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Human capital and innovation in Uruguayan manufacturing firms 乌拉圭制造业企业的人力资本与创新
IF 1.9 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1108/jepp-03-2023-0023
Marcos Segantini

Purpose

Firms are the primary producers of innovations, and understanding how these agents acquire, update and manage the knowledge of their employees is central to understanding economic growth. However, in developing economies, technology adaptation plays a critical role in innovation compared to knowledge creation. Thus, this research investigates the role of human capital in innovation at the firm level in the case of a small developing economy, which ranks highly on several human capital dimensions but shows declining levels of investment in advanced human capital development in its manufacturing sector.

Design/methodology/approach

This research examines the relationship between innovation and human capital at the firm level in a small peripheral economy. The human capital theory is applied to a firm context to understand variations in innovative behavior depending on the size of manufacturing companies. The effect of several human capital dimensions on product innovation is estimated by applying binomial logistic regression models with firm and time-fixed effects.

Findings

This article contributes to innovation economics and public policy by highlighting that not all dimensions of human capital operate similarly for all companies in the context of developing economies. In such settings, technology adaptation plays a critical role in innovation. While employees' human capital endowments significantly impact small firms in that context, firm-level practices such as internal training are crucial for large companies. Consequently, policymakers should consider that firms' human capital endowments impact their innovative behavior differently to avoid one-size-fits-all policy design approaches in this regard.

Originality/value

Prior research on the relationship between human capital and innovation in developing economies was based on a cross-sectional approach. This research's unique panel dataset covering 11-year triennial innovation surveys enabled a modeling strategy that controls for time-invariant unobservable firm characteristics. Three aspects of firms' human capital have been analyzed human capital endowments, internal training and human resource management (HRM) practices for the first time longitudinally in a developing economy, enabling to contrast of empirical findings with policy design.

目的企业是创新的主要生产者,了解这些主体如何获取、更新和管理其员工的知识对于了解经济增长至关重要。然而,在发展中经济体,与知识创造相比,技术改造在创新中起着至关重要的作用。因此,本研究以一个小型发展中经济体为例,调查人力资本在企业创新中的作用。该经济体在多个人力资本维度上排名靠前,但其制造业部门在高级人力资本开发方面的投资水平却在下降。将人力资本理论应用于企业背景,以了解创新行为因制造企业规模而异的情况。本文强调,在发展中经济体的背景下,并非所有人力资本维度对所有企业的作用都是相似的,从而为创新经济学和公共政策做出了贡献。在这种情况下,技术改造对创新起着至关重要的作用。在这种情况下,员工的人力资本禀赋对小公司有重大影响,而内部培训等公司层面的做法对大公司则至关重要。因此,政策制定者应考虑到企业的人力资本禀赋对其创新行为的不同影响,以避免在这方面采取一刀切的政策设计方法。 原创性/价值有关发展中经济体人力资本与创新之间关系的先前研究基于横截面方法。本研究采用独特的面板数据集,涵盖 11 年三年一次的创新调查,从而能够采用建模策略,控制不随时间变化的不可观察企业特征。研究首次在发展中经济体纵向分析了企业人力资本的三个方面:人力资本禀赋、内部培训和人力资源管理(HRM)实践,从而将经验发现与政策设计进行对比。
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引用次数: 0
Introducing a new state-level occupational licensing requirement database 引入新的州一级职业许可要求数据库
IF 1.9 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1108/jepp-05-2023-0047
Conor Norris, Edward Timmons, Ethan Kelley, Troy Carneal

Purpose

This paper aims to discuss a new source of data detailing state level occupational licensing requirements for 50 professions.

Design/methodology/approach

This study's research team gathered state level licensing requirements for 50 profession in all 50 states and DC from 2022 to 2023. The authors include the type of regulation, entry requirements like fees, education, training, good moral character provisions and renewal requirements. The authors include Standard Occupational Classification industry codes to allow researchers to merge it with other publicly available data sources. Finally, the authors present descriptive statistics and provide a comparison of licensing requirements for audiologists, an occupation with variation in entry requirements.

