Pub Date : 2022-07-19DOI: 10.1108/jepp-03-2022-0046
D. Thomas
PurposeThis paper assesses the short-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the market for childcare and speculates about potential long-term consequences of pandemic-related policy intervention.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses basic statistics and data to describe changes in the market for childcare.FindingsPolicy responses to the pandemic likely aggravated pre-existing trends in the market for childcare, drove up the cost of production at a time when demand was collapsed because of the pandemic, and ultimately resulted in systematic closures of childcare centers. These closures will be difficult to reverse due to the high cost of entry into the industry and overall low profitability.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is just a preliminary investigation in its current form that points to future areas of research.Originality/valueThis paper summarizes the results of existing studies and draws some basic conclusions about the effects of policy intervention.
{"title":"The impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the market for childcare","authors":"D. Thomas","doi":"10.1108/jepp-03-2022-0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jepp-03-2022-0046","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis paper assesses the short-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the market for childcare and speculates about potential long-term consequences of pandemic-related policy intervention.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses basic statistics and data to describe changes in the market for childcare.FindingsPolicy responses to the pandemic likely aggravated pre-existing trends in the market for childcare, drove up the cost of production at a time when demand was collapsed because of the pandemic, and ultimately resulted in systematic closures of childcare centers. These closures will be difficult to reverse due to the high cost of entry into the industry and overall low profitability.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is just a preliminary investigation in its current form that points to future areas of research.Originality/valueThis paper summarizes the results of existing studies and draws some basic conclusions about the effects of policy intervention.","PeriodicalId":44503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43748068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-14DOI: 10.1108/jepp-04-2022-0054
Julia R. Norgaard, A. C. Cartwright
PurposeThese zones offer participants a wide variety of incentives and can be found in sizes ranging from a few square acres to entire large cities. The diversity among SEZs presents an opportunity for new research.Design/methodology/approachSpecial economic zones (SEZs) have grown exponentially in popularity during the past few decades, in size and scope. They are often lauded as instruments central to enhancing economic growth in developing countries. However, the empirical evidence on the relationship between SEZs and growth is inconclusive.FindingsThe analysis concludes that corruption leads to the creation of smaller zones that are likely the products of rent-seeking.Originality/valueThe authors argue that SEZs can be effective vehicles for rent-seeking, especially geographically small zones and develop an empirical model to explore the relationship between zone size and the impetus for the zone creation, namely corruption. Specifically, the authors analyze whether these small zones are vehicles of economic growth or manifestations of country wide corruption.
{"title":"Are special economic zones products of corruption?","authors":"Julia R. Norgaard, A. C. Cartwright","doi":"10.1108/jepp-04-2022-0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jepp-04-2022-0054","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThese zones offer participants a wide variety of incentives and can be found in sizes ranging from a few square acres to entire large cities. The diversity among SEZs presents an opportunity for new research.Design/methodology/approachSpecial economic zones (SEZs) have grown exponentially in popularity during the past few decades, in size and scope. They are often lauded as instruments central to enhancing economic growth in developing countries. However, the empirical evidence on the relationship between SEZs and growth is inconclusive.FindingsThe analysis concludes that corruption leads to the creation of smaller zones that are likely the products of rent-seeking.Originality/valueThe authors argue that SEZs can be effective vehicles for rent-seeking, especially geographically small zones and develop an empirical model to explore the relationship between zone size and the impetus for the zone creation, namely corruption. Specifically, the authors analyze whether these small zones are vehicles of economic growth or manifestations of country wide corruption.","PeriodicalId":44503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46765065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.1108/jepp-02-2022-0037
Ammar Kassab, R. Omar, H. Ghura
PurposeGovernments can influence entrepreneurial growth through public policy. This paper aims to present critical aspects of entrepreneurship policy design for Syrian refugees in Turkey and evaluate if current policies are effective for Syrian refugees in Istanbul.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts an explorative phenomenological approach, contextualized within the entrepreneurial behavior literature. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews with fifteen Syrian entrepreneurs residing in Istanbul.FindingsThe results show that Syrian refugees were “pushed” to start new companies. Moreover, the findings suggest that Syrian entrepreneurs could exploit better business opportunities such as targeting international markets or finding competent partners.Research limitations/implicationsThe article offers several practical and social contributions by highlighting how the entrepreneurial behavior of Syrian refugees is driven by their migration or business experiences.Practical implicationsPolicymakers in Turkey need to acknowledge how their entrepreneurial policies regarding innovation and internationalization affect the business success rate among Syrian refugees. In this regard, the Turkish government should adopt new measures that provide Syrian refugees more business flexibility. These policies may include easy access to the Turkish financial system or fewer regulations to obtain work permits. This will encourage refugees to join the formal economy and contribute to the Turkish labor market.Originality/valueThis article adds to the expanding body of knowledge on refugee entrepreneurship by emphasizing the link between refugees' personal experiences and starting new ventures. It also highlights how government policy can be strategically utilized to increase entrepreneurship among Syrian refugees in Turkey.
