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Unemployed foreign graduates: job prospects and options – a case analysis in Portugal 失业的外国毕业生:就业前景和选择——以葡萄牙为例分析
IF 1.9 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-11-23 DOI: 10.1108/jepp-02-2023-0020
Carla Oliveira-Silva, Andreia Soares-Semedo, Beatriz Lopez-Bermudez

Purpose

When graduates cannot get a job in their field of study, they have to consider alternative scenarios: extending studies while waiting for labor market conditions to improve; continuing looking for a qualified job; accepting a less qualified job; creating their own business; change their country of residence, which in the case of foreign citizens living in Portugal may involve new emigration or return to the country of origin.

Design/methodology/approach

An online survey was conducted with 108 foreign graduates, unemployed, 47 of whom already hold Portuguese nationality. They were asked about their country of origin, nationality, graduation, field of education, previous jobs, unemployment and alternatives to face it.

Findings

The results suggest that the main options considered are extending studies, continuing to seek skilled employment or a second migration. The desire to return to the country varies according to gender and, in some cases, the country of origin.

Originality/value

There are no studies available on the possibilities for foreign recent graduate students in terms of their choices between entering the labor market or pursuing further education.

当毕业生在专业领域找不到工作时,他们不得不考虑其他方案:延长学习时间,等待劳动力市场状况好转;继续寻找合适的工作;接受不太合格的工作;创建自己的企业;改变其居住国,对于居住在葡萄牙的外国公民,这可能涉及新的移民或返回原籍国。设计/方法/方法对108名失业的外国毕业生进行了一项在线调查,其中47人已经拥有葡萄牙国籍。他们被问及原籍国、国籍、毕业、教育领域、以前的工作、失业情况以及面对失业的选择。调查结果表明,考虑的主要选择是延长学习时间,继续寻找技术工作或第二次移民。返回本国的愿望因性别而异,有时因原籍国而异。原创性/价值目前还没有关于外国研究生在进入劳动力市场或继续深造之间选择的可能性的研究。
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引用次数: 0
New Public Governance as a new wave of the public policy: theoretical approach and conceptualization of the trend 新公共治理作为公共政策的新浪潮:趋势的理论路径与概念化
IF 1.9 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.1108/jepp-09-2023-0089
Piotr Popęda, Bartłomiej Hadasik

Purpose

The paper's primary purpose is to define and characterize the innovative concept in public management theory, New Public Governance (NPG), from its theoretical framework and the view of public management institutions. The second objective is to create a logical framework to explain this notion. The broader role of this paper is to expand the understanding of this contemporary public management trend.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodological approach of the authors' research is based on a deep understanding of theoretical sources, particularly the scientific precursors in the literature surrounding the NPG theory. The authors used the following methods to achieve the paper's goals: critical thematic literature review and synthetic comparative analysis.

Findings

In regards to scientific analysis, the goals of NPG were achieved, considering that its concept and main characteristics were displayed in definitional terms as a trend in public management, emphasizing institutional cooperation and co-production, having strengths in social inclusion and weaknesses in the lack of participatory experience of the actors. Additionally, the authors created the original 6-CO coherent conceptual framework describing the flows in the NPG operation based on theoretical foundations. The analysis of theoretical sources not only allowed the collection of common and disconnected features of the reasoning behind the definition and depth of the NPG but also insufficient development of the theory in existing sources.

Originality/value

The paper demonstrates critical new scholarship surrounding the NPG theory because it (1) applies one of the latest trends in public management, (2) juxtaposes various academics' understanding of the concept and, most importantly, (3) advances the theory of NPG with the original 6-CO coherent conceptual framework as a practical implication of the theory originator.

