与世界其他地方的表现持续相关、结合在一起,以我们称之为情绪的方式产生自我定位。在音乐中,声音的组合构成了硬的事实,通过隐喻来代表其他事实,无论是软的还是硬的。塑造和重塑音乐可以安全地播放和测试行为和事件,通过虚拟的社会和非社会环境来预测即将到来的情况和变化。音乐分析考察了声音的特征如何提供构建和解释隐喻的复杂方式,以及音乐中的叙事如何通过对主体存在、身份和关系的隐喻的呈现来展开,唤起对话、戏剧、紧张甚至需要解决的危机。
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引用次数: 0
The dialogic nature of double consciousness and double stimulation: Implications from Peirce and Vygotsky 双重意识与双重刺激的对话性——皮尔斯与维果茨基的启示
1区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-06-04 DOI: 10.12697/SSS.2021.49.1-2.10
Donna E. West
The objective in this paper is to demonstrate the indispensability of Peirce’s double consciousness to foster abductive reasoning, so that internal/external dialogue inform the worthiness of hunches. These forms of dialogue establish a mental give-and-take forum in which novel meanings/effects are particularly highlighted and noticed. Such attentional shifts are compelled by surprising states of affairs within the beholder’s internal, interpretive competencies, or from external factors (pictures, gestural or linguistic performatives). The dialogic nature of these signs pre-forms operations not possible non-dialogically; they command, interrogate, or suggest alterations to established conduct/beliefs in contexts in which propositional/argumentative conflicts are obviated. This inquiry proposes experimental methodologies to measure when double consciousness (via private/inner speech) mediates hypothesis-making. Vygotsky’s conflict of motive at four distinct developmental stages constitutes the foundation for the proposed experiments. Designs draw upon Vygotsky’s ‘double stimulation’ paradigms that force decision-making processes when conflicts of motive surface. Paradigms include forced imitation of one model while ignoring another (imitating bear, not dragon), and altering a visual array to depict logical sequencing accurately (the “Cycles Test”; “The Odd One Out”). These conflicts require children to change their conduct/beliefs to accommodate to atypical states of affairs.
本文的目的是证明皮尔斯的双重意识在培养溯因推理方面的必要性,从而使内部/外部对话告知直觉的价值。这些对话形式建立了一个心理上的互让论坛,在这个论坛中,新颖的含义/效果被特别强调和注意。这种注意力的转移是由观察者内部、解释能力或外部因素(图片、手势或语言表演)的令人惊讶的状态所驱动的。这些符号的对话性质预先形成了不可能非对话的操作;在避免命题/议论文冲突的情况下,他们命令、询问或建议改变既定的行为/信念。这项研究提出了实验方法来衡量双重意识(通过私人/内心言语)何时介导假设的形成。维果茨基在四个不同发展阶段的动机冲突构成了所提出的实验的基础。设计借鉴了维果茨基的“双重刺激”范式,当动机冲突浮出水面时,这种范式会迫使决策过程。范式包括强迫模仿一个模型而忽略另一个模型(模仿熊,而不是龙),以及改变视觉阵列以准确描述逻辑顺序(“循环测试”;“奇数一出”)。这些冲突要求儿童改变他们的行为/信仰,以适应非典型的情况。
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引用次数: 2
Anticipating the societal transformation required to solve the environmental crisis in the 21st century 预测21世纪解决环境危机所需的社会变革
1区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-06-04 DOI: 10.12697/SSS.2021.49.1-2.02
Morten Tønnessen
This article introduces an ecosemiotic approach to the two great challenges facing humanity in the 21st century: solving an escalating environmental crisis, while also safeguarding and further improving human living conditions. An ecosemiotic framework for the study of societal transformations is presented and political and other normative aspects of what I call transformative semiotics are discussed. This envelops socio-cultural and socio-ecological developments framed in terms of umwelt theory and Deep Ecology. In the long run, developments in human ecology as reflected in our changing relations to non-humans are expressed in the umwelt trajectory of humankind. The question of how the environmental crisis can best be solved is therefore tantamount to the question about what direction the human umwelt trajectory should take in this century. I outline different plausible umwelt scenarios for human ecology in the 21st century, focused on business-as-usual, ecomodernist and Deep Ecology scenarios. In a concluding discussion on technology and sustainability, the scenario development eventually includes a distinction between flexible and inflexible development paths.