{"title":"Critical aspects of entrepreneurship policy design for Syrian refugees in Turkey","authors":"Ammar Kassab, R. Omar, H. Ghura","doi":"10.1108/jepp-02-2022-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jepp-02-2022-0037","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeGovernments can influence entrepreneurial growth through public policy. This paper aims to present critical aspects of entrepreneurship policy design for Syrian refugees in Turkey and evaluate if current policies are effective for Syrian refugees in Istanbul.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts an explorative phenomenological approach, contextualized within the entrepreneurial behavior literature. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews with fifteen Syrian entrepreneurs residing in Istanbul.FindingsThe results show that Syrian refugees were “pushed” to start new companies. Moreover, the findings suggest that Syrian entrepreneurs could exploit better business opportunities such as targeting international markets or finding competent partners.Research limitations/implicationsThe article offers several practical and social contributions by highlighting how the entrepreneurial behavior of Syrian refugees is driven by their migration or business experiences.Practical implicationsPolicymakers in Turkey need to acknowledge how their entrepreneurial policies regarding innovation and internationalization affect the business success rate among Syrian refugees. In this regard, the Turkish government should adopt new measures that provide Syrian refugees more business flexibility. These policies may include easy access to the Turkish financial system or fewer regulations to obtain work permits. This will encourage refugees to join the formal economy and contribute to the Turkish labor market.Originality/valueThis article adds to the expanding body of knowledge on refugee entrepreneurship by emphasizing the link between refugees' personal experiences and starting new ventures. It also highlights how government policy can be strategically utilized to increase entrepreneurship among Syrian refugees in Turkey.","PeriodicalId":44503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47043700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-04DOI: 10.1108/jepp-02-2022-0034
Megan V. Teague
PurposeThis study acts as a proof of concept to address how general, broadly applicable barriers to starting a business impact entry across various firm sizes.Design/methodology/approachThe following investigation uses barriers to entry data in Teague (2016) to explore the costs of government intervention within the United States for 2011.FindingsResults from cross sectional regression analysis of business entry rates across nine different business size classifications on a composite barrier to entry variable yield two main findings: (1) increase in barriers to entry decrease business growth for most establishment sizes and (2) increase in barriers to entry for larger firms result in positive entry rates.Originality/valueThis study is the first exploration of general, broadly applicable barriers to entry measures and entry rates. Its preliminary findings suggest that barriers to entry encourage development of larger business sizes at the possible expense of smaller businesses. This result encourages further work into the interconnectedness of government and business.