本文的主要目的是从公共管理理论的理论框架和公共管理机构的角度来定义和描述公共管理理论中的创新概念——新公共治理(NPG)。第二个目标是创建一个逻辑框架来解释这个概念。本文更广泛的作用是扩大对这一当代公共管理趋势的理解。设计/方法论/方法作者研究的方法论方法是基于对理论来源的深刻理解,特别是对围绕NPG理论的文献中的科学先驱的深刻理解。作者采用了以下方法来实现本文的目标:批判性专题文献综述和综合比较分析。在科学分析方面,NPG的目标已经实现,因为它的概念和主要特征在定义上显示为公共管理的一种趋势,强调机构合作和共同生产,在社会包容方面具有优势,而在行动者缺乏参与经验方面存在弱点。此外,作者在理论基础上创建了描述NPG运行流程的原始6-CO连贯概念框架。对理论来源的分析不仅收集了NPG定义和深度背后的推理的共同和不连贯的特征,而且在现有来源中理论的发展不足。本文展示了围绕NPG理论的重要新学术研究,因为它(1)应用了公共管理的最新趋势之一,(2)并列了各种学者对该概念的理解,最重要的是,(3)将NPG理论与原始的6-CO连贯概念框架结合起来,作为理论创始人的实践含义。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of entrepreneurs' perceptions and social media usage on their intention to formalise their MSMEs in Egypt 企业家的观念和社交媒体的使用对他们在埃及的中小微企业正规化意图的影响
Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1108/jepp-04-2023-0037
Rania Miniesy, Hadia Fakhreldin
Purpose The formalisation – switch from the informal to the formal sector – of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) has serious ramifications on the Egyptian economy. This study investigates the effect of the factors perceived by Egyptian informal entrepreneurs to encourage/deter formalisation on those entrepreneurs' intentions of formalising their MSMEs. Social media (SM) usage is a novel factor whose impact on the intention of formalisation is also examined. Design/methodology/approach The conceptual framework of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) is used, and a logistic regression model is utilised. Relevant data were collected from self-assessment questionnaires of a sample of Egyptian informal female and young male entrepreneurs, who constitute the majority of informal entrepreneurs in Egypt. Findings Results reveal that for female entrepreneurs, only the support of the government and other institutions positively affects their intention of formalisation, whilst direct costs and lack of family support affect their intention negatively. For young male entrepreneurs, the number of employees and prospects of contract enforcement positively affect their intention of formalisation, whilst being involved in a trading activity affects it negatively. For both groups, higher levels of education and SM usage adversely affect their intention of formalisation. These varying results have a crucial policy implication: the one-size-fits-all public policies intended to stimulate formalisation might not work, and thus, more tailored policies are required. Originality/value Worldwide, research on the impact of SM on the formalisation of MSMEs is scant, if existent. In Egypt, research on MSMEs is limited, those focusing on the impact of SM on Egyptian MSMEs are even scarcer and those targeting SM's effect on their formalisation are absent.
微型、小型和中型企业(MSMEs)的正规化——从非正规部门转向正规部门——对埃及经济产生了严重的影响。本研究调查了埃及非正式企业家认为鼓励/阻止正规化的因素对这些企业家将其中小微企业正规化意图的影响。社交媒体(SM)的使用是一个新的因素,其影响的意向正规化也进行了研究。设计/方法/方法使用计划行为理论(TPB)的概念框架,并使用逻辑回归模型。相关数据收集自埃及非正式女性和青年男性企业家样本的自我评估问卷,他们构成了埃及非正式企业家的大多数。研究结果显示,对于女性企业家而言,只有政府和其他机构的支持才会对其正规化意愿产生积极影响,而直接成本和缺乏家庭支持则会对其正规化意愿产生消极影响。对于年轻的男性企业家来说,雇员的数量和合同执行的前景对他们的正规化意图有积极的影响,而参与交易活动则会对其产生消极的影响。对于这两个群体来说,较高的教育水平和SM的使用对他们的正规化意图产生了不利影响。这些不同的结果有一个至关重要的政策含义:旨在刺激正规化的一刀切的公共政策可能不起作用,因此需要更有针对性的政策。在世界范围内,关于SM对中小微企业正规化影响的研究很少,如果有的话。在埃及,对中小微企业的研究有限,关注SM对埃及中小微企业影响的研究更少,而针对SM对其正规化影响的研究则缺失。
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引用次数: 0
Entrepreneurship skills: do all dimensions of skills matter for sustainable business start-up? 创业技能:所有方面的技能对可持续创业都很重要吗?
Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1108/jepp-03-2023-0021
Anthony Tibaingana, Kasimu Sendawula, Faisal Buyinza, Saadat Nakyejwe Lubowa Kimuli, Emmanuel Ssemuyaga, Catherine Tumusiime, Ronny Mulongo, Rita Atukwasa