Findings

The mean number of the 50 professions licensed in states is 36. On average, these professions require a bachelor's degree, $271 in licensing fees and 26 h of continuing education to renew. For the audiologist profession, there is considerable variation between states in entry requirements like fees and education.

Originality/value

Despite a large body of work on occupational licensing, data limitations still exist. Most analysis focuses on whether a profession is licensed or not. However, there is considerable variation between states for the same profession, providing an avenue for work estimating the effects of specific licensing requirements. A new source of data is introduced and discussed for researchers to use in future analyses of occupational licensing.

本研究的研究团队收集了 2022 年至 2023 年美国 50 个州和华盛顿特区 50 个职业的州级许可要求。作者包括法规类型、入职要求(如费用、教育、培训、良好道德品质规定和续期要求)。作者还提供了标准职业分类行业代码,以便研究人员将其与其他公开数据源进行合并。最后,作者提供了描述性统计数据,并对听力学家的许可要求进行了比较,听力学家是一种入职要求各不相同的职业。这些职业平均需要学士学位、271 美元的许可费和 26 小时的继续教育才能更新。就听力学家这一职业而言,各州在费用和教育程度等入门要求方面存在很大差异。大多数分析都集中于某一职业是否获得许可。然而,同一职业在不同州之间存在很大差异,这为估算特定许可要求的影响提供了一个途径。本文介绍并讨论了一种新的数据来源,供研究人员在今后的职业许可分析中使用。
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引用次数: 0
Economic analysis of institutional factors influencing the entrepreneurial level of young adults in Poland. Evidence from conjoint experiment 影响波兰年轻人创业水平的制度因素的经济分析。联合实验的证据
IF 1.9 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1108/jepp-06-2023-0056
Julia Maria Borządek

Purpose

This article aims at contributing to the literature using conjoint experiment methods for political economic problems. The author measures the stated willingness of young adults to start an enterprise in hypothetical realities described by different levels of six institutional factors pertaining to the business environment.

Design/methodology/approach

The author conducts the “forced-choice” conjoint experiment on a sample of 200 young Polish students. This analysis allows for the verification of the expectations concerning the differences in the respondents' stated preferences relating to the potential obstacles to their entrepreneurial inclinations. The author estimates the average marginal component effects (AMCEs) and the marginal means (MMs).

Findings

Evidence is provided that the institutional factors are not similarly significant to the stated entrepreneurial preferences of Polish young adults. Legal certainty and economic freedom are the attributes of the most notable effect on respondents' feelings about perceived entrepreneurial barriers; however, the results vary across the subgroups.

Practical implications

The study results provide a tentative perspective on the Polish young adults' feelings about institutions as a potential obstacle to their entrepreneurial inclinations. The employment of conjoint methodology lays the groundwork for scholars studying the entrepreneurial environment, legal institutions and current public mood of different social groups.

Originality/value

This study is a unique attempt to answer political economic questions concerning entrepreneurial institutions in Poland through the implementation of a comprehensive market research method. In addition, the author indicates a specific set of six institutional factors as well as define a distinct group of young adults.

目的 本文旨在为使用联合实验方法研究政治经济问题的文献做出贡献。作者对 200 名波兰青年学生进行了 "强迫选择 "联合实验。通过分析,可以验证受访者在创业倾向的潜在障碍方面的偏好差异预期。作者估算了平均边际成分效应 (AMCE) 和边际平均值 (MMs)。研究结果有证据表明,制度因素对波兰青年的既定创业偏好并不具有类似的重要意义。法律确定性和经济自由是对受访者感知到的创业障碍影响最显著的属性;然而,不同分组的结果也不尽相同。联合研究方法的运用为学者们研究不同社会群体的创业环境、法律制度和当前的公众情绪奠定了基础。原创性/价值本研究通过实施全面的市场调研方法,回答了有关波兰创业制度的政治经济问题,是一次独特的尝试。此外,作者还指出了一组特定的六项制度因素,并界定了一个独特的青壮年群体。
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引用次数: 0
What drives the effectiveness of public startup support programs? Empirical insights from the “EXIST-business startup grant” 是什么推动了公共初创企业支持计划的有效性?来自 "EXIST-初创企业补助金 "的经验启示
IF 1.9 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-25 DOI: 10.1108/jepp-08-2023-0083
Christoph Emanuel Mueller