{"title":"Barriers to entry: an empirical account of business creation difficulties in the United States 2011","authors":"Megan V. Teague","doi":"10.1108/jepp-02-2022-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jepp-02-2022-0034","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis study acts as a proof of concept to address how general, broadly applicable barriers to starting a business impact entry across various firm sizes.Design/methodology/approachThe following investigation uses barriers to entry data in Teague (2016) to explore the costs of government intervention within the United States for 2011.FindingsResults from cross sectional regression analysis of business entry rates across nine different business size classifications on a composite barrier to entry variable yield two main findings: (1) increase in barriers to entry decrease business growth for most establishment sizes and (2) increase in barriers to entry for larger firms result in positive entry rates.Originality/valueThis study is the first exploration of general, broadly applicable barriers to entry measures and entry rates. Its preliminary findings suggest that barriers to entry encourage development of larger business sizes at the possible expense of smaller businesses. This result encourages further work into the interconnectedness of government and business.","PeriodicalId":44503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47403221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-22DOI: 10.1108/jepp-02-2022-0038
Hugo D. Asencio, Fynnwin Prager, Jose N. Martinez, John Tamura
PurposeThis paper examines the relationship between government economic development programming and entrepreneurial activity, by examining evidence in Southern California cities. While numerous studies explore this relationship between government institutions and entrepreneurship at the level of countries and states, significant questions remain at the level of city government, and the influence of local government economic development programs on city-level entrepreneurial activity.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses regression analysis of data from all 215 Southern California cities to decompose the complex relationships between economic development programming and different types of entrepreneurial activity.FindingsResults suggest startups are attracted to cities with higher crime rates, more diversity, and older populations, yet not those with higher levels of economic development programming. There is evidence that some types of economic development programming may influence entrepreneurship, especially for the level of minority-owned businesses.Originality/valueThe paper makes three important contributions to the literature. First, it is among the first to use local (city-level) entrepreneurship as an outcome variable to measure the effect of government economic development programming. Many scholars have instead chosen to look at outcomes relating to general economic growth (e.g. new jobs) rather than outcomes specific to local entrepreneurship. Second, it explores city-wide entrepreneurial activity with respect to numerous measures, such as start-ups, minority and female ownership, and self-employment. Third, it examines the potential influence of economic development programming, both on aggregate and decomposed into economic development program clusters.
{"title":"The impact of local government economic development programs on city-level entrepreneurial activity: evidence from Southern California","authors":"Hugo D. Asencio, Fynnwin Prager, Jose N. Martinez, John Tamura","doi":"10.1108/jepp-02-2022-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jepp-02-2022-0038","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis paper examines the relationship between government economic development programming and entrepreneurial activity, by examining evidence in Southern California cities. While numerous studies explore this relationship between government institutions and entrepreneurship at the level of countries and states, significant questions remain at the level of city government, and the influence of local government economic development programs on city-level entrepreneurial activity.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses regression analysis of data from all 215 Southern California cities to decompose the complex relationships between economic development programming and different types of entrepreneurial activity.FindingsResults suggest startups are attracted to cities with higher crime rates, more diversity, and older populations, yet not those with higher levels of economic development programming. There is evidence that some types of economic development programming may influence entrepreneurship, especially for the level of minority-owned businesses.Originality/valueThe paper makes three important contributions to the literature. First, it is among the first to use local (city-level) entrepreneurship as an outcome variable to measure the effect of government economic development programming. Many scholars have instead chosen to look at outcomes relating to general economic growth (e.g. new jobs) rather than outcomes specific to local entrepreneurship. Second, it explores city-wide entrepreneurial activity with respect to numerous measures, such as start-ups, minority and female ownership, and self-employment. Third, it examines the potential influence of economic development programming, both on aggregate and decomposed into economic development program clusters.","PeriodicalId":44503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49048270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-21DOI: 10.1108/jepp-05-2022-0058
R. Wright
PurposeThis paper, which is both case study and conceptual in nature, presents a relative cost-benefit model to explain why people engage in criminal activity. It then uses the model to motivate a discussion of the major policy approaches to recidivism reduction and desistance, or decreasing the frequency and severity of criminal activity, a more nuanced measure of harm reduction than the binary concept of recidivism typically used to evaluate program success. Several private programs have successfully reduced recidivism and improved measures of desistance but remain applicable only to those who self-select into them. Changed policies and incentives, however, could stimulate social entrepreneurs to search for programs applicable to additional segments of the prison population.Design/methodology/approachThis paper describes case studies informed by economic theories of crime and incentive alignment. Most approaches to recidivism reduction/desistance have failed, but several programs, including the DOE Fund and PEP, have proven extremely effective: the first by employing former convicts in starter jobs and the latter by teaching inmates about entrepreneurship and general business skills and mentoring them after release.FindingsSuccessful cases cannot simply be scaled up because inmates self-select into the programs. Instead, policymakers should encourage further competition and innovation in the field by paying NGOs each week they manage to keep the formerly imprisoned persons in their charge alive and out of the criminal justice system.Research limitations/implicationsCase study and theoretical. Not yet tried in the real world.Practical implicationsLower recidivism, more desistance for the same budget.Social implicationsHumans will be better treated than currently.Originality/valueInstead of offering a specific recidivism reduction panacea, this paper suggests that incentive alignment and competition for funding will encourage nonprofit NGOs to discover which programs work best for different types of inmates.