Purpose The purpose of this study is to establish whether all the dimensions of entrepreneurship skills matter for sustainable business start-up among the youths, using evidence from a developing economy. Design/methodology/approach This was cross-sectional study which utilized a quantitative approach. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire from 254 youths who undertook skills training at the various government-supported business skills training centers in the Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area (GKMA), that is to say, Kampala, Mukono and Wakiso. Data collected were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to derive descriptive, correlational and hierarchical regression. Findings Study findings indicate that unlike entrepreneurial skills, management, technical and personal maturity skills matter for the sustainability of business start-up of youths in Uganda. However, when all skills are compared, management skills matter most as compared to technical and personal maturity skills. Originality/value This study strengthens the existing literature on the sustainable business start-up of youths in Uganda. It is also relevant for policy decision-making and policy reversal because it demonstrates that skilling is pertinent and should be encouraged and rolled out across the country to encourage sustainable youth business start-ups. To increase sustainable business start-up among youths, management skills should be prioritized, together with technical and personal maturity skills, compared to entrepreneurial skills, which should only be emphasized at the idea generation, planning, resource mobilization and business implementation stages.
本研究的目的是利用来自发展中经济体的证据,确定创业技能的所有维度是否对青年的可持续创业有影响。设计/方法/方法这是一项采用定量方法的横断面研究。数据是通过对254名在大坎帕拉大都市区(即坎帕拉、穆科诺和瓦基索)的政府支持的商业技能培训中心接受技能培训的年轻人的自我管理问卷收集的。收集的数据使用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS)进行分析,得出描述性,相关性和分层回归。研究结果表明,与创业技能不同,管理、技术和个人成熟技能对乌干达青年创业的可持续性很重要。然而,当所有技能进行比较时,与技术和个人成熟技能相比,管理技能最重要。原创性/价值本研究加强了乌干达青年可持续创业的现有文献。它也与政策决策和政策逆转相关,因为它表明技能是相关的,应该在全国范围内鼓励和推广,以鼓励可持续的青年创业。为了增加青年开办可持续企业的机会,应优先重视管理技能以及技术和个人成熟技能,而不应只在想法产生、规划、资源调动和业务执行阶段强调创业技能。
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引用次数: 0
Entrepreneurs and firm growth under guilt vs shame cultures 内疚与羞耻文化下的企业家与企业成长
Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1108/jepp-11-2022-0123
Feler Bose, Arkadiusz Mironko
Purpose This study aims to try and understand under what cultural conditions entrepreneurship will thrive and prosper, whether under shame or guilt cultures. Design/methodology/approach The authors use basic game theory to model the conditions under which entrepreneurship will thrive. The authors anticipate that guilt cultures allow for the development of a rules-based culture that allows for the development of impersonal exchange, whereas shame cultures, which are relationship-oriented, focus on strong ties and hence lack the means to expand firms from small and medium family/clan-based businesses. Findings Empirical results are completed to see whether guilt-dominating cultures are more conducive to having larger firms and whether guilt-dominating cultures have less informality. The authors find support for the latter but lack the right data to test the former. Originality/value The authors use a new measure of culture to see how it impacts entrepreneurship.
本研究旨在试图理解在什么样的文化条件下,无论是在羞耻文化还是内疚文化下,创业精神会蓬勃发展。设计/方法/方法作者运用基本的博弈论来模拟企业家精神蓬勃发展的条件。作者预计,内疚文化允许发展一种基于规则的文化,这种文化允许发展非个人的交流,而羞耻文化以关系为导向,注重牢固的关系,因此缺乏从中小型家庭/氏族企业扩展公司的手段。研究结果表明,罪恶感主导文化是否更有利于企业规模的扩大,以及罪恶感主导文化是否具有更少的非正式性。作者发现了对后者的支持,但缺乏验证前者的正确数据。原创性/价值两位作者使用了一种新的文化衡量标准来观察它如何影响企业家精神。
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引用次数: 0
Supporting innovation and growth through entrepreneurship: reflections on the German Federal Government's “startup strategy” 以创业支持创新增长:对德国联邦政府“创业战略”的思考
Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.1108/jepp-03-2023-0026
Andreas Kuckertz, Alexander Brem
