The faunal remains are described from Nkile and Bolondo, two archaeological sites in the equatorial rainforest of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Both river-side settlements, located in the Ruki-Tshuapa basin and dating to between the 14th century to the second half of the 20th century, show a heavy reliance on aquatic food resources. The animal remains show that fishing was a major subsistence activity, whereas hunting, slaughtering of domestic stock and harvesting of molluscs were less frequent activities. The contribution to the diet of the different animal taxa suggested by the zooarchaeological data is in line with recently published stable isotope results obtained on humans and animals from Bolondo. The type of fish, and in particular their reconstructed sizes, show that the major exploited fishing grounds were shallow waters that became accessible during the low water seasons (nowadays July-August and a minor season in March at both sites). The proportions of the exploited fish taxa are comparable to those marketed nowadays in larger urban centres. Juvenile fish, and to some extent, small crocodiles, were heavily exploited but it is argued that at the time this was still a sustainable activity that did not deplete the fauna as much as today since human populations were smaller and the fishing gear less effective.
{"title":"Subsistence strategies in the Inner Congo Basin since the 14th century AD: the faunal remains from Nkile and Bolondo (DR Congo)","authors":"Laurent Nieblas Ramírez, Veerle Linseele, None Wim Wouters, Hans-Peter Wotzka","doi":"10.15366/archaeofauna2022.31.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15366/archaeofauna2022.31.002","url":null,"abstract":"The faunal remains are described from Nkile and Bolondo, two archaeological sites in the equatorial rainforest of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Both river-side settlements, located in the Ruki-Tshuapa basin and dating to between the 14th century to the second half of the 20th century, show a heavy reliance on aquatic food resources. The animal remains show that fishing was a major subsistence activity, whereas hunting, slaughtering of domestic stock and harvesting of molluscs were less frequent activities. The contribution to the diet of the different animal taxa suggested by the zooarchaeological data is in line with recently published stable isotope results obtained on humans and animals from Bolondo. The type of fish, and in particular their reconstructed sizes, show that the major exploited fishing grounds were shallow waters that became accessible during the low water seasons (nowadays July-August and a minor season in March at both sites). The proportions of the exploited fish taxa are comparable to those marketed nowadays in larger urban centres. Juvenile fish, and to some extent, small crocodiles, were heavily exploited but it is argued that at the time this was still a sustainable activity that did not deplete the fauna as much as today since human populations were smaller and the fishing gear less effective.","PeriodicalId":44490,"journal":{"name":"ARCHAEOFAUNA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136210274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Se presentan y discuten los resultados del análisis zooarqueológico de 37 sitios arqueológicos del Valle de Mauro (31º57`S-71º01`O, ~900 msnm), emplazado en la franja meridional del Norte Semiárido del actual territorio chileno. Estos sitios abarcan una secuencia cronológica y cultural que va desde el Arcaico Tardío (ca. 3.400 años cal AP en adelante) hasta ocupaciones históricas, enfatizando la secuencia prehispánica asociada a eventos del Período Alfarero Temprano (El Molle), Intermedio Tardío (Diaguita) y Periodo Tardío (Inca). Nuestros resultados indican un consumo intensivo de camélidos (Lama guanicoe) durante el Arcaico que desciende drásticamente en sincronía con la aparición de la cerámica y prácticas hortícolas en el valle. Hacia momentos Diaguita y con prácticas agrícolas consolidadas junto a la aparición de camélidos domésticos (Lama glama), proponemos la necesidad de repensar a estos grupos con prácticas pastoriles trashumantes condicionadas por los ciclos de pasturas en el Semiárido, tal como se observa para momentos históricos.