{"title":"Reducing recidivism and encouraging desistance: a social entrepreneurial approach","authors":"R. Wright","doi":"10.1108/jepp-05-2022-0058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jepp-05-2022-0058","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis paper, which is both case study and conceptual in nature, presents a relative cost-benefit model to explain why people engage in criminal activity. It then uses the model to motivate a discussion of the major policy approaches to recidivism reduction and desistance, or decreasing the frequency and severity of criminal activity, a more nuanced measure of harm reduction than the binary concept of recidivism typically used to evaluate program success. Several private programs have successfully reduced recidivism and improved measures of desistance but remain applicable only to those who self-select into them. Changed policies and incentives, however, could stimulate social entrepreneurs to search for programs applicable to additional segments of the prison population.Design/methodology/approachThis paper describes case studies informed by economic theories of crime and incentive alignment. Most approaches to recidivism reduction/desistance have failed, but several programs, including the DOE Fund and PEP, have proven extremely effective: the first by employing former convicts in starter jobs and the latter by teaching inmates about entrepreneurship and general business skills and mentoring them after release.FindingsSuccessful cases cannot simply be scaled up because inmates self-select into the programs. Instead, policymakers should encourage further competition and innovation in the field by paying NGOs each week they manage to keep the formerly imprisoned persons in their charge alive and out of the criminal justice system.Research limitations/implicationsCase study and theoretical. Not yet tried in the real world.Practical implicationsLower recidivism, more desistance for the same budget.Social implicationsHumans will be better treated than currently.Originality/valueInstead of offering a specific recidivism reduction panacea, this paper suggests that incentive alignment and competition for funding will encourage nonprofit NGOs to discover which programs work best for different types of inmates.","PeriodicalId":44503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42367012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.1108/jepp-01-2022-0013
Bryan B. Darden
PurposeThe purpose of this study was twofold. First, the author sought to more fully understand the role of socio-political activity on opportunity recognition among experienced entrepreneurs. Second, the author sought to better understand how socio-political activism, experience, entrepreneurial passion and social entrepreneurial intention are antecedents. Given the importance of entrepreneurship in the developing nations, there must be an understanding of how entrepreneurs recognize opportunities.Design/methodology/approachThis study analyzes how socio-political activism acts as a foundation on which entrepreneurs can recognize opportunity through entrepreneurial passion, experience and intention. The author utilized a survey constructed of a unique combination of existing and well-researched instruments. Entrepreneurs living in Latin America were surveyed through the web-based survey company Prolific(R). Based on an a priori power calculation, the survey was fielded to 305 respondents with a 100% response rate.FindingsThe model suggests that socio-political activism increases experience, entrepreneurial passion and social entrepreneurial intention among entrepreneurs in Latin America. Further, the model indicates that entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial experience have partial mediation effects on social entrepreneurial opportunity recognition, while social entrepreneurial intention has full mediation effects on social entrepreneurial opportunity recognition.Practical implicationsThe findings of this model suggest that socio-political activism in the developing context provides a model that shows how political activism plays a crucial role in numerous entrepreneurial aspects. Being active politically, gives entrepreneurs greater passion, experience and intention which in turn leads to greater opportunity recognition and mediates the relationship between socio-political activism and opportunity recognition.Originality/valueThe model presented in this research is original and helps shape the paradigm within social entrepreneurship in the developing context. The model also provides additional antecedents of opportunity recognition which may assist with shaping future research in the developing context and how the role of political activism assists the field's understanding of how entrepreneurs recognize opportunities.