本文介绍了一种生态学的方法来解决21世纪人类面临的两大挑战:解决日益升级的环境危机,同时保护和进一步改善人类的生活条件。提出了一个研究社会转型的生态符号学框架,并讨论了我称之为转型符号学的政治和其他规范方面。这包括在环境理论和深层生态学框架下的社会文化和社会生态发展。从长远来看,人类生态的发展反映在我们与非人类关系的变化中,这反映在人类的环境轨迹中。因此,如何最好地解决环境危机的问题,就等同于本世纪人类居住轨迹应采取何种方向的问题。我概述了21世纪人类生态的不同可能情境,重点是一切照旧、生态现代主义和深层生态情景。在关于技术和可持续性的最后讨论中,情景发展最终包括了灵活和不灵活的发展道路之间的区别。
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引用次数: 2
Editorial: Anticipation and change 社论:期待与改变
1区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-06-04 DOI: 10.12697/SSS.2021.49.1-2.01
Lauri Linask, I. Sahakyan, A. Semenenko
Work on this special issue started in 2019 under the auspices of the Nordic As sociation for Semiotic Studies (NASS). This organization, which serves to bring together the semiotics communities of the European countries in the Nordic and the Baltic regions – Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, and Sweden – held its 11th international conference at the University of Stavanger, Norway, on 13–15 June 2019, with the theme of the same name as this issue, “Anticipation and Change”. Although the purpose of NASS as an organization has been to endorse and facilitate contacts, cooperation, and development of research collaboration and projects between its member countries, the conference at the University of Stavanger had a far broader international scope. In fact, it brought together about 60 participants from all over Europe as well as the USA. These introductory notes set out to give a brief overview of NASS as an organization, of the Stavanger conference, and of the resulting issue of Sign Systems Studies, the oldest international semiotic periodical in the world. NASS was founded in 1987 at a meeting of Nordic semioticians in Imatra, Finland. Its first series of conferences and week-long Nordic Research Courses took place in Odense, Denmark (1990), Lund, Sweden (1992), Trondheim, Norway (1994), Imatra, Finland (1996), Oslo, Norway (1998), and Copenhagen, Denmark (2000). It then fell into a period of hibernation for more than a decade until May 2011, when the 7th conference of NASS was organized in Lund, Sweden. The conference was a success and brought together many seminal scholars from all over the world. This revival was confirmed the following year by the 25-year
在北欧符号学研究协会(NASS)的主持下,这一特刊的工作于2019年开始。该组织旨在汇集北欧和波罗的海地区欧洲国家(丹麦、爱沙尼亚、芬兰、冰岛、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、挪威和瑞典)的符号学界,于2019年6月13日至15日在挪威斯塔万格大学举行了第11届国际会议,主题与本期同名:“期待与变革”。尽管NASS作为一个组织的目的是支持和促进其成员国之间的联系、合作和研究合作和项目的发展,但在斯塔万格大学举行的会议具有更广泛的国际范围。事实上,它汇集了来自欧洲和美国各地的约60名参与者。这些介绍性笔记旨在简要概述NASS作为一个组织,斯塔万格会议,以及世界上最古老的国际符号学期刊《符号系统研究》的结果。1987年,北欧符号学家在芬兰伊马特拉的一次会议上成立了NASS。它的第一个系列会议和为期一周的北欧研究课程在丹麦欧登塞(1990年)、瑞典隆德(1992年)、挪威特隆赫姆(1994年)、芬兰伊马特拉(1996年)、挪威奥斯陆(1998年)和丹麦哥本哈根(2000年)举行。此后,它进入了十多年的冬眠期,直到2011年5月,NASS的第七届会议在瑞典隆德召开。这次会议很成功,汇集了来自世界各地的许多有影响的学者。这种复兴在第二年得到了25年的证实
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引用次数: 0
Towards the semiotics of the future: From anticipation to premediation 走向未来的符号学:从预期到预判
1区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-06-04 DOI: 10.12697/SSS.2021.49.1-2.05
Katre Pärn
The paper aims to make a contribution to semiotic research on the future by bringing together various approaches that deal with the relationship humans have with the future. More specifically, the paper concentrates on anticipation viewed as an activity that is based on modelling the (un)desired future as suggested by Nikolai Bernstein. The model-based approach to anticipation allows drawing connections between the psychophysiological and semiotically mediated forms of anticipation on the one hand, and between individual and collective forms of anticipation on the other hand. With these aims in mind, the paper offers a sketch of a semiotic approach to the future that is based on the framework of semiotic modelling systems, i.e. views the future in terms of models of it and the semiotic resources and processes involved in the model-building. As the semiotically mediated models of the future circulating in a culture can become collectively shared means of cognizing and anticipating some futures, it is possible to talk about a collective anticipation, analogous to Juri Lotman’s cultural semiotic notion of collective memory. Accordingly, premediation, a future-oriented media practice outlined by Richard Grusin, is viewed as an example of collective anticipation. In addition to tracing the mechanisms of anticipation from its individual organismic to semiotically mediated collective forms, the paper foregrounds also the two fundamental problems that run across the diverse theoretical perspectives brought together within the approach: the individual and collective agency in futuremaking and the affective dimension of anticipation.