本文介绍并讨论了位于智利北部半干旱地区南部边缘的毛罗山谷(31º57'S-71º01 ' w， ~900 msnm) 37个考古遗址的动物考古分析结果。这些遗址涵盖了从古代晚期(约3400 cal bp)到历史职业的时间和文化序列，强调了与早期陶工时期(Molle)、中后期(Diaguita)和晚期(印加)事件相关的前西班牙序列。我们的研究结果表明，在古代，骆驼(Lama guanicoe)的密集消费随着山谷中陶瓷和园艺实践的出现而急剧下降。在Diaguita时期，随着家养骆驼(Lama glama)的出现，农业实践得到了巩固，我们提出了重新思考这些群体的必要性，这些群体受半干旱地区放牧周期的制约，就像历史时刻所观察到的那样。
{"title":"Zooarqueología de todo un valle: cambios en el consumo de animales en los últimos 3.400 años en El Valle de Mauro, Norte Semiárido de Chile (31°s)","authors":"Patricio López Mendoza, Daniela Villalón, Bárbara Rivera","doi":"10.15366/archaeofauna2022.31.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15366/archaeofauna2022.31.003","url":null,"abstract":"Se presentan y discuten los resultados del análisis zooarqueológico de 37 sitios arqueológicos del Valle de Mauro (31º57`S-71º01`O, ~900 msnm), emplazado en la franja meridional del Norte Semiárido del actual territorio chileno. Estos sitios abarcan una secuencia cronológica y cultural que va desde el Arcaico Tardío (ca. 3.400 años cal AP en adelante) hasta ocupaciones históricas, enfatizando la secuencia prehispánica asociada a eventos del Período Alfarero Temprano (El Molle), Intermedio Tardío (Diaguita) y Periodo Tardío (Inca). Nuestros resultados indican un consumo intensivo de camélidos (Lama guanicoe) durante el Arcaico que desciende drásticamente en sincronía con la aparición de la cerámica y prácticas hortícolas en el valle. Hacia momentos Diaguita y con prácticas agrícolas consolidadas junto a la aparición de camélidos domésticos (Lama glama), proponemos la necesidad de repensar a estos grupos con prácticas pastoriles trashumantes condicionadas por los ciclos de pasturas en el Semiárido, tal como se observa para momentos históricos.","PeriodicalId":44490,"journal":{"name":"ARCHAEOFAUNA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136211284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-11DOI: 10.15366/archaeofauna2021.30.002
Salvador Bailon
Cuatro taxones de reptiles han sido determinados en los niveles del Epipaleolítico, del Mesolítico y del Neolítico Antiguo y Medio del yacimiento de Cova Fosca: cf. Mauremys leprosa, Timon lepidus, Zamenis scalaris y Vipera latastei. Al menos una parte de los restos es- tudiados muestra trazas de digestión y evocan la acción de un depredador de tipo mamífero en el que el hombre no puede ser excluido. El conjunto de reptiles permite inferir la existencia de un clima mediterráneo y de un paisaje con vegetación aclarada y un punto de agua.
{"title":"Reptiles de los niveles Epipaleolítico, Mesolítico y Neolítico de Cova Fosca (Ares del Maestrat, Castellón, España)","authors":"Salvador Bailon","doi":"10.15366/archaeofauna2021.30.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15366/archaeofauna2021.30.002","url":null,"abstract":"Cuatro taxones de reptiles han sido determinados en los niveles del Epipaleolítico, del Mesolítico y del Neolítico Antiguo y Medio del yacimiento de Cova Fosca: cf. Mauremys leprosa, Timon lepidus, Zamenis scalaris y Vipera latastei. Al menos una parte de los restos es- tudiados muestra trazas de digestión y evocan la acción de un depredador de tipo mamífero en el que el hombre no puede ser excluido. El conjunto de reptiles permite inferir la existencia de un clima mediterráneo y de un paisaje con vegetación aclarada y un punto de agua.","PeriodicalId":44490,"journal":{"name":"ARCHAEOFAUNA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45013323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-11DOI: 10.15366/archaeofauna2021.30.003
M. Álvarez, A. P. Alcaráz, Cristian A. KAFUMANN, Ailin Gatica, A. C. Ochoa
La tafonomía actualista constituye una poderosa herramienta para evaluar el rol de los carnívoros como formadores activos del registro fósil. Caracterizar la firma tafonómica de diferentes depredadores es clave para interpretar los patrones observados en los conjuntos faunísticos. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de una muestra ósea obtenida de 10 heces de puma procedentes del Parque Nacional Sierra de las Quijadas (San Luis, Argentina). El ob- jetivo general es caracterizar estos restos para generar una herramienta útil en la interpretación del registro fósil. El procesamiento de las fecas permitió recuperar 2913 especímenes óseos. Los resultados indicaron que el largo promedio de los especímenes es de 8,49 mm, en tanto que el ancho promedio es de 4,53 mm. Se determinó un NTAXA de nueve, con predominio de indi- viduos de la Subfamilia Dolichotinae. El 6,5% de la muestra presentaba marcas de dientes y el 91% evidencias de corrosión gástrica. En conclusión, este trabajo contribuye a la construcción de marcos de referencia útiles para la interpretación de los conjuntos fósiles. Dado que el puma es un carnívoro generalista y oportunista, al momento de utilizar estas herramientas deben tenerse en cuenta los ensambles faunísticos pasados y presentes del área de estudio.