Purpose

In a recent quasi-experimental study, the effects of a large German public startup support measure entitled “EXIST – Business Startup Grant” (EGS) on a variety of outcomes were determined, but without examining which factors are responsible for these program effects. The present study investigates the contribution of several factors to the success of the program in promoting product development and business planning.

Design/methodology/approach

By means of a two-wave panel design and fixed-effects panel regressions, evidence is generated that provides unique insights into the effect mechanisms of a publicly funded startup grant. The data for the study come from the program monitoring of the startup support measure.

Findings

Several factors were identified that significantly drive the effects of the program on the product development and business planning stages, namely the program-induced improvement of the skills of the startup team, intensification of cooperation with pilot customers/users, increase in the degree of networking and advice/support from third parties and the effort put into business plan preparation.

Originality/value

Startup support programs are a crucial aspect of technology and innovation policies, which are often evaluated in order to find out whether they generate effects. Assessing whether a program is effective or not, however, does not usually allow specific recommendations on how to improve the measure to be developed. Further information on the mechanisms of intervention is needed for this purpose. The present study takes up on this idea and provides this information for a specific type of public startup support measure.

目的 在最近的一项准实验研究中,确定了名为 "EXIST - 创业补助金"(EGS)的德国大型公共创业支持措施对各种结果的影响,但没有研究这些计划效果是由哪些因素造成的。本研究通过两波面板设计和固定效应面板回归,对该计划在促进产品开发和业务规划方面取得成功的几个因素进行了调查。研究数据来自于对初创企业支持措施的项目监测。研究结果发现,有几个因素极大地推动了项目对产品开发和商业规划阶段的影响,即项目促使初创企业团队技能的提高、与试点客户/用户合作的加强、网络程度的提高、来自第三方的建议/支持以及为商业计划准备所付出的努力。原创性/价值初创企业支持项目是技术和创新政策的一个重要方面,人们通常会对其进行评估,以了解它们是否产生了效果。然而,评估一项计划是否有效,通常无法就如何改进措施提出具体建议。为此,需要进一步了解干预机制。本研究秉承了这一理念,为一种特殊的公共创业支持措施提供了这方面的信息。
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引用次数: 0
Do psychological and social factors drive female youth entrepreneurial readiness: the moderating effect of entrepreneurial education 心理和社会因素是否推动女性青年做好创业准备:创业教育的调节作用
IF 1.9 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.1108/jepp-01-2023-0002
Fanny Adams Quagrainie

Purpose

Using resource-based theory as a base, this paper aims to analyse the moderating role of entrepreneurial education on the relationship between psychological (perseverance and fear of failure) and social (family support and role models) factors as they related to entrepreneurial readiness among female youth.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample of 1914 female youth who have pursued a formal entrepreneurial course was used to understand the relationship and its impact on entrepreneurial readiness. Liner regression technique was used to understand the hypotheses set for the study.

Findings

The results signify a positive impact of perseverance and family support for entrepreneurial readiness, while that of fear of failure was negative, role models were positive but non-significant. Entrepreneurial education was key for enhancing psychological and social factors abilities for female youth entrepreneurial readiness.

Research limitations/implications

The cross-sectional data collected from females in an urban area makes the generalisation of the findings challenging.

Practical implications

Policymakers and academia are to be cognizant of the fact that formal entrepreneurial education is a contributor to entrepreneurial readiness.