本文旨在通过将处理人类与未来关系的各种方法结合起来,为符号学对未来的研究做出贡献。更具体地说,这篇论文专注于预期,它被视为一种基于尼古拉·伯恩斯坦(Nikolai Bernstein)所建议的(不)期望的未来建模的活动。基于模型的预期方法一方面允许在心理生理和符号中介的预期形式之间建立联系,另一方面允许个人和集体的预期形式建立联系。考虑到这些目标,本文提供了一种基于符号学建模系统框架的符号学方法的草图,即从符号学模型以及模型构建中涉及的符号学资源和过程的角度来看待未来。由于在一种文化中流通的符号中介的未来模型可以成为认知和预测某些未来的集体共享手段,因此有可能谈论集体预期,类似于尤里·洛特曼关于集体记忆的文化符号学概念。因此,预谋,理查德·格鲁辛提出的一种面向未来的媒体实践,被视为集体预期的一个例子。除了从个体组织形式到符号中介的集体形式追溯预期的机制外,本文还展望了贯穿该方法中各种理论视角的两个基本问题:未来塑造中的个体和集体能动性以及预期的情感维度。
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引用次数: 1
On political semiotics 论政治符号学
1区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.12697/SSS.2020.48.2-4.16
A. Makarychev
Review of Introducing Relational Political Analysis: Political Semiotics as a Theory and Method [Palgrave Studies in Relational Sociology] by Peeter Selg and Andreas Ventsel. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020, 319 pp.
Peeter Selg和Andreas Ventsel的《引入关系政治分析:政治符号学作为一种理论和方法》[关系社会学中的帕尔格雷夫研究]综述。Cham:Palgrave Macmillan,2020,319页。
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引用次数: 0
Body ground red – integrating Peirce, Kristeva and Greimas 身体红场,皮尔斯,克里斯蒂娃和格雷马斯
1区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.12697/SSS.2020.48.2-4.09
Herman Tamminen
Ground (Charles Peirce’s concept) – regardless whether it be taken as motivation or abstractness – affords the proposition that some abstract categories of meaning have acquired their qualities via bodily experience. In order to show this to be the case, the concept of ground will be drawn together with the division (according to Julia Kristeva) between the symbolic and the semiotic, the semiotic chora will be shown to function as an axiologizing thymic category as regard reception of perception (following Algirdas Greimas), and finally it will be proposed that it is this foundation that enables the coherence and inevitability of culture as a whole, being responsible for its stereoscopic quality as well. This procedure will further the haply sacrilegious march towards the emergence of modal semiotics, which allows us to dispense of signs in order to gain an anachronistically novel understanding of our own being.
Ground(Charles Peirce的概念)——无论它是被视为动机还是抽象性——都提供了一个命题,即一些抽象的意义类别是通过身体体验获得它们的品质的。为了证明这一点,基础的概念将与符号学和符号学之间的划分(根据Julia Kristeva的说法)结合在一起,符号合唱将被证明在感知的接受方面是一个价值论的胸腺范畴(继Algirdas Greimas之后),最后提出,正是这个基础使文化作为一个整体具有连贯性和必然性,并对其立体性负责。这一过程将进一步推动模态符号学的出现,它允许我们放弃符号,以获得对我们自己存在的不合时宜的新颖理解。
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引用次数: 0
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Sign Systems Studies
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