{"title":"Towns and Commerce in Viking-Age Scandinavia. By Sven Kalmring. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2024. xviii + 277 pp. £22.99. ISBN 9781009298094.","authors":"Sarah Croix","doi":"10.1111/emed.12774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12774","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"33 3","pages":"458-460"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Belisarius & Antonina: Love and War in the Age of Justinian. By David Alan Parnell. New York: Oxford University Press. 2023. 260 pp. £19.99. ISBN 9780197574706.","authors":"David M. Kennedy","doi":"10.1111/emed.12773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12773","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"33 3","pages":"455-457"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Civilian Legacy of the Roman Army: Military Models in the Post-Roman World. Edited by Luca Loschiavo. History of Warfare 144. Leiden: Brill. 2024, pp. XI +520.","authors":"David S. Bachrach","doi":"10.1111/emed.12772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12772","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"33 3","pages":"452-454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Languages and Communities in the Late-Roman and Post-Imperial Western Provinces. Edited by Alex Mullen and George Woudhuysen. Oxford Studies in Ancient Documents. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2023. xii + 350 pp. + illustrations, maps. $155 (hardback); open access. ISBN 9780198888956.","authors":"Yuliya Minets","doi":"10.1111/emed.12770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12770","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"33 3","pages":"446-448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Crowd in the Early Middle Ages. By Shane Bobrycki. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. 2024. xxi + 313 pp. £35/$39.95. ISBN 9780691189697.","authors":"Rory Naismith","doi":"10.1111/emed.12771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12771","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"33 3","pages":"449-451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The terms Saraceni, Ismaelitae and Agareni were used over a wide period of time by Latin sources to describe first the Arabs, and then all Muslim groups. Early Carolingian Frankish texts followed this tradition when writing about al-Andalus, denoting all Islamic forces through these generic terms, without any overt reference to the Berber population, who had played an important role in the Muslim conquest. However, this changed over time, as North African contingents began to find specific mention, and as Carolingian sources started to provide more information about the Mauri. This study examines these sources through a terminological analysis, suggesting that changes in terminology reflected Carolingian authors' increasing knowledge of the Muslims of al-Andalus.
{"title":"Mauri et Saraceni: the ethnonyms used for the Muslims of al-Andalus by Carolingian authors","authors":"Erdinç Ofli","doi":"10.1111/emed.12768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12768","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The terms <i>Saraceni</i>, <i>Ismaelitae</i> and <i>Agareni</i> were used over a wide period of time by Latin sources to describe first the Arabs, and then all Muslim groups. Early Carolingian Frankish texts followed this tradition when writing about al-Andalus, denoting all Islamic forces through these generic terms, without any overt reference to the Berber population, who had played an important role in the Muslim conquest. However, this changed over time, as North African contingents began to find specific mention, and as Carolingian sources started to provide more information about the <i>Mauri</i>. This study examines these sources through a terminological analysis, suggesting that changes in terminology reflected Carolingian authors' increasing knowledge of the Muslims of al-Andalus.</p>","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"33 3","pages":"341-366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Versammlungen im Frühmittelalter. Edited by Philippe Depreux and Steffen Patzold. Ergänzungsbände zum Reallexikon der Germanichen Altertumskunde 141. De Gruyter: Berlin. 2023. vi + 298 pp. £108. ISBN 9783111040226.","authors":"Levi Roach","doi":"10.1111/emed.12769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12769","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"33 3","pages":"443-445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Age of Alfred: Rethinking English Literary Culture c. 850–950. Edited by Amy Faulkner and Francis Leneghan. Studies in Old English Literature 3. Turnhout: Brepols. 2024. 598 pp. + 17 b/w and 3 colour figures + 5 b/w tables. €140. ISBN 978 2 503 60665 1.","authors":"Song Tan","doi":"10.1111/emed.12767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12767","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"33 3","pages":"439-442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suppressing robbery, latrocinium, was a priority for Charlemagne, Louis the Pious, Charles the Bald, and Louis II at key political moments. Latrones were conceptualized as ordinary thieves, as highway robbers, and as threats to peace and security. In capitularies, latrocinium was implicitly and explicitly associated with infidelity. As war exacerbated the problem of latrocinium in the middle of the ninth century, Carolingian rulers endeavoured to create a legitimizing political consensus around stopping it while simultaneously characterizing potential challengers to their authority as criminal elements. Their actions against latrones show their interest in internal peacemaking.
{"title":"Between theft and treason: latrocinium in Carolingian capitularies","authors":"James R. Burns","doi":"10.1111/emed.12766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12766","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Suppressing robbery, <i>latrocinium</i>, was a priority for Charlemagne, Louis the Pious, Charles the Bald, and Louis II at key political moments. <i>Latrones</i> were conceptualized as ordinary thieves, as highway robbers, and as threats to peace and security. In capitularies, <i>latrocinium</i> was implicitly and explicitly associated with infidelity. As war exacerbated the problem of <i>latrocinium</i> in the middle of the ninth century, Carolingian rulers endeavoured to create a legitimizing political consensus around stopping it while simultaneously characterizing potential challengers to their authority as criminal elements. Their actions against <i>latrones</i> show their interest in internal peacemaking.</p>","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"33 3","pages":"367-390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emed.12766","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines a previously neglected fragment of an early medieval commentary on Matthew’s Gospel, the bifolium Hereford Cathedral Library, P. II. 10. I argue on palaeographical grounds that this fragment was produced in Bede’s monastery of Wearmouth-Jarrow in the first decades of the eighth century, at roughly the same time as the production of the Codex Amiatinus. This leads into a study of the text itself, which is in fact a compilation of two quite different texts. Its second part is mostly based on a known early medieval commentary, one of the supposedly ‘Hiberno-Latin’ texts identified by Bernard Bischoff in the 1950s. Its first part, however, is unique to this fragment, has few clear analogues, and has never previously been studied. I consider the implications of this fragment – both as a codicological artefact and as a piece of biblical exegesis – for our understanding of Bede’s monastery at a crucial early point in its history. The article’s appendix includes an edited text and translation of the fragment.
{"title":"Biblical exegesis at Wearmouth-Jarrow before Bede? The Hereford commentary on Matthew","authors":"Samuel Cardwell","doi":"10.1111/emed.12762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12762","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines a previously neglected fragment of an early medieval commentary on Matthew’s Gospel, the bifolium Hereford Cathedral Library, P. II. 10. I argue on palaeographical grounds that this fragment was produced in Bede’s monastery of Wearmouth-Jarrow in the first decades of the eighth century, at roughly the same time as the production of the Codex Amiatinus. This leads into a study of the text itself, which is in fact a compilation of two quite different texts. Its second part is mostly based on a known early medieval commentary, one of the supposedly ‘Hiberno-Latin’ texts identified by Bernard Bischoff in the 1950s. Its first part, however, is unique to this fragment, has few clear analogues, and has never previously been studied. I consider the implications of this fragment – both as a codicological artefact and as a piece of biblical exegesis – for our understanding of Bede’s monastery at a crucial early point in its history. The article’s appendix includes an edited text and translation of the fragment.</p>","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"33 2","pages":"183-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emed.12762","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}