Purpose All over the world, countries are searching for ways to foster innovation and growth through startups. This viewpoint paper presents the aims, development procedure and contents of Germany's “Startup Strategy,” published for the first time in 2022, along with a fundamental assessment of its potential usefulness. Design/methodology/approach In this opinionated viewpoint paper, the authors provide an overview of the strategy's contents and discuss it against established policy frameworks focusing on the determinants of innovative entrepreneurial activity and the potential consequences of the strategy on the micro-, meso- and macro levels of the German economy. Additionally, the authors evaluate and analyze the strategy's proposed fields of action to illustrate its potential impact on innovative entrepreneurial activity. Findings The strategy's development avoids considering an evidence-based, fundamental framework to structure its fields of action and instead relies on diverse input from various entrepreneurial agents. As a result, it emphasizes access to finance for startups and building entrepreneurial capabilities as its main fields of action. On the one hand, the authors show how the contents of the German “Startup Strategy” can be matched with the OECD (2017) framework. On the other hand, the authors offer detailed insights into how the “Startup Strategy's” fields of action might influence the German economy's micro, meso and macro levels. Research limitations/implications To the best of the authors' knowledge, this article is the first one commenting on the German government's first-ever published startup strategy. Hence, this might offer several starting points for other researchers to analyze future startup strategies. Also, comparing such strategic approaches in other European countries and beyond might be a starting point for developing public policies in this field. Also, researchers on entrepreneurial ecosystems and innovation ecosystems will find concrete anchor points for these subject areas. Practical implications Policymakers can use this viewpoint paper to devise future actions. The paper provides concrete fields of action on the individual and company levels, as well as on a national economic and regional ecosystem level, to derive such recommendations. Originality/value Germany is one of the strongest economic nations in the world and by far in Europe. Hence, this startup strategy comes with the potential for substantial impact. This viewpoint paper may inspire the development of other national strategies to create a positive economic and societal environment supporting the emergence of more innovative startups. In particular, the strategy's focus on diversity and social entrepreneurship seems promising.
在世界各地,各国都在寻找通过创业来促进创新和增长的方法。本文介绍了德国于2022年首次发布的“创业战略”的目标、发展过程和内容,并对其潜在用途进行了基本评估。在这篇固执的观点论文中,作者概述了该战略的内容,并将其与现有的政策框架进行了讨论,重点关注创新创业活动的决定因素以及该战略对德国经济的微观、中观和宏观层面的潜在影响。此外,作者还评估和分析了该战略提出的行动领域,以说明其对创新创业活动的潜在影响。该战略的制定避免考虑以证据为基础的基本框架来构建其行动领域,而是依赖于各种企业代理人的不同投入。因此,它强调为初创企业获得融资和建立创业能力作为其主要行动领域。一方面,作者展示了德国“创业战略”的内容如何与经合组织(2017)框架相匹配。另一方面,作者对“创业战略”的行动领域如何影响德国经济的微观、中观和宏观层面提供了详细的见解。据作者所知,这篇文章是第一篇评论德国政府首次发布的创业战略的文章。因此,这可能为其他研究人员分析未来的创业策略提供了几个起点。此外,比较其他欧洲国家和其他国家的这种战略方针可能是制定这一领域公共政策的起点。此外,创业生态系统和创新生态系统的研究人员将为这些主题领域找到具体的锚点。政策制定者可以利用这篇观点论文来设计未来的行动。该文件提供了个人和公司层面以及国家经济和区域生态系统层面的具体行动领域,以得出这些建议。德国是世界上最强大的经济国家之一,也是欧洲最强大的经济国家之一。因此,这种创业策略可能会产生重大影响。这篇观点论文可能会启发其他国家战略的发展,以创造一个积极的经济和社会环境,支持更多创新型初创企业的出现。特别是,该战略对多样性和社会企业家精神的关注似乎很有希望。
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引用次数: 0
Institutional support and self-efficacy as catalysts for new venture performance: a study of iGen entrepreneurs 制度支持和自我效能感对新创企业绩效的促进作用:对iGen企业家的研究
Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1108/jepp-02-2023-0015
Nurul Hidayana Mohd Noor, Amirah Mohamad Fuzi, Afief El Ashfahany
Purpose The success of a young entrepreneur depends on how institutional support can facilitate venture performance. Drawing on the institutional theory, this study posited the role of self-efficacy in supporting the effect of institutional support. Self-efficacy is a driving factor for entrepreneurs in managing and implementing business action confidently and successfully. With macro- and micro-oriented research, this study aims to examine how the micro-level factor that is self-efficacy could mediate the influence of macro-level factors (i.e. institutional governance, cultural and social norms and cognitive structure) toward iGen's new venture performance. Design/methodology/approach A total of 462 respondents representing the population of Malaysian iGen entrepreneurs participated in this study. The samples were selected using