Pub Date : 2021-07-06DOI: 10.5114/FMPCR.2021.105930
J. Ricardo, J. A. Simões, L. Santiago
A – study design, B – Data – Statistical D – Data – Manuscript F – – Funds Background. COPD is a common worldwide condition associated with morbidity and mortality. Its symptoms can be easily overlooked, accounting for an elevated level of under-recognition and under-diagnosis. Knowledge of the prevalence of COPD and the significance of its associated factors in the population enables better management of medical resources. Objectives. To establish the prevalence of COPD in General Practice patients in the Central Region of Portugal and analyze the correlation with associated factors. Methods. Cross-sectional study of patients’ data with COPD (R95, International Classification for Primary Care 2), anonymously gathered from the official database of the Central Health Administration of Portugal. Results. Out of 937,817 individuals, 24,148 patients were identified with COPD, a prevalence of 2.57/100,000. 73.7% were above 65 years of age, and 60.2% were males. BMI was recorded in 60.2% patients, FEV 1 (%) in 8.0%, and smoking pack-years in 37.1%. Age and BMI were significantly negatively correlated ( ρ = -0.032, p < 0.001), with the same occurring between age and FEV 1 (%) ( ρ = -0.073, p < 0.05). A strong association of COPD with male gender and older age groups was found. Conclusions. The prevalence of COPD was significantly higher in males, and age was identified as a risk factor for this condition. Higher age was non-significantly associated with lower FEV 1 (%) and significantly associated with BMI. The lack of e-records calls for an im-provement.
{"title":"Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in general practice patients in the Central Region of Portugal","authors":"J. Ricardo, J. A. Simões, L. Santiago","doi":"10.5114/FMPCR.2021.105930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/FMPCR.2021.105930","url":null,"abstract":"A – study design, B – Data – Statistical D – Data – Manuscript F – – Funds Background. COPD is a common worldwide condition associated with morbidity and mortality. Its symptoms can be easily overlooked, accounting for an elevated level of under-recognition and under-diagnosis. Knowledge of the prevalence of COPD and the significance of its associated factors in the population enables better management of medical resources. Objectives. To establish the prevalence of COPD in General Practice patients in the Central Region of Portugal and analyze the correlation with associated factors. Methods. Cross-sectional study of patients’ data with COPD (R95, International Classification for Primary Care 2), anonymously gathered from the official database of the Central Health Administration of Portugal. Results. Out of 937,817 individuals, 24,148 patients were identified with COPD, a prevalence of 2.57/100,000. 73.7% were above 65 years of age, and 60.2% were males. BMI was recorded in 60.2% patients, FEV 1 (%) in 8.0%, and smoking pack-years in 37.1%. Age and BMI were significantly negatively correlated ( ρ = -0.032, p < 0.001), with the same occurring between age and FEV 1 (%) ( ρ = -0.073, p < 0.05). A strong association of COPD with male gender and older age groups was found. Conclusions. The prevalence of COPD was significantly higher in males, and age was identified as a risk factor for this condition. Higher age was non-significantly associated with lower FEV 1 (%) and significantly associated with BMI. The lack of e-records calls for an im-provement.","PeriodicalId":44481,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Primary Care Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46277346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Data Statistical Data Background. The increase in the elderly population and life expectancy may lead to increased dependence and disability in performing Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). Objectives. We aimed to determine the relationship between types of physical disabilities and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) score in people 65 years of age and over. Material and methods. This study was designed as a multicenter, cross-sectional survey that was conducted in Kirklareli, Turkey. The study involved 578 people who were 65 years of age or over and presented to a Family Health Center for any reason. The Lawton and Brody IADL Scale was used to assess activities of daily living (ADL) levels in these elderly participants. Results. We found that 32.9% of all participants and 46.1% of participants with a physical disability experienced a limitation in at least one ADL. After adjusting for descriptive characteristics, people with hearing impairments (AOR= 5.32, 95% CI: 2.41–11.72, p < 0.001) and orthopedic disorders (AOR= 3.65, 95% CI: 1.80–7.38, p < 0.001) were likely to be dependent on other people while performing ADLs. The likelihood of ADL dependency was lower in participants with visual impairments than it was in those without any visual impairment (AOR= 0.21, 95% CI: 0.09–0.49, p < 0.001). Conclusions. ADL limitations are more likely to occur in elderly people with disabilities. The likelihood of ADL dependency was higher in people with a hearing impairment or an orthopedic disorder. This finding should be taken into consideration in studies that aim to improve the health of the elderly.