当前的Taphonology是评估食肉动物作为化石记录活跃形成者的作用的有力工具。表征不同捕食者的Taphonomic特征是解释动物群中观察到的模式的关键。本文介绍了从阿根廷圣路易斯的Sierra de las Quijadas国家公园采集的10只美洲狮粪便中采集的骨骼样本的结果。总体目标是对这些遗骸进行表征，以产生一种有用的工具来解释化石记录。粪便的处理使2913个骨标本得以恢复。结果表明，标本的平均长度为8.49毫米，平均宽度为4.53毫米。确定了9个NTAxa，以多利科蒂纳亚科的个体为主。6.5%的样本有牙齿痕迹，91%的样本有胃腐蚀的证据。总之，这项工作有助于建立有用的化石组合解释参考框架。由于美洲狮是一种多面手和机会主义的食肉动物，在使用这些工具时，必须考虑到研究区域过去和现在的动物群。
{"title":"Restos óseos ingeridos por puma (Puma concolor) en el Parque Nacional Sierra de las Quijadas (San Luis, Argentina)","authors":"M. Álvarez, A. P. Alcaráz, Cristian A. KAFUMANN, Ailin Gatica, A. C. Ochoa","doi":"10.15366/archaeofauna2021.30.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15366/archaeofauna2021.30.003","url":null,"abstract":"La tafonomía actualista constituye una poderosa herramienta para evaluar el rol de los carnívoros como formadores activos del registro fósil. Caracterizar la firma tafonómica de diferentes depredadores es clave para interpretar los patrones observados en los conjuntos faunísticos. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de una muestra ósea obtenida de 10 heces de puma procedentes del Parque Nacional Sierra de las Quijadas (San Luis, Argentina). El ob- jetivo general es caracterizar estos restos para generar una herramienta útil en la interpretación del registro fósil. El procesamiento de las fecas permitió recuperar 2913 especímenes óseos. Los resultados indicaron que el largo promedio de los especímenes es de 8,49 mm, en tanto que el ancho promedio es de 4,53 mm. Se determinó un NTAXA de nueve, con predominio de indi- viduos de la Subfamilia Dolichotinae. El 6,5% de la muestra presentaba marcas de dientes y el 91% evidencias de corrosión gástrica. En conclusión, este trabajo contribuye a la construcción de marcos de referencia útiles para la interpretación de los conjuntos fósiles. Dado que el puma es un carnívoro generalista y oportunista, al momento de utilizar estas herramientas deben tenerse en cuenta los ensambles faunísticos pasados y presentes del área de estudio.","PeriodicalId":44490,"journal":{"name":"ARCHAEOFAUNA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48578554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-11DOI: 10.15366/archaeofauna2021.30.006
J. Cardoso, M. J. Valente
Early Neolithic settlements in southwestern Iberia are rare and, so far, only a few faunal assemblages, mostly from Portuguese Estremadura, have been analysed. The zooarchae- ological studies suggest that animal husbandry was introduced to the area by Neolithic marine settlers originating from the Mediterranean and that domesticated animal herding, particularly sheep, was of outmost importance to the human communities. Located in lower Estremadura, Carrascal is an open-air site, featuring several dwelling structures, a diversified set of artefacts, and a well-established chronology for its Early Neolithic occupation (cal BC). It also yielded a faunal assemblage of considerable size and variability, which includes vertebrates (mammals and fishes) and invertebrates (molluscs). The present study, which focuses on the vertebrate materials, shows that during Early Neolithic the community that inhabited Carrascal practiced a diversified set of subsistence activities in which animal husbandry was prevalent. There is an abundance of caprines (mainly sheep) and swine, followed by cattle. The age at death data suggests a mixed animal exploitation system, with swine being mostly killed at a younger age (presumably for meat), while cattle was slaughtered after reaching adulthood (perhaps for milk production) and caprines show a mixed pattern. This study also reinforces the idea that, for the Neolithic communities living in lower Estremadura, hunting was a less prevailing activity (au- rochs and, perhaps, wild boar were identified, but red deer is absent in Carrascal) when compared with the human groups that lived in the central Estremadura Limestone Massif, a situation that may be due to different ecosystems and human demography.