Originality/value

This study adds to the paucity of research on entrepreneurial readiness of female youth in developing economies like Ghana with the identification and explanation of its antecedents as well as situating it in both resource-based view and social capital theories.

目的 本文以资源基础理论为基础,旨在分析创业教育对心理因素(毅力和对失败的恐惧)和社会因 素(家庭支持和榜样)之间关系的调节作用,因为它们与女青年的创业准备程度有关。研究结果表明,毅力和家庭支持对创业准备的影响是积极的,而害怕失败的影响是消极的,榜样的影响是积极的,但不显著。创业教育是提高女青年创业准备的心理和社会因素能力的关键。研究局限性/意义从城市地区女性收集的横截面数据使研究结果的推广具有挑战性。本研究对加纳等发展中经济体中女青年创业准备度的研究较少,因此本研究对其前因后果进行了识别和解释,并将其置于基于资源的观点和社会资本理论之中,从而为这方面的研究增添了新的内容。
{"title":"Do psychological and social factors drive female youth entrepreneurial readiness: the moderating effect of entrepreneurial education","authors":"Fanny Adams Quagrainie","doi":"10.1108/jepp-01-2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jepp-01-2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>Using resource-based theory as a base, this paper aims to analyse the moderating role of entrepreneurial education on the relationship between psychological (perseverance and fear of failure) and social (family support and role models) factors as they related to entrepreneurial readiness among female youth.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>A sample of 1914 female youth who have pursued a formal entrepreneurial course was used to understand the relationship and its impact on entrepreneurial readiness. Liner regression technique was used to understand the hypotheses set for the study.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The results signify a positive impact of perseverance and family support for entrepreneurial readiness, while that of fear of failure was negative, role models were positive but non-significant. Entrepreneurial education was key for enhancing psychological and social factors abilities for female youth entrepreneurial readiness.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Research limitations/implications</h3>\u0000<p>The cross-sectional data collected from females in an urban area makes the generalisation of the findings challenging.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Practical implications</h3>\u0000<p>Policymakers and academia are to be cognizant of the fact that formal entrepreneurial education is a contributor to entrepreneurial readiness.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>This study adds to the paucity of research on entrepreneurial readiness of female youth in developing economies like Ghana with the identification and explanation of its antecedents as well as situating it in both resource-based view and social capital theories.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":44503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138561169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mr. Smith goes to flatland: institutions, public policy and the bossless company 史密斯先生去平地:机构、公共政策和无老板公司
IF 1.9 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1108/jepp-10-2022-0102
Matthew McCaffrey

Purpose

This study aims to explore a range of institutional, environmental and policy conditions that influence the creation of “bossless” or “flat” companies, i.e. firms with little or no formal hierarchy.

Design/methodology/approach

The author builds on the theory and evidence presented by Foss and Klein (2022) in their study of the costs and benefits of organizing without hierarchy. The author also draws on a variety of related theoretical insights and empirical evidence. The paper is exploratory and anecdotal though and is intended to motivate further research rather than provide a definitive account of bossless organizing.

Findings

The paper develops nine propositions. It suggests that high levels of economic freedom create maximum scope for entrepreneurs to experiment with different organizational forms (1). Likewise, a lack of economic freedom increases the scope for the government to experiment (2). Markets characterized by technological innovation and uncertainty are likely to discourage bossless organizing (3 and 4), while stagnating industries with major capital requirements are likely to encourage it (5). Labor market interventions that increase the cost of employment contracts sometimes encourage firms to flatten (6), but more generally, these interventions encourage expanding management layers (7). In environments with strong intellectual property (IP) laws, companies with more modular and knowledge-based work are more likely to flatten (8). The creation of low-hierarchy firms such as cooperatives is encouraged by public subsidies, access to cheap credit and preferential tax treatment (9).

Originality/value

Studies of bossless or flat firms focus almost exclusively on describing their internal organization and evaluating their performance; little attention is paid to the conditions that encourage or discourage the emergence of these firms. This paper focuses on the latter, with a view to encouraging more scholarly interest in this field.