数据统计数据背景老年人口和预期寿命的增加可能导致日常生活工具活动(IADL)的依赖性和残疾性增加。目标。我们的目的是确定65岁及以上人群的身体残疾类型与日常生活工具活动(IADL)评分之间的关系。材料和方法。本研究设计为在土耳其Kirklareli进行的多中心横断面调查。这项研究涉及578名65岁或以上的人，他们因任何原因到家庭健康中心就诊。使用劳顿和布罗迪IADL量表评估这些老年参与者的日常生活活动(ADL)水平。结果。我们发现32.9%的参与者和46.1%的身体残疾参与者至少在一项ADL中受到限制。在对描述性特征进行调整后，听力障碍患者(AOR= 5.32, 95% CI: 2.41-11.72, p < 0.001)和骨科疾病患者(AOR= 3.65, 95% CI: 1.80-7.38, p < 0.001)在进行adl时可能依赖他人。有视力障碍的受试者对ADL依赖的可能性低于无视力障碍的受试者(AOR= 0.21, 95% CI: 0.09-0.49, p < 0.001)。结论。ADL限制更可能发生在老年残疾人身上。患有听力障碍或矫形障碍的人对ADL依赖的可能性更高。这一发现应该在旨在改善老年人健康的研究中加以考虑。
{"title":"The relationship between types of physical disabilities and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) in the elderly","authors":"Yeliz Mercan, Kevser Tarı Selçuk, Aylin Aydin Sayilan","doi":"10.5114/FMPCR.2021.103153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/FMPCR.2021.103153","url":null,"abstract":"Data Statistical Data Background. The increase in the elderly population and life expectancy may lead to increased dependence and disability in performing Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). Objectives. We aimed to determine the relationship between types of physical disabilities and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) score in people 65 years of age and over. Material and methods. This study was designed as a multicenter, cross-sectional survey that was conducted in Kirklareli, Turkey. The study involved 578 people who were 65 years of age or over and presented to a Family Health Center for any reason. The Lawton and Brody IADL Scale was used to assess activities of daily living (ADL) levels in these elderly participants. Results. We found that 32.9% of all participants and 46.1% of participants with a physical disability experienced a limitation in at least one ADL. After adjusting for descriptive characteristics, people with hearing impairments (AOR= 5.32, 95% CI: 2.41–11.72, p < 0.001) and orthopedic disorders (AOR= 3.65, 95% CI: 1.80–7.38, p < 0.001) were likely to be dependent on other people while performing ADLs. The likelihood of ADL dependency was lower in participants with visual impairments than it was in those without any visual impairment (AOR= 0.21, 95% CI: 0.09–0.49, p < 0.001). Conclusions. ADL limitations are more likely to occur in elderly people with disabilities. The likelihood of ADL dependency was higher in people with a hearing impairment or an orthopedic disorder. This finding should be taken into consideration in studies that aim to improve the health of the elderly.","PeriodicalId":44481,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Primary Care Review","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71079716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5114/FMPCR.2021.103151
A. I. Ferreira, I. Rosendo, Luiz Miguel Santiago, J. A. Simões
Background. The hypothesis that breastfeeding has a protective effect in childhood obesity is not new; however, contro versial results have been published. Since the Azores reported the lowest rate of breastfeeding in Portugal and a high prevalence of childhood obesity, it becomes important to understand whether these facts are related or not. Objectives. To investigate the relationship between breastfeeding and childhood obesity in a population of Azorean children. Material and methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 183 Azorean children between 5–10 years of age between Septem ber and December 2016. The weight and height of the children were measured at the consultation and other variables were investigat ed through a questionnaire. The association between breastfeeding and childhood obesity was tested using logistic regression models. Results. 18.6% of the children were obese and 74.3% were breastfed. The exclusive breastfeeding rate at 6 months was 3.3%. Comple mentary breastfeeding was present in 39.3% at 6 months and 7.1% at 2 years. Obese children were breastfed less time than non-obese children, suggesting a dose-effect relationship ( p = 0.025). We found a significant and independent relationship between infant obesity and total time of breastfeeding (RR = 0.906; 95% CI [0.842, 0.974]; p = 0.008), physical activity (RR = 0.883; 95% CI [0.801, 0.972]; p = 0.012) and maternal nutritional status (RR = 3.452; 95% CI [1.361, 8.755]; p = 0.009). Conclusions. Breastfeeding and physical activity behaved as protective factors for childhood obesity, while the nutritional status of the mother acted as a risk factor. Childhood obesity is a current problem in the Azores, and breastfeeding can be an effective, simple and affordable tool to reduce this.