a multistage sampling technique (i.e. probability cluster sampling technique and non-probability purposive sampling). Survey items were adapted from the previous studies. Structural equation modelling was used, and the first stage involved testing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the measurement items' unidimensionality, validity and reliability. The second stage of analysis is to test the mediation model. Findings The mediation analysis results confirm that the relationship between institutional governance, cultural and social norms, cognitive structure and new venture performance is mediated by self-efficacy. The results confirm that the relationship between institutional governance and cultural and social norms toward new venture performance is fully mediated by self-efficacy. On the other hand, the relationship between cognitive structure and new venture performance is partially mediated by self-efficacy. Research limitations/implications For future research, it is necessary to consider a wide-ranging sample size in improving research generalisation. Moreover, the cross-sectional study only observes the phenomenon at a certain point and cannot explain the process in the correlational relationship. Future researchers are encouraged to adopt a longitudinal study, which allows the researchers to study a sample throughout a period to draw firm conclusions. Survey data also raise the concern of common method variance (CMV), and future studies may use different data types to solve the problem. In addition, future studies are encouraged to examine other factors that could influence new venture performance. Originality/value This study extends the current literature on public policy and entrepreneurship. It comprehensively explains the relationship between institutional governance, cultural and social norms, cognitive structure and self-efficacy toward new venture performance. This study was also conducted in a developing country and iGen context, which can offer new insights into the current literature. Many empirical studies have applied institutional theory in examining entrepreneurship action and behaviour, yet
年轻企业家的成功取决于制度支持如何促进创业绩效。本研究借鉴制度理论,提出了自我效能感对制度支持效果的支持作用。自我效能是企业家自信和成功地管理和实施商业行动的驱动因素。本研究以宏观和微观为研究取向,探讨自我效能感这一微观层面因素如何中介制度治理、文化社会规范和认知结构等宏观层面因素对创业绩效的影响。设计/方法/方法共有462名受访者代表马来西亚iGen企业家参与了这项研究。样本选择采用多阶段抽样技术(即概率聚类抽样技术和非概率目的抽样)。调查项目改编自以前的研究。采用结构方程模型,第一阶段采用验证性因子分析(CFA)检验测量项目的单维性、效度和信度。分析的第二阶段是测试中介模型。中介分析结果证实,制度治理、文化和社会规范、认知结构与创业绩效之间的关系存在自我效能感的中介作用。研究结果证实,制度治理、文化规范和社会规范对新创企业绩效的影响是由自我效能感完全中介的。另一方面,认知结构与创业绩效之间的关系被自我效能感部分中介。对于未来的研究,有必要考虑广泛的样本量,以提高研究的概括性。而且,横断面研究只观察某一点上的现象,不能解释相关关系中的过程。未来的研究人员被鼓励采用纵向研究,这允许研究人员在一段时间内研究一个样本,以得出确定的结论。调查数据也引起了共同方法方差(common method variance, CMV)的关注,未来的研究可能会使用不同的数据类型来解决这个问题。此外,鼓励未来的研究检查可能影响新创企业绩效的其他因素。原创性/价值本研究扩展了当前关于公共政策和企业家精神的文献。它全面解释了制度治理、文化和社会规范、认知结构和自我效能对新创企业绩效的关系。这项研究也是在发展中国家和iGen的背景下进行的,这可以为当前的文献提供新的见解。许多实证研究运用制度理论考察了企业家的行为和行为,但对微观层面因素的学术投入有限。本研究从宏观和微观两方面考察了自我效能感作为潜在中介变量的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial: Three intellectual debts and the three horses of entrepreneurship. The Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy celebrates ten years 社论:三个智力债务和创业的三匹马。《创业与公共政策杂志》庆祝成立十周年
IF 1.9 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-03-08 DOI: 10.1108/jepp-03-2023-123
N. Wenzel
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引用次数: 0
Guest editorial: Introduction to the 10th-anniversary special issue 嘉宾评论:十周年特刊简介
IF 1.9 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-03-08 DOI: 10.1108/jepp-03-2023-122
Per L. Bylund
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引用次数: 0
Group polarization?: an analysis of Parler data in the wake of the capitol riot 群体极化?:国会大厦暴乱后Parler数据分析
IF 1.9 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-02-14 DOI: 10.1108/jepp-08-2022-0087
Julia R. Norgaard, H. Walbert