{"title":"Economy and subsistence in the Early Neolithic site of Carrascal (Oeiras, Portugal)","authors":"J. Cardoso, M. J. Valente","doi":"10.15366/archaeofauna2021.30.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15366/archaeofauna2021.30.006","url":null,"abstract":"Early Neolithic settlements in southwestern Iberia are rare and, so far, only a few faunal assemblages, mostly from Portuguese Estremadura, have been analysed. The zooarchae- ological studies suggest that animal husbandry was introduced to the area by Neolithic marine settlers originating from the Mediterranean and that domesticated animal herding, particularly sheep, was of outmost importance to the human communities. Located in lower Estremadura, Carrascal is an open-air site, featuring several dwelling structures, a diversified set of artefacts, and a well-established chronology for its Early Neolithic occupation (cal BC). It also yielded a faunal assemblage of considerable size and variability, which includes vertebrates (mammals and fishes) and invertebrates (molluscs). The present study, which focuses on the vertebrate materials, shows that during Early Neolithic the community that inhabited Carrascal practiced a diversified set of subsistence activities in which animal husbandry was prevalent. There is an abundance of caprines (mainly sheep) and swine, followed by cattle. The age at death data suggests a mixed animal exploitation system, with swine being mostly killed at a younger age (presumably for meat), while cattle was slaughtered after reaching adulthood (perhaps for milk production) and caprines show a mixed pattern. This study also reinforces the idea that, for the Neolithic communities living in lower Estremadura, hunting was a less prevailing activity (au- rochs and, perhaps, wild boar were identified, but red deer is absent in Carrascal) when compared with the human groups that lived in the central Estremadura Limestone Massif, a situation that may be due to different ecosystems and human demography.","PeriodicalId":44490,"journal":{"name":"ARCHAEOFAUNA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43892667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-11DOI: 10.15366/archaeofauna2021.30.008
E. Roselló-Izquierdo, Eduardo González-Gómez de Agüero, C. Fernández-Rodríguez, Laura Llorente‐Rodríguez, A. Morales-Muñiz
The origin and development of the Iberian Medieval fisheries is a poorly documented phenomenon both from the standpoint of historical (documentary) and material (archaeological) evidence. Such dearth of knowledge can be explained in terms of proximal (i.e., a deficient retrieval of fish remains) and ultimate causes. Among the latter, the Muslim invasion, that lasted ca. 800 years of the “medieval millennium” in the Iberian Peninsula, needs to be taken into account as it probably delayed the development of fishing fleets within the Christian kingdoms for a substantial period of time. Be it as it may, the lack of knowledge does not allow one to explore a range of critical issues of Spanish and Portuguese history, such as the role played by the ever-expanding fishing fleets of Portugal and Castilla in the process of maritime discovery and colonization that these two kingdoms fostered by the end of the Middle Ages. In this paper, the results from a comparative analysis of selected fish assemblages from primary (i.e. coastal) deposits of the northern Iberian shores are presented. The aim is to check whether changes can be documented both at the level of (1) the range of species occurring in sites from the late Iron Age (Castreña culture, IV-I BC) to the Late Middle Ages (XV AD), and (2) the skeletal spectra of certain species that could reveal a differential processing of taxa meant for local consumption and those that appear in inland sites.