背景。母乳喂养对儿童肥胖有保护作用的假设并不新鲜;然而，有争议的结果已经发表。由于亚速尔群岛报告的母乳喂养率是葡萄牙最低的，儿童肥胖率很高，因此了解这些事实是否相关变得很重要。目标。调查亚速尔儿童群体中母乳喂养与儿童肥胖之间的关系。材料和方法。2016年9月至12月期间，对183名5-10岁的亚速尔儿童进行了横断面研究。在咨询时测量儿童的体重和身高，并通过问卷调查其他变量。使用logistic回归模型检验母乳喂养与儿童肥胖之间的关系。结果:肥胖儿童占18.6%，母乳喂养儿童占74.3%。6个月纯母乳喂养率为3.3%。6个月和2岁时补充母乳喂养的比例分别为39.3%和7.1%。肥胖儿童的母乳喂养时间少于非肥胖儿童，提示存在剂量效应关系(p = 0.025)。我们发现婴儿肥胖与母乳喂养总时间之间存在显著的独立关系(RR = 0.906;95% ci [0.842, 0.974];p = 0.008)，体力活动(RR = 0.883;95% ci [0.801, 0.972];p = 0.012)和产妇营养状况(RR = 3.452;95% ci [1.361, 8.755];P = 0.009)。结论。母乳喂养和体育活动是儿童肥胖的保护因素，而母亲的营养状况是儿童肥胖的危险因素。儿童肥胖是亚速尔群岛当前的一个问题，母乳喂养可以是减少这一问题的一种有效、简单和负担得起的工具。
{"title":"Breastfeeding and childhood obesity in the Azores","authors":"A. I. Ferreira, I. Rosendo, Luiz Miguel Santiago, J. A. Simões","doi":"10.5114/FMPCR.2021.103151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/FMPCR.2021.103151","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The hypothesis that breastfeeding has a protective effect in childhood obesity is not new; however, contro versial results have been published. Since the Azores reported the lowest rate of breastfeeding in Portugal and a high prevalence of childhood obesity, it becomes important to understand whether these facts are related or not. Objectives. To investigate the relationship between breastfeeding and childhood obesity in a population of Azorean children. Material and methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 183 Azorean children between 5–10 years of age between Septem ber and December 2016. The weight and height of the children were measured at the consultation and other variables were investigat ed through a questionnaire. The association between breastfeeding and childhood obesity was tested using logistic regression models. Results. 18.6% of the children were obese and 74.3% were breastfed. The exclusive breastfeeding rate at 6 months was 3.3%. Comple mentary breastfeeding was present in 39.3% at 6 months and 7.1% at 2 years. Obese children were breastfed less time than non-obese children, suggesting a dose-effect relationship ( p = 0.025). We found a significant and independent relationship between infant obesity and total time of breastfeeding (RR = 0.906; 95% CI [0.842, 0.974]; p = 0.008), physical activity (RR = 0.883; 95% CI [0.801, 0.972]; p = 0.012) and maternal nutritional status (RR = 3.452; 95% CI [1.361, 8.755]; p = 0.009). Conclusions. Breastfeeding and physical activity behaved as protective factors for childhood obesity, while the nutritional status of the mother acted as a risk factor. Childhood obesity is a current problem in the Azores, and breastfeeding can be an effective, simple and affordable tool to reduce this.","PeriodicalId":44481,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Primary Care Review","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71080021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5114/FMPCR.2021.105921
Mariana Martins, R. Passos, Joana Peixoto, C. Costa, Luís Mendes, P. Santos, R. Nêveda
Background. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common chronic disease with high impact both as an independent cardio - vascular risk factor and in quality of life. Home positive pressure ventilation is the main available therapeutic intervention, depending on its utilization by patients. Objectives. Our aim was to determine the adherence to home ventilation therapy, prospecting for the determinants of compliance. Secondarily, we evaluated the direct costs of non-adherence. Material and methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study based on retrospective analysis of a sample of 1,183 OSA patients fol - lowed in a pulmonology department during 2018. Patients with less than 180 days of utilization were excluded. The adherence to ven - tilation therapy was defined by utilization of more than 4 hours a day, at least 70% of the days. Costs were calculated using Portuguese official prices for reimbursement. Results. A total of 744 patients were included for analysis. The adherents were 63.4% (95% CI: 60.5–67.4%). Ageing ( p = 0.014), severity of disease at diagnosis ( p = 0.044), room sharing ( p = 0.002), working in the primary economic sector ( p = 0.014) and using BiPAP ( p = 0.046) were associated with higher adherence. The total costs of non-adherence were estimated at 112,373.68 €. Conclusions. The adherence of patients to treatments is a relevant topic of discussion. Our results are concordant with literature, reinforcing the importance of holding the patient accountable to improve compliance with treatment. Adherence is lower than neces - sary to achieve the maximization of the therapeutic benefits, leading to a higher burden of disease, higher costs and significant waste.