{"title":"Political roots leading to opportunity recognition among Latin American social entrepreneurs","authors":"Bryan B. Darden","doi":"10.1108/jepp-01-2022-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jepp-01-2022-0013","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThe purpose of this study was twofold. First, the author sought to more fully understand the role of socio-political activity on opportunity recognition among experienced entrepreneurs. Second, the author sought to better understand how socio-political activism, experience, entrepreneurial passion and social entrepreneurial intention are antecedents. Given the importance of entrepreneurship in the developing nations, there must be an understanding of how entrepreneurs recognize opportunities.Design/methodology/approachThis study analyzes how socio-political activism acts as a foundation on which entrepreneurs can recognize opportunity through entrepreneurial passion, experience and intention. The author utilized a survey constructed of a unique combination of existing and well-researched instruments. Entrepreneurs living in Latin America were surveyed through the web-based survey company Prolific(R). Based on an a priori power calculation, the survey was fielded to 305 respondents with a 100% response rate.FindingsThe model suggests that socio-political activism increases experience, entrepreneurial passion and social entrepreneurial intention among entrepreneurs in Latin America. Further, the model indicates that entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial experience have partial mediation effects on social entrepreneurial opportunity recognition, while social entrepreneurial intention has full mediation effects on social entrepreneurial opportunity recognition.Practical implicationsThe findings of this model suggest that socio-political activism in the developing context provides a model that shows how political activism plays a crucial role in numerous entrepreneurial aspects. Being active politically, gives entrepreneurs greater passion, experience and intention which in turn leads to greater opportunity recognition and mediates the relationship between socio-political activism and opportunity recognition.Originality/valueThe model presented in this research is original and helps shape the paradigm within social entrepreneurship in the developing context. The model also provides additional antecedents of opportunity recognition which may assist with shaping future research in the developing context and how the role of political activism assists the field's understanding of how entrepreneurs recognize opportunities.","PeriodicalId":44503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46079122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-08DOI: 10.1108/jepp-02-2022-0028
Victor V. Claar
PurposeRecent analysis suggests entrepreneurship is in decline. If so, some argue that the appropriate policy response is to devote even further government intervention to nurture both fledgling ventures as well as entirely new undertakings, lamenting the fact that much current economic policy caters to already-successful firms – thereby creating a decision-making environment that stacks the deck against would-be entrepreneurs. While it is indeed true that entrepreneurial ventures lead to value creation over time, this paper argues that the answer to any slowdown in entrepreneurship is not to add even more policy Band-Aids to an already broken system of carve-outs, exemptions, subsidies and tax breaks. Instead the solution to bad policy is to unwind bad policy that favors Goliaths over Davids, thereby creating a level playing field for all. Any attempt to use government initiatives to spur entrepreneurship will, over the longer term, only serve to distort the economic outcomes society would have observed as the product of a system of rule-of-law, clearly defined and enforced property rights and freely functioning markets that permit entrepreneurs, investors, consumers and savers to make the most sensible choices available to them.Design/methodology/approachThis essay cites fundamental pieces of existing entrepreneurial research to make its argument.FindingsRather than adding even more policy initiatives to address any slowdown in entrepreneurship, policymakers should aspire to create the most fertile environment possible to foster entrepreneurial activity. Adding more policies on top of existing ones presumes to know which policies are better than others. Even when perceived as neutral, policy incentives cannot improve upon the outcomes of the unseen price system.Originality/valueThis paper reminds readers that entrepreneurship is vital to economic flourishing, while reminding readers that even policy actions presumed to be beneficial likely bear unintended consequences because they bring their own disruptions to the decision-making environment.
{"title":"In search of a fertile entrepreneurial landscape: how to keep it on the level","authors":"Victor V. Claar","doi":"10.1108/jepp-02-2022-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jepp-02-2022-0028","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeRecent analysis suggests entrepreneurship is in decline. If so, some argue that the appropriate policy response is to devote even further government intervention to nurture both fledgling ventures as well as entirely new undertakings, lamenting the fact that much current economic policy caters to already-successful firms – thereby creating a decision-making environment that stacks the deck against would-be entrepreneurs. While it is indeed true that entrepreneurial ventures lead to value creation over time, this paper argues that the answer to any slowdown in entrepreneurship is not to add even more policy Band-Aids to an already broken system of carve-outs, exemptions, subsidies and tax breaks. Instead the solution to bad policy is to unwind bad policy that favors Goliaths over Davids, thereby creating a level playing field for all. Any attempt to use government initiatives to spur entrepreneurship will, over the longer term, only serve to distort the economic outcomes society would have observed as the product of a system of rule-of-law, clearly defined and enforced property rights and freely functioning markets that permit entrepreneurs, investors, consumers