本研究旨在探讨影响创建 "无老板 "或 "扁平化 "公司(即很少或没有正式等级制度的公司)的一系列制度、环境和政策条件。作者还借鉴了各种相关的理论见解和经验证据。本文具有探索性和传闻性,旨在推动进一步的研究,而不是对无领导组织进行定论。它认为,高度的经济自由为企业家创造了最大的空间,使他们可以尝试不同的组织形式(1)。同样,缺乏经济自由也会增加政府的试验空间(2)。以技术创新和不确定性为特征的市场可能会阻碍无老板组织(3 和 4),而对资本要求较高的停滞行业则可能会鼓励无老板组织(5)。增加雇佣合同成本的劳动力市场干预措施有时会鼓励企业扁平化(6),但更普遍的是,这些干预措施会鼓励扩大管理层次(7)。在知识产权(IP)法律健全的环境中,模块化和知识型工作更多的公司更有可能实现扁平化(8)。公共补贴、廉价信贷和优惠税收待遇也鼓励创建合作社等低层级公司(9)。 原创性/价值对无老板公司或扁平化公司的研究几乎都集中在描述其内部组织结构和评估其绩效上,很少关注鼓励或阻碍这些公司出现的条件。本文侧重于后者,以期鼓励学术界对这一领域产生更多兴趣。
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引用次数: 0
From unemployment to self-employment: what does it mean for an individual's satisfaction and economic self-sufficiency? 从失业到自主创业:这对个人满意度和经济自给自足意味着什么?
IF 1.9 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.1108/jepp-07-2023-0070
Ondřej Dvouletý

Purpose

This research extends the knowledge on the less-frequently explored outcomes of entrepreneurial endeavour. The study provides unique insights into the overall satisfaction of entrepreneurs with their life, job and financial situation, as well as perceived economic self-sufficiency and income. The obtained findings represent a specific group of Czech self-employed individuals who started their businesses while unemployed, with the help of public financial assistance.

Design/methodology/approach

The presented contribution is based on a primary survey among those individuals (N = 128), conducted in 2022 and triangulated by insights from informal interviews with the respondents and earlier empirical evidence.

Findings

The main findings document that most of the surveyed entrepreneurs are overall satisfied with their lives and jobs, their incomes are above the minimum wage and, despite the challenges faced, they mainly benefit from autonomy associated with this career choice. The multivariate ordered logistic regression results highlight the significance of several previously identified variables, such as gender, health status, formal education, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and family situation, that influence the studied outcomes and provide opportunities and challenges for ongoing research.

Originality/value

The conducted study acknowledges the need to consider the whole picture of entrepreneurship success. Therefore, it provided insights into the monetary and non-monetary outcomes of the specific type of entrepreneurship.

目的:本研究扩展了关于创业努力较少被探索的结果的知识。这项研究对企业家对生活、工作和财务状况的总体满意度,以及对经济自给自足和收入的看法,提供了独特的见解。所获得的调查结果代表了捷克一个特殊的个体经营者群体,他们在失业期间在公共财政援助的帮助下创业。设计/方法/方法本文的贡献基于对这些个人(N = 128)的初步调查,该调查于2022年进行,并通过对受访者的非正式访谈和早期经验证据的见解进行三角测量。主要调查结果表明,大多数被调查的企业家对他们的生活和工作总体上感到满意,他们的收入高于最低工资,尽管面临挑战,但他们主要受益于与职业选择相关的自主权。多元有序逻辑回归结果强调了先前确定的几个变量的重要性,如性别、健康状况、正规教育、创业自我效能感和家庭状况,这些变量影响研究结果,并为正在进行的研究提供了机会和挑战。这项研究承认有必要考虑创业成功的全貌。因此,它提供了对特定类型的创业的货币和非货币结果的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Unemployed foreign graduates: job prospects and options – a case analysis in Portugal 失业的外国毕业生:就业前景和选择——以葡萄牙为例分析
IF 1.9 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-23 DOI: 10.1108/jepp-02-2023-0020
Carla Oliveira-Silva, Andreia Soares-Semedo, Beatriz Lopez-Bermudez

Purpose

When graduates cannot get a job in their field of study, they have to consider alternative scenarios: extending studies while waiting for labor market conditions to improve; continuing looking for a qualified job; accepting a less qualified job; creating their own business; change their country of residence, which in the case of foreign citizens living in Portugal may involve new emigration or return to the country of origin.