{"title":"Adherence to home ventilation therapy in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: prevalence, determinants and costs of non-compliance. A cross-sectional study","authors":"Mariana Martins, R. Passos, Joana Peixoto, C. Costa, Luís Mendes, P. Santos, R. Nêveda","doi":"10.5114/FMPCR.2021.105921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/FMPCR.2021.105921","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common chronic disease with high impact both as an independent cardio - vascular risk factor and in quality of life. Home positive pressure ventilation is the main available therapeutic intervention, depending on its utilization by patients. Objectives. Our aim was to determine the adherence to home ventilation therapy, prospecting for the determinants of compliance. Secondarily, we evaluated the direct costs of non-adherence. Material and methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study based on retrospective analysis of a sample of 1,183 OSA patients fol - lowed in a pulmonology department during 2018. Patients with less than 180 days of utilization were excluded. The adherence to ven - tilation therapy was defined by utilization of more than 4 hours a day, at least 70% of the days. Costs were calculated using Portuguese official prices for reimbursement. Results. A total of 744 patients were included for analysis. The adherents were 63.4% (95% CI: 60.5–67.4%). Ageing ( p = 0.014), severity of disease at diagnosis ( p = 0.044), room sharing ( p = 0.002), working in the primary economic sector ( p = 0.014) and using BiPAP ( p = 0.046) were associated with higher adherence. The total costs of non-adherence were estimated at 112,373.68 €. Conclusions. The adherence of patients to treatments is a relevant topic of discussion. Our results are concordant with literature, reinforcing the importance of holding the patient accountable to improve compliance with treatment. Adherence is lower than neces - sary to achieve the maximization of the therapeutic benefits, leading to a higher burden of disease, higher costs and significant waste.","PeriodicalId":44481,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Primary Care Review","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71080830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5114/fmpcr.2021.108188
R. Amelia, J. Harahap, H. Wijaya
Background. Physical activity is essential to diabetic patients to improve insulin sensitivity so that diabetes can be well controlled. Objectives. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of physical activity on glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4), fasting blood glucose level (FBGL) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Medan. Material and methods. The study design was analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The study population was T2DM patients, and the number of samples was 83 people who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study protocol was approved by the research ethics committee at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, and all participants willing to participate in the study signed written informed consent. The physical activity of T2DM patients was assessed by using a global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ). The GLUT-4 level was assessed by using the Human GLUT-4 kit, which is ELISA method based. FBGL and HbA1C levels were determined by using the Doronad affinity + Modified HPLC method. Data was analyzed by the one-way ANOVA statistic test and processed by using SpSS. Results. The results showed that physical activity affected the level of GLUT-4, FBGL and HbA1C among T2DM patients. Conclusions. Medications and diet were not the main determinants of controlled BGL in diabetic patients. However, physical activity is one of the four-element points (education, dietary, physical activity, medicine) in diabetes management that must be implemented to achieve a better quality of life in diabetic patients.