and savers to make the most sensible choices available to them.Design/methodology/approachThis essay cites fundamental pieces of existing entrepreneurial research to make its argument.FindingsRather than adding even more policy initiatives to address any slowdown in entrepreneurship, policymakers should aspire to create the most fertile environment possible to foster entrepreneurial activity. Adding more policies on top of existing ones presumes to know which policies are better than others. Even when perceived as neutral, policy incentives cannot improve upon the outcomes of the unseen price system.Originality/valueThis paper reminds readers that entrepreneurship is vital to economic flourishing, while reminding readers that even policy actions presumed to be beneficial likely bear unintended consequences because they bring their own disruptions to the decision-making environment.","PeriodicalId":44503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42822597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-18DOI: 10.1108/jepp-08-2019-0067
Robert Singh
PurposeThe purpose of this viewpoint paper is to bring attention to the declining rate of entrepreneurship, its effect on the broader economy, the need for public policy solutions and to offer several such solutions. Government intervention is needed to address the stagnation trends discussed throughout the paper. It is up to academic scholars, researchers and think tanks to make government leaders aware of the trends and possible solutions.Design/methodology/approachA literature review was performed and the need to increase entrepreneurship through public policies was discussed.FindingsThe current ten-year economic expansion is suffering from secular stagnation as a result of diminishing new venture creation and slower adoption of technological innovations. Economic policies are heavily tilted toward large, established firms even as new entrepreneurial ventures have greater impact on job creation. The importance of using public policies to spur economic growth through greater opportunity-based entrepreneurship is discussed. Unique tax policy changes are suggested as well as a proposed national business plan competition.Originality/valueThis paper makes a contribution to the entrepreneurship and public policy literature by discussing how the declining rate of entrepreneurship and slower adoption of new technology are related to the relatively tepid pace of economic expansion seen over the last decade in the US. The proposed policies focus on increasing new ventures based on opportunity-based entrepreneurship, and it is hoped that this will help in the development of other policies and spur new lines of research and knowledge that lead to increased economic growth.
{"title":"The need for new public policies to increase entrepreneurship and spur economic growth","authors":"Robert Singh","doi":"10.1108/jepp-08-2019-0067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jepp-08-2019-0067","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThe purpose of this viewpoint paper is to bring attention to the declining rate of entrepreneurship, its effect on the broader economy, the need for public policy solutions and to offer several such solutions. Government intervention is needed to address the stagnation trends discussed throughout the paper. It is up to academic scholars, researchers and think tanks to make government leaders aware of the trends and possible solutions.Design/methodology/approachA literature review was performed and the need to increase entrepreneurship through public policies was discussed.FindingsThe current ten-year economic expansion is suffering from secular stagnation as a result of diminishing new venture creation and slower adoption of technological innovations. Economic policies are heavily tilted toward large, established firms even as new entrepreneurial ventures have greater impact on job creation. The importance of using public policies to spur economic growth through greater opportunity-based entrepreneurship is discussed. Unique tax policy changes are suggested as well as a proposed national business plan competition.Originality/valueThis paper makes a contribution to the entrepreneurship and public policy literature by discussing how the declining rate of entrepreneurship and slower adoption of new technology are related to the relatively tepid pace of economic expansion seen over the last decade in the US. The proposed policies focus on increasing new ventures based on opportunity-based entrepreneurship, and it is hoped that this will help in the development of other policies and spur new lines of research and knowledge that lead to increased economic growth.","PeriodicalId":44503,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41920648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-17DOI: 10.1108/jepp-03-2021-0029
N. Apostolopoulos, P. Liargovas, Pantelis Sklias, I. Makris, Sotiris Apostolopoulos
PurposeThis paper aims to examine whether private healthcare entrepreneurship can flourish and overcome obstacles in cases of a free-access public health system and periods of strict public policies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the paper aims to illuminate the wider social role of private healthcare entrepreneurship during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopts a qualitative methodological strategy through 12 in-depth semi-structured interviews with the owners of diagnostic centres located in small Greek towns.FindingsPrivate healthcare entrepreneurship flourished and played a significantly positive social role in the context of a degraded public health sector, which lacked investments for more than ten years and was further depleted by its recent focus on COVID-19 incidents. This paper reveals that although public policies that aimed to deal with COVID-19 produced serious consequences, business activity adapted to the new circumstances.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research can combine the findings of this paper with the views of stakeholders, policymakers and social actors.Originality/valueThis paper's value lies in its efforts to expand our current knowledge regarding the impact of COVID-19 public policies on entrepreneurship.
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