PurposeThis paper tests the degree to which Sunstein's law of group polarization predicts the increase or decrease in polarization among individuals in an out-group during a polarizing event. The authors use the discourse on Parler surrounding the events of January 6th as a case study.Design/methodology/approachThe study includes an overall sentiment analysis, a statistical analysis of emotions, along with eight other feelings, including anger, anticipation, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, surprise and trust. Specifically, the authors measure the differences in feelings related language used in posts as they pertain to Donald Trump and the Make America Great Again (MAGA) movement vs. Trump's Vice President Mike Pence both before and after January 6, 2021. The authors use this empirical analysis to show whether polarization in the Parler community increased or decreased after January 6th.FindingsThe authors find evidence that there is more complexity to polarization than Sunstein's theory would predict. The authors would expect a very polarized outed group to become more polarized relative to the general public after a central event; however, the authors see two extremes emerging within the Parler community (both strongly positive and strongly negative feelings toward Trump). The authors do not see unanimous consent across the Parler platform as Sunstein's theory would suggest; the out-group is becoming more polarized relative to the rest of the population. Instead, the authors observe a wide mix in reactions. The results of this study demonstrate that there is dissent even among the Parler echo chamber. For many themes surrounding the January 6th riots, Parler users express strong disagreement with each other and a lack of unity in their feelings for former President Trump.Research limitations/implicationsThe results suggest further research into polarization of outed groups and the policy implications of their polarization changes over time.Practical implicationsIncreases in group polarization are often a motivator for public policy and are further becoming a major focus for research. Brookings' authors Stephanie Forrest and Joshua Daymude point to polarization as a substantial threat to American society, claiming “reducing extreme polarization is key to stabilizing democracy” (2022). Researchers Diana Epstein and John D. Graham demonstrate that polarized politics has impacted the “substance of rulemaking, judicial decisions, and legislation” along with “complicating long-term policy changes” (2007). The authors study how entrepreneurs have responded to this increase in polarization and its implications for public policy.Social implicationsNot only does group polarization impact all types of groups, from the social to the economic, but also it has “particular implications for insulated ‘outgroups’” (Sunstein, 1999, p. 21). Groups that are excluded by either coercion or choice from dialog with other groups become even more polarized and extreme (Sun
目的本文检验了群体极化的Sunstein定律在多大程度上预测了极化事件中群体外个体极化的增加或减少。作者使用围绕1月6日事件的关于Parler的论述作为案例研究。设计/方法/方法该研究包括整体情绪分析,情绪的统计分析,以及其他八种情绪,包括愤怒、期待、厌恶、恐惧、喜悦、悲伤、惊讶和信任。具体而言,作者衡量了2021年1月6日前后,唐纳德·特朗普和“让美国再次伟大”运动与特朗普的副总统迈克·彭斯在帖子中使用的情感相关语言的差异。作者使用这一实证分析来显示Parler社区的两极分化在1月6日之后是增加还是减少。发现有证据表明,两极分化比Sunstein的理论预测的更复杂。作者预计,在一个中心事件之后,一个非常两极分化的暴露群体相对于公众会变得更加两极分化;然而,作者看到Parler社区中出现了两个极端(对特朗普既有强烈的积极情绪,也有强烈的消极情绪)。正如Sunstein的理论所表明的那样,作者们并没有看到整个Parler平台的一致同意;相对于其他人群,外来群体变得更加两极化。相反,作者观察到了各种各样的反应。这项研究的结果表明,即使在Parler回声室中也存在异议。对于围绕1月6日骚乱的许多主题,Parler用户表达了彼此之间的强烈分歧,以及他们对前总统特朗普的感情缺乏统一。研究局限性/含义研究结果表明,需要进一步研究暴露群体的两极分化,以及他们的两极分化随时间变化的政策含义。实际含义群体两极分化的加剧往往是公共政策的动力,并进一步成为研究的主要焦点。布鲁金斯学会的作者Stephanie Forrest和Joshua Daymude指出,两极分化是对美国社会的重大威胁,声称“减少极端两极分化是稳定民主的关键”(2022)。研究人员戴安娜·爱泼斯坦(Diana Epstein)和约翰·D·格雷厄姆(John D.Graham)证明,两极分化的政治影响了“规则制定、司法裁决和立法的实质”,同时“使长期政策变化复杂化”(2007年)。作者研究了企业家如何应对两极分化的加剧及其对公共政策的影响。社会含义群体两极分化不仅影响从社会到经济的所有类型的群体,而且“对孤立的‘外群体’也有特殊的含义”(Sunstein,1999,第21页)。由于胁迫或选择而被排除在与其他群体对话之外的群体变得更加两极分化和极端(Sunstein,1999;Turner等人,1989)。原创性/价值作者进行了其他论文没有涉及的实证分析。本文总结了Parler样本数据集,并分析了与1月6日事件相关的各种主题,即特朗普总统和MAGA主题以及彭斯副总统。分析显示,1月6日之后,与副总统迈克·彭斯有关的负面情绪和情绪急剧增加,对特朗普总统的支持程度参差不齐,国会骚乱前后厌恶情绪增加。
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Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy
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