{"title":"The role of physical activity on glucose transporter-4, fasting blood glucose level and glycate hemoglobin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Medan, Indonesia","authors":"R. Amelia, J. Harahap, H. Wijaya","doi":"10.5114/fmpcr.2021.108188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr.2021.108188","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Physical activity is essential to diabetic patients to improve insulin sensitivity so that diabetes can be well controlled. Objectives. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of physical activity on glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4), fasting blood glucose level (FBGL) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Medan. Material and methods. The study design was analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The study population was T2DM patients, and the number of samples was 83 people who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study protocol was approved by the research ethics committee at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, and all participants willing to participate in the study signed written informed consent. The physical activity of T2DM patients was assessed by using a global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ). The GLUT-4 level was assessed by using the Human GLUT-4 kit, which is ELISA method based. FBGL and HbA1C levels were determined by using the Doronad affinity + Modified HPLC method. Data was analyzed by the one-way ANOVA statistic test and processed by using SpSS. Results. The results showed that physical activity affected the level of GLUT-4, FBGL and HbA1C among T2DM patients. Conclusions. Medications and diet were not the main determinants of controlled BGL in diabetic patients. However, physical activity is one of the four-element points (education, dietary, physical activity, medicine) in diabetes management that must be implemented to achieve a better quality of life in diabetic patients.","PeriodicalId":44481,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Primary Care Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71081196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5114/fmpcr.2021.108192
Magdalena Bogdan, A. Prusaczyk, P. Żuk, Marika Guzek, A. Nitsch-Osuch, Joanna Oberska
Background. the ever-increasing needs and demands of patients, development of new treatments and health services together with limited financial, infrastructural and human resources require an increase in the efficiency of health care while minimizing the cost of this process. Raising cost-effectiveness at the level of individual physicians is a response to the limitations of healthcare resources and high physician involvement in the choice of diagnostics and treatment methods. Objectives. to develop efficiency indices that can be used in studies on doctors' efficiency in PhC patient care. Material and methods. the indices were developed following a pilot study at the Medical and Diagnostic Center in siedlce, Poland, literature analysis and expert consultations. they were based on Data envelopment analysis (Dea) methodology and focused on three operational areas: structure, process and outcome. the quality and reliability of the indices were tested on a group of PhC physicians. Results. 11 indices were developed: 1 index within quality of structure (patient population coverage), 7 indices within quality of process (efficiency of working time, efficiency of key appointments, efficiency of comprehensive medical consultations, efficiency of the number of basic and extended check-ups, percentage of pap smear tests, percentage of mammography screening tests, percentage of prophylactic cardiovascular screening tests) and 3 indices within quality of outcome (efficiency of the performance of health care plan, efficiency of the number if issued DILO cards, average years of life). Conclusions. the proposed indices worked well in practice, and in the future, a collective efficiency scale based on these indices is planned to be developed.