Design/methodology/approach

An online survey was conducted with 108 foreign graduates, unemployed, 47 of whom already hold Portuguese nationality. They were asked about their country of origin, nationality, graduation, field of education, previous jobs, unemployment and alternatives to face it.

Findings

The results suggest that the main options considered are extending studies, continuing to seek skilled employment or a second migration. The desire to return to the country varies according to gender and, in some cases, the country of origin.

Originality/value

There are no studies available on the possibilities for foreign recent graduate students in terms of their choices between entering the labor market or pursuing further education.

当毕业生在专业领域找不到工作时,他们不得不考虑其他方案:延长学习时间,等待劳动力市场状况好转;继续寻找合适的工作;接受不太合格的工作;创建自己的企业;改变其居住国,对于居住在葡萄牙的外国公民,这可能涉及新的移民或返回原籍国。设计/方法/方法对108名失业的外国毕业生进行了一项在线调查,其中47人已经拥有葡萄牙国籍。他们被问及原籍国、国籍、毕业、教育领域、以前的工作、失业情况以及面对失业的选择。调查结果表明,考虑的主要选择是延长学习时间,继续寻找技术工作或第二次移民。返回本国的愿望因性别而异,有时因原籍国而异。原创性/价值目前还没有关于外国研究生在进入劳动力市场或继续深造之间选择的可能性的研究。
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引用次数: 0
New Public Governance as a new wave of the public policy: theoretical approach and conceptualization of the trend 新公共治理作为公共政策的新浪潮:趋势的理论路径与概念化
IF 1.9 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.1108/jepp-09-2023-0089
Piotr Popęda, Bartłomiej Hadasik

Purpose

The paper's primary purpose is to define and characterize the innovative concept in public management theory, New Public Governance (NPG), from its theoretical framework and the view of public management institutions. The second objective is to create a logical framework to explain this notion. The broader role of this paper is to expand the understanding of this contemporary public management trend.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodological approach of the authors' research is based on a deep understanding of theoretical sources, particularly the scientific precursors in the literature surrounding the NPG theory. The authors used the following methods to achieve the paper's goals: critical thematic literature review and synthetic comparative analysis.

Findings

In regards to scientific analysis, the goals of NPG were achieved, considering that its concept and main characteristics were displayed in definitional terms as a trend in public management, emphasizing institutional cooperation and co-production, having strengths in social inclusion and weaknesses in the lack of participatory experience of the actors. Additionally, the authors created the original 6-CO coherent conceptual framework describing the flows in the NPG operation based on theoretical foundations. The analysis of theoretical sources not only allowed the collection of common and disconnected features of the reasoning behind the definition and depth of the NPG but also insufficient development of the theory in existing sources.

Originality/value

The paper demonstrates critical new scholarship surrounding the NPG theory because it (1) applies one of the latest trends in public management, (2) juxtaposes various academics' understanding of the concept and, most importantly, (3) advances the theory of NPG with the original 6-CO coherent conceptual framework as a practical implication of the theory originator.