{"title":"medieval fisheries of Galicia (Northwestern Iberia): A preliminary archaeozoological overview","authors":"E. Roselló-Izquierdo, Eduardo González-Gómez de Agüero, C. Fernández-Rodríguez, Laura Llorente‐Rodríguez, A. Morales-Muñiz","doi":"10.15366/archaeofauna2021.30.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15366/archaeofauna2021.30.008","url":null,"abstract":"The origin and development of the Iberian Medieval fisheries is a poorly documented phenomenon both from the standpoint of historical (documentary) and material (archaeological) evidence. Such dearth of knowledge can be explained in terms of proximal (i.e., a deficient retrieval of fish remains) and ultimate causes. Among the latter, the Muslim invasion, that lasted ca. 800 years of the “medieval millennium” in the Iberian Peninsula, needs to be taken into account as it probably delayed the development of fishing fleets within the Christian kingdoms for a substantial period of time. Be it as it may, the lack of knowledge does not allow one to explore a range of critical issues of Spanish and Portuguese history, such as the role played by the ever-expanding fishing fleets of Portugal and Castilla in the process of maritime discovery and colonization that these two kingdoms fostered by the end of the Middle Ages. In this paper, the results from a comparative analysis of selected fish assemblages from primary (i.e. coastal) deposits of the northern Iberian shores are presented. The aim is to check whether changes can be documented both at the level of (1) the range of species occurring in sites from the late Iron Age (Castreña culture, IV-I BC) to the Late Middle Ages (XV AD), and (2) the skeletal spectra of certain species that could reveal a differential processing of taxa meant for local consumption and those that appear in inland sites.","PeriodicalId":44490,"journal":{"name":"ARCHAEOFAUNA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44620447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-11DOI: 10.15366/archaeofauna2021.30.001
Nicolas DEL SOL, Victor Castillo
Recent excavations at the highland site of Chiantla Viejo (Huehuetenango De- partment, Guatemala) were conducted to refine the site stratigraphy and understand population movements during the late Postclassic and early Contact era (AD 1250-1550). Excavations re- covered animal remains from these transitional contexts. This analysis represents one of the first zooarchaeological studies of a faunal assemblage in the Guatemalan highlands at the end of the pre-Hispanic period and into Spanish contact. The results highlight the changes and also the continuities experienced by the residents of this region during the early Colonial period: the persistence of long-distance exchange networks, the continuation of wild game hunting, and the early introduction of Eurasian domesticates.
{"title":"Humans and animals in the Postclassic Cuchumatanes: the archaeological fauna from Chiantla Viejo (Huehuetenango, Guatemala)","authors":"Nicolas DEL SOL, Victor Castillo","doi":"10.15366/archaeofauna2021.30.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15366/archaeofauna2021.30.001","url":null,"abstract":"Recent excavations at the highland site of Chiantla Viejo (Huehuetenango De- partment, Guatemala) were conducted to refine the site stratigraphy and understand population movements during the late Postclassic and early Contact era (AD 1250-1550). Excavations re- covered animal remains from these transitional contexts. This analysis represents one of the first zooarchaeological studies of a faunal assemblage in the Guatemalan highlands at the end of the pre-Hispanic period and into Spanish contact. The results highlight the changes and also the continuities experienced by the residents of this region during the early Colonial period: the persistence of long-distance exchange networks, the continuation of wild game hunting, and the early introduction of Eurasian domesticates.","PeriodicalId":44490,"journal":{"name":"ARCHAEOFAUNA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42913234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-11DOI: 10.15366/archaeofauna2021.30.007
Alicia LUJÁN NAVAS, F. J. Jover Maestre
A partir de la información proporcionada por varios asentamientos excavados, emplazados en la misma línea de costa –Caserna de Sant Pau, Costamar, Barranquet, Cova de les Cendres, Tossal de les Basses–, a escasa distancia de la misma –Minas de Can Tintorer (minas 68 y 70), Cova Bolumini– o bastante alejados –La Draga, Cova del Toll, Cova Fosca, Cova de l’Or, Cova de Sant Martí, Benàmer, Cova dels Calderons, Abric de la Falguera–, se valora la importancia de la recolección, consumo y circulación de exoesqueletos de moluscos por parte de los primeros grupos neolíticos implantados en el Este de la península ibérica. El análisis de las evidencias arqueomalacológicas permite concluir que las prácticas fueron habituales de forma exclusiva entre las poblaciones neolíticas costeras, no así para aquellas alejadas a pocos kilómetros, que, en algunos casos, sí incluyeron en su dieta el consumo de moluscos terrestres. Aprovechar de forma sostenible los recursos naturales existentes en el entorno de los lugares de hábitat, configura uno de los rasgos de la racionalidad de la economía del modo de vida campesino, lo que nos conduce a la consideración de que aquellos grupos captarían los moluscos a través de prácticas de laboreo superficial en las inmediaciones de los asentamientos, empleando escasos medios humanos e instrumentales. Al mismo tiempo, las poblaciones costeras también efectuarían labores de recolección de caparazones en los cordones arenosos del litoral con el fin de ser intercambiados y/o transformados en adornos, ampliándose su demanda a medida que las comunidades neolíticas se fueron consolidando.