{"title":"Original efficiency indices in PHC patient care","authors":"Magdalena Bogdan, A. Prusaczyk, P. Żuk, Marika Guzek, A. Nitsch-Osuch, Joanna Oberska","doi":"10.5114/fmpcr.2021.108192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr.2021.108192","url":null,"abstract":"Background. the ever-increasing needs and demands of patients, development of new treatments and health services together with limited financial, infrastructural and human resources require an increase in the efficiency of health care while minimizing the cost of this process. Raising cost-effectiveness at the level of individual physicians is a response to the limitations of healthcare resources and high physician involvement in the choice of diagnostics and treatment methods. Objectives. to develop efficiency indices that can be used in studies on doctors' efficiency in PhC patient care. Material and methods. the indices were developed following a pilot study at the Medical and Diagnostic Center in siedlce, Poland, literature analysis and expert consultations. they were based on Data envelopment analysis (Dea) methodology and focused on three operational areas: structure, process and outcome. the quality and reliability of the indices were tested on a group of PhC physicians. Results. 11 indices were developed: 1 index within quality of structure (patient population coverage), 7 indices within quality of process (efficiency of working time, efficiency of key appointments, efficiency of comprehensive medical consultations, efficiency of the number of basic and extended check-ups, percentage of pap smear tests, percentage of mammography screening tests, percentage of prophylactic cardiovascular screening tests) and 3 indices within quality of outcome (efficiency of the performance of health care plan, efficiency of the number if issued DILO cards, average years of life). Conclusions. the proposed indices worked well in practice, and in the future, a collective efficiency scale based on these indices is planned to be developed.","PeriodicalId":44481,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Primary Care Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71081421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5114/fmpcr.2021.108186
Mohammed Albarqi, Abdullah Almaqhawi, Afnan Alrasheed, Munirah Alohaymid, Shaykhah AlSaeed, Hessa Al-Moaibed, Betool Alkwitem, Fatima Alkhalifah, Shaima Aldoughan, Jawaher AlRashada, Ahmed Elshebiny, H. Elbarbary
Background. The new coronavirus pandemic, which appeared at the end of the year 2019, was the greatest in recent decades, and it affected almost all countries and economies, causing a highly significant number of deaths. Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate patients’ knowledge and attitude when experiencing potential COVID-19 symptoms toward reporting their illness and following viral preventive precautions. Material and methods. A cross-sectional study conducted among the general population in Al-Ahsa, Eastern region, Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire distributed among the general population, divided into three parts: Socio-demographic characteristics, previous COVID-19 infection and attitude toward experiencing COVID-19 symptoms. A total of 504 responses collected in this study from December 15, 2020 to January 15, 2021. Results. We found that 31.7% were positive among the participants who did COVID-19 testing (48.8%). The level of knowledge showed that more than half (52.2%) were classified at a low knowledge level, while the rest were classified as good (47.8%). Regarding attitude, nearly two-thirds (64.1%) showed a negative attitude, while 35.9% showed a positive attitude. The workplace during the pandemic and family history of COVID-19 were the factors associated with both good knowledge and a positive attitude. Conclusions. The knowledge and attitude toward reporting potential COVID-19 symptoms were generally suboptimal. Male participants, holders of a university degree in the medical field, health practitioners or having a family member working in the medical field demonstrated better knowledge, while those who had a COVID-19 test and those with a family history of the disease positively influenced the attitude.