本文的主要目的是从公共管理理论的理论框架和公共管理机构的角度来定义和描述公共管理理论中的创新概念——新公共治理(NPG)。第二个目标是创建一个逻辑框架来解释这个概念。本文更广泛的作用是扩大对这一当代公共管理趋势的理解。设计/方法论/方法作者研究的方法论方法是基于对理论来源的深刻理解,特别是对围绕NPG理论的文献中的科学先驱的深刻理解。作者采用了以下方法来实现本文的目标:批判性专题文献综述和综合比较分析。在科学分析方面,NPG的目标已经实现,因为它的概念和主要特征在定义上显示为公共管理的一种趋势,强调机构合作和共同生产,在社会包容方面具有优势,而在行动者缺乏参与经验方面存在弱点。此外,作者在理论基础上创建了描述NPG运行流程的原始6-CO连贯概念框架。对理论来源的分析不仅收集了NPG定义和深度背后的推理的共同和不连贯的特征,而且在现有来源中理论的发展不足。本文展示了围绕NPG理论的重要新学术研究,因为它(1)应用了公共管理的最新趋势之一,(2)并列了各种学者对该概念的理解,最重要的是,(3)将NPG理论与原始的6-CO连贯概念框架结合起来,作为理论创始人的实践含义。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of entrepreneurs' perceptions and social media usage on their intention to formalise their MSMEs in Egypt 企业家的观念和社交媒体的使用对他们在埃及的中小微企业正规化意图的影响
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1108/jepp-04-2023-0037
Rania Miniesy, Hadia Fakhreldin
Purpose The formalisation – switch from the informal to the formal sector – of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) has serious ramifications on the Egyptian economy. This study investigates the effect of the factors perceived by Egyptian informal entrepreneurs to encourage/deter formalisation on those entrepreneurs' intentions of formalising their MSMEs. Social media (SM) usage is a novel factor whose impact on the intention of formalisation is also examined. Design/methodology/approach The conceptual framework of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) is used, and a logistic regression model is utilised. Relevant data were collected from self-assessment questionnaires of a sample of Egyptian informal female and young male entrepreneurs, who constitute the majority of informal entrepreneurs in Egypt. Findings Results reveal that for female entrepreneurs, only the support of the government and other institutions positively affects their intention of formalisation, whilst direct costs and lack of family support affect their intention negatively. For young male entrepreneurs, the number of employees and prospects of contract enforcement positively affect their intention of formalisation, whilst being involved in a trading activity affects it negatively. For both groups, higher levels of education and SM usage adversely affect their intention of formalisation. These varying results have a crucial policy implication: the one-size-fits-all public policies intended to stimulate formalisation might not work, and thus, more tailored policies are required. Originality/value Worldwide, research on the impact of SM on the formalisation of MSMEs is scant, if existent. In Egypt, research on MSMEs is limited, those focusing on the impact of SM on Egyptian MSMEs are even scarcer and those targeting SM's effect on their formalisation are absent.
微型、小型和中型企业(MSMEs)的正规化——从非正规部门转向正规部门——对埃及经济产生了严重的影响。本研究调查了埃及非正式企业家认为鼓励/阻止正规化的因素对这些企业家将其中小微企业正规化意图的影响。社交媒体(SM)的使用是一个新的因素,其影响的意向正规化也进行了研究。设计/方法/方法使用计划行为理论(TPB)的概念框架,并使用逻辑回归模型。相关数据收集自埃及非正式女性和青年男性企业家样本的自我评估问卷,他们构成了埃及非正式企业家的大多数。研究结果显示,对于女性企业家而言,只有政府和其他机构的支持才会对其正规化意愿产生积极影响,而直接成本和缺乏家庭支持则会对其正规化意愿产生消极影响。对于年轻的男性企业家来说,雇员的数量和合同执行的前景对他们的正规化意图有积极的影响,而参与交易活动则会对其产生消极的影响。对于这两个群体来说,较高的教育水平和SM的使用对他们的正规化意图产生了不利影响。这些不同的结果有一个至关重要的政策含义:旨在刺激正规化的一刀切的公共政策可能不起作用,因此需要更有针对性的政策。在世界范围内,关于SM对中小微企业正规化影响的研究很少,如果有的话。在埃及,对中小微企业的研究有限,关注SM对埃及中小微企业影响的研究更少,而针对SM对其正规化影响的研究则缺失。
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Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy
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