根据位于同一海岸线上的几个挖掘定居点（Caserna de Sant Pau、Costamar、Barranquet、Cova de les Cendres、Tossal de les Basses）提供的信息，距离该定居点不远-Can Tintorer矿山（矿山68和70）、Cova Bolumini-或相当遥远的La Draga、Cova del Toll、Cova Fosca、Cova de l'or、Cova de Sant Martí、Benámer、Cova dels Calderons、Abric de la Falguera-评估了收集的重要性，伊比利亚半岛东部植入的第一批新石器时代群体对软体动物外骨骼的消费和运动。对考古证据的分析得出的结论是，这种做法只在沿海新石器时代人口中很常见，而在几公里外的人口中则不常见，在某些情况下，这些人口的饮食中确实包括陆地软体动物的消费。可持续利用栖息地环境中现有的自然资源，是农民生活方式经济合理性的特征之一，这使我们考虑到，这些群体将通过在定居点附近进行表面劳动的做法，利用稀缺的人力和工具来捕获软体动物。与此同时，沿海居民还将在海岸的沙带上收集贝壳，以便交换和/或加工成装饰品，随着新石器时代社区的巩固，他们的需求将扩大。
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Pub Date : 2021-10-11DOI: 10.15366/archaeofauna2021.30.009
Veronica Aniceti, U. Albarella, A. Sebastiani
This paper presents a zooarchaeological analysis from the site of Spolverino (southern Tuscany, Italy). Archaeological excavations have uncovered a complex stratigraphy dated from the Roman Imperial period to Late Antiquity (late 1st- early 6th centuries AD). The industrial function of the site in Imperial times is partially reflected in the nature of the faunal assemblage. In Late Antiquity, Spolverino lost its original manufacturing functions, as many of the workshops were abandoned; our evidence, however, suggests that some livestock was kept, probably managed by a restricted group of people still living in that area. Some hunting was practiced throughout the occupation but it increased in the later periods. Remarkable, in Late Antiquity, is the occurrence of the fallow deer, an introduced species, rare in Roman contexts.
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Pub Date : 2021-10-11DOI: 10.15366/archaeofauna2021.30.005
N. Almeida, A. Valera
The results from the study of the faunal assemblage from ditch 7 of the Perdigões enclosure (Reguengos de Monsaraz, Portugal) are presented. Dated to the Chalcolithic and the transition to the early Bronze Age it comprises a total of 3380 remains. Results show the rele- vance of swine, caprines, cervids, bovines and equids and their diachronic oscillation. Indicators of butchering and consumption were recorded, comprising cutmarks, anthropogenic breakage, thermo-alterations and tooth marks, the latter mainly of a carnivore origin. The spectra obtained were compared within the scope of the Perdigões chronology, from the late Middle Neolithic to the transition to the early Bronze Age (3400-2000 BC), thus representing a first approach to the diachronic behaviour of vertebrate consumption at the site. Domesticated species are prevalent but changes in the domesticated/wild ratio are evident with a wild input, mainly from red deer, of significance in the late Middle Neolithic and in the transition to the early Bronze Age, whereas the Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods have a growth in the domesticated component.
介绍了对Perdigões围栏（Reguengos de Monsaraz，葡萄牙）第7沟动物群的研究结果。它可追溯到铜器时代和青铜时代早期，共有3380件遗迹。结果显示了猪、山羊、鹿、牛和马的相关进展及其历时振荡。记录了屠宰和消费的指标，包括切割痕迹、人为破坏、温度变化和牙齿痕迹，后者主要来自食肉动物。从新石器时代中期晚期到青铜时代早期（公元前3400-2000年），在Perdigões年表的范围内对获得的光谱进行了比较，从而代表了该遗址脊椎动物消费历时行为的第一种方法。驯化物种很普遍，但驯化/野生比例的变化很明显，主要来自马鹿的野生输入在新石器时代中期晚期和青铜时代早期的过渡时期具有重要意义，而新石器时代晚期和白垩时代的驯化成分有所增加。
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