{"title":"Patients’ attitude and practice toward reporting potential COVID-19 symptoms among the Al-Ahsa population in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Mohammed Albarqi, Abdullah Almaqhawi, Afnan Alrasheed, Munirah Alohaymid, Shaykhah AlSaeed, Hessa Al-Moaibed, Betool Alkwitem, Fatima Alkhalifah, Shaima Aldoughan, Jawaher AlRashada, Ahmed Elshebiny, H. Elbarbary","doi":"10.5114/fmpcr.2021.108186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr.2021.108186","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The new coronavirus pandemic, which appeared at the end of the year 2019, was the greatest in recent decades, and it affected almost all countries and economies, causing a highly significant number of deaths. Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate patients’ knowledge and attitude when experiencing potential COVID-19 symptoms toward reporting their illness and following viral preventive precautions. Material and methods. A cross-sectional study conducted among the general population in Al-Ahsa, Eastern region, Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire distributed among the general population, divided into three parts: Socio-demographic characteristics, previous COVID-19 infection and attitude toward experiencing COVID-19 symptoms. A total of 504 responses collected in this study from December 15, 2020 to January 15, 2021. Results. We found that 31.7% were positive among the participants who did COVID-19 testing (48.8%). The level of knowledge showed that more than half (52.2%) were classified at a low knowledge level, while the rest were classified as good (47.8%). Regarding attitude, nearly two-thirds (64.1%) showed a negative attitude, while 35.9% showed a positive attitude. The workplace during the pandemic and family history of COVID-19 were the factors associated with both good knowledge and a positive attitude. Conclusions. The knowledge and attitude toward reporting potential COVID-19 symptoms were generally suboptimal. Male participants, holders of a university degree in the medical field, health practitioners or having a family member working in the medical field demonstrated better knowledge, while those who had a COVID-19 test and those with a family history of the disease positively influenced the attitude.","PeriodicalId":44481,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Primary Care Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71081525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5114/fmpcr.2021.110372
Ewelina Wawryk-Gawda, Andrzej Emeryk, aGniEszka Chojęta
Background. Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) constitute the most common reason for pediatric patients to report to primary care facilities. Additionally, RTIs are also a significant problem among hospitalized patients. Due to the lack of specificity in the observed symptoms, RTIs cause both diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. Objectives. The aim of our study was to explain the causes of RTIs in the pediatric population and to provide guidelines to facilitate diagnosis. Material and methods. In the study, the authors analyzed available literature dealing with the possibility of laboratory diagnosis and the results of treatment used in children with RTIs. Results. In pediatric patients, RTIs are mainly caused by viruses and occur seasonally during the autumn-winter period. There are certain factors, such as physiological distinctness resulting from developmental immaturity of the body, genetically determined diseases and specific diseases occurring during childhood, which contribute to the incidence of RTIs. Moreover, factors depending on the mother and the growth environment also significantly affect the incidence of RTIs in children. Conclusions. Available knowledge concerning the seasonality of the occurrence of individual pathogens and the differences in symptoms may facilitate an initial diagnosis. However, lower respiratory tract infections, and severe infections in particular, require the use of specific diagnostic tests which allow for both the identification of the etiological factors and the implementation of targeted treatment. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the difficulties in the diagnosis and therapy of RTIs in pediatric patients, as well as the need to develop more sensitive diagnostic tools and a more effective treatment.
{"title":"Differential diagnosis of respiratory viral infections in children during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Ewelina Wawryk-Gawda, Andrzej Emeryk, aGniEszka Chojęta","doi":"10.5114/fmpcr.2021.110372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr.2021.110372","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) constitute the most common reason for pediatric patients to report to primary care facilities. Additionally, RTIs are also a significant problem among hospitalized patients. Due to the lack of specificity in the observed symptoms, RTIs cause both diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. Objectives. The aim of our study was to explain the causes of RTIs in the pediatric population and to provide guidelines to facilitate diagnosis. Material and methods. In the study, the authors analyzed available literature dealing with the possibility of laboratory diagnosis and the results of treatment used in children with RTIs. Results. In pediatric patients, RTIs are mainly caused by viruses and occur seasonally during the autumn-winter period. There are certain factors, such as physiological distinctness resulting from developmental immaturity of the body, genetically determined diseases and specific diseases occurring during childhood, which contribute to the incidence of RTIs. Moreover, factors depending on the mother and the growth environment also significantly affect the incidence of RTIs in children. Conclusions. Available knowledge concerning the seasonality of the occurrence of individual pathogens and the differences in symptoms may facilitate an initial diagnosis. However, lower respiratory tract infections, and severe infections in particular, require the use of specific diagnostic tests which allow for both the identification of the etiological factors and the implementation of targeted treatment. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the difficulties in the diagnosis and therapy of RTIs in pediatric patients, as well as the need to develop more sensitive diagnostic tools and a more effective treatment.","PeriodicalId":44481,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Primary Care Review","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88891396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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