This study examines the popular petition of 1978 against the introduction of the kooperative Schule in Nordrhein-Westfalen. As a result of this campaign, reforms initiated by the SPD were halted. The reforms had been directed at the eventual introduction of a comprehensive school system, which would have replaced Germany’s traditional three-track school system. Previous studies have usually presented the popular petition as either a reactionary movement against the reform or a victory for conservatives, including the CDU. However, the opposition movement represented a wide range of public opinion, with supporters of the SPD also participating in the movement. Furthermore, when the introduction of the kooperative Schule was abandoned, no positive impact was seen on the CDU’s election results. The event marked a change in the political culture of West Germany, as a sign of a new trend. With greater democratization and modernization in the 1960s and 1970s, civil society became more politically active. Such a pattern promoted the political participation of the public in West German society. In addition, the change was linked to the development of Western civil movements characterized by autonomy and non-partisanship.
{"title":"A West German Civil Movement in the 1970s: Opposition to the kooperative Schule in Nordrhein-Westfalen","authors":"Jae-ho Choi","doi":"10.1093/gerhis/ghac074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghac074","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study examines the popular petition of 1978 against the introduction of the kooperative Schule in Nordrhein-Westfalen. As a result of this campaign, reforms initiated by the SPD were halted. The reforms had been directed at the eventual introduction of a comprehensive school system, which would have replaced Germany’s traditional three-track school system. Previous studies have usually presented the popular petition as either a reactionary movement against the reform or a victory for conservatives, including the CDU. However, the opposition movement represented a wide range of public opinion, with supporters of the SPD also participating in the movement. Furthermore, when the introduction of the kooperative Schule was abandoned, no positive impact was seen on the CDU’s election results. The event marked a change in the political culture of West Germany, as a sign of a new trend. With greater democratization and modernization in the 1960s and 1970s, civil society became more politically active. Such a pattern promoted the political participation of the public in West German society. In addition, the change was linked to the development of Western civil movements characterized by autonomy and non-partisanship.","PeriodicalId":44471,"journal":{"name":"German History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45607977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Nazi Camp Near Danzig. Perspectives on Shame and on the Holocaust from Stutthof","authors":"Uta Rautenberg","doi":"10.1093/gerhis/ghac076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghac076","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44471,"journal":{"name":"German History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49386920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hitler’s True Believers: How Ordinary People Became Nazis","authors":"Christopher Dillon","doi":"10.1093/gerhis/ghac075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghac075","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44471,"journal":{"name":"German History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43737636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"States of Liberation: Gay Men between Dictatorship and Democracy in Cold War Germany","authors":"C. Griffiths","doi":"10.1093/gerhis/ghac077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghac077","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44471,"journal":{"name":"German History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43964042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gläubige Zeiten: Religiosität im Dritten Reich","authors":"Thomas Brodie","doi":"10.1093/gerhis/ghac064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghac064","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44471,"journal":{"name":"German History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46075807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Helden oder Feiglinge? Deserteure der Wehrmacht im Zweiten Weltkrieg","authors":"David Harrisville","doi":"10.1093/gerhis/ghac062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghac062","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44471,"journal":{"name":"German History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44906383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Commemorating Power in Early Medieval Saxony: Writing and Rewriting the Past at Gandersheim and Quedlinburg","authors":"E. Hintz","doi":"10.1093/gerhis/ghac055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghac055","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44471,"journal":{"name":"German History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45934680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Migrating Memories: Romanian Germans in Modern Europe.","authors":"R. Cârstocea","doi":"10.1093/gerhis/ghac051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghac051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44471,"journal":{"name":"German History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44198427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Saving Nature under Socialism: Transnational Environmentalism in East Germany, 1968–1990","authors":"Thomas M. Lekan","doi":"10.1093/gerhis/ghac049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghac049","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44471,"journal":{"name":"German History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47279776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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