This article builds upon recent scholarship emphasizing the importance of Gregory the Great's Register as a key text of the Carolingian and post-Carolingian library, exploring by contrast its peculiarly limited reception in England. It first surveys what little evidence we have for its citation by English ecclesiastics (post-c.1000, mostly via Wulfstan); it then examines the single text in a pre-Conquest manuscript usually catalogued as a letter from the Register, showing that this has been reworked as an anonymous admonitio to judges (probably bishops). It concludes by reflecting on the implications of this limited reception for our understanding of the later Anglo-Saxon church – a community otherwise well-invested in Gregory's memory.
{"title":"The consul vanishes? On using and not using Gregory the Great's Register in early medieval England","authors":"Benjamin Savill","doi":"10.1111/emed.12684","DOIUrl":"10.1111/emed.12684","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article builds upon recent scholarship emphasizing the importance of Gregory the Great's Register as a key text of the Carolingian and post-Carolingian library, exploring by contrast its peculiarly limited reception in England. It first surveys what little evidence we have for its citation by English ecclesiastics (post-c.1000, mostly via Wulfstan); it then examines the single text in a pre-Conquest manuscript usually catalogued as a letter from the Register, showing that this has been reworked as an anonymous admonitio to judges (probably bishops). It concludes by reflecting on the implications of this limited reception for our understanding of the later Anglo-Saxon church – a community otherwise well-invested in Gregory's memory.</p>","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"32 1","pages":"106-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emed.12684","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135425385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Archbishop Wulfstan of York’s interpolation in the DE version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle entry for the year 959 is out of character for both the churchman himself and for the pre-Conquest period as a whole, as it is the only text from early England critical of King Edgar. This article shows that Wulfstan’s complaints about Edgar, which focus on the king’s policies related to Scandinavians in England, are rooted in the monarch’s probable official employment of Scandinavians and in the law code IV Edgar. Ultimately, this article argues that Wulfstan’s criticisms of Edgar are best understood in relation to the archbishop’s notion that royal policy could have significant long-term negative consequences, especially if such policy contravened Wulfstan’s understanding of the will of God.
约克大主教伍尔夫斯坦(Wulfstan of York)在公元959年《盎格鲁撒克逊编年史》(Anglo Saxon Chronicle)条目的DE版本中的插入,对于这位牧师本人和整个征服前时期来说都不符合他的性格,因为这是早期英格兰唯一批评埃德加国王的文本。这篇文章表明,伍尔夫斯坦对埃德加的抱怨主要集中在国王对英格兰斯堪的纳维亚人的政策上,其根源在于国王可能对斯堪的那维亚人的正式雇佣以及法典四埃德加。最终,本文认为,伍尔夫斯坦对埃德加的批评最好与大主教的观点联系起来理解,即王室政策可能会产生重大的长期负面后果,特别是如果这种政策违背了伍尔夫斯坦对上帝意志的理解。
{"title":"Archbishop Wulfstan’s criticism of King Edgar in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle","authors":"Nicholas Peter Schwartz","doi":"10.1111/emed.12685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12685","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Archbishop Wulfstan of York’s interpolation in the DE version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle entry for the year 959 is out of character for both the churchman himself and for the pre-Conquest period as a whole, as it is the only text from early England critical of King Edgar. This article shows that Wulfstan’s complaints about Edgar, which focus on the king’s policies related to Scandinavians in England, are rooted in the monarch’s probable official employment of Scandinavians and in the law code IV Edgar. Ultimately, this article argues that Wulfstan’s criticisms of Edgar are best understood in relation to the archbishop’s notion that royal policy could have significant long-term negative consequences, especially if such policy contravened Wulfstan’s understanding of the will of God.</p>","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"31 4","pages":"650-668"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50147482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Foundations of Royal Power in Early Medieval Germany. By David S. Bachrach. Woodbridge, Suffolk: The Boydell Press. 2022. xviii + 384 pp. £75. ISBN 9781800106338.","authors":"Simon Groth","doi":"10.1111/emed.12679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12679","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"31 4","pages":"669-672"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50141144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The charter now known as Sawyer 1211 contains a detailed account of an intergenerational property dispute between Queen Eadgifu and her rival Goda, concerning the possession of two Kentish estates. Typically, the charter has either been understood as evidence of dispute settlement or to establish facts about Eadgifu that are otherwise unattested. This article argues that Sawyer 1211 has further value when approached as a narrative which drew upon Eadgifu’s memories and oral testimony. Read in this way, it reveals a (self-)representation of her legal agency that has important implications for the understanding of early English queenship.
{"title":"Changing queenships in tenth-century England: rhetoric and (self-)representation in the case of Eadgifu of Kent at Cooling","authors":"Jonathan Tickle","doi":"10.1111/emed.12676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12676","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The charter now known as Sawyer 1211 contains a detailed account of an intergenerational property dispute between Queen Eadgifu and her rival Goda, concerning the possession of two Kentish estates. Typically, the charter has either been understood as evidence of dispute settlement or to establish facts about Eadgifu that are otherwise unattested. This article argues that Sawyer 1211 has further value when approached as a narrative which drew upon Eadgifu’s memories and oral testimony. Read in this way, it reveals a (self-)representation of her legal agency that has important implications for the understanding of early English queenship.</p>","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"31 4","pages":"598-628"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emed.12676","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50153164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Early Medieval Militarisation. Edited by Ellora Bennett, Guido M. Berndt, Stefan Esders and Laury Sarti. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 2021. xv + 367 pp. £90. ISBN 9781526138620.","authors":"Eric J. Goldberg","doi":"10.1111/emed.12682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12682","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"31 4","pages":"673-675"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50116898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Weeds and the Carolingians: Empire, Culture, and Nature in Frankish Europe, ad 750–900. By Paolo Squatriti. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2022. xi + 224 pp. + 1 b/w and 11 colour figures. £75. ISBN 978 1 316 51286 9.","authors":"Wendy Davies","doi":"10.1111/emed.12680","DOIUrl":"10.1111/emed.12680","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"31 4","pages":"688-690"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46013588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dreams and Divination from Byzantium to Baghdad, 400–1000 ce. By Bronwen Neil. Oxford Studies in Abrahamic Religions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2021. 256 pp. £72. ISBN 9780198871149.","authors":"Jesse Keskiaho","doi":"10.1111/emed.12681","DOIUrl":"10.1111/emed.12681","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"31 4","pages":"685-687"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48220560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Embodying the Soul: Medicine and Religion in Carolingian Europe. By Meg Leja. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 2022. viii + 378 pp. $89.95. ISBN 9780812253894.","authors":"Peregrine Horden","doi":"10.1111/emed.12677","DOIUrl":"10.1111/emed.12677","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"31 4","pages":"678-681"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44622692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spiritual Direction as a Medical Art in Early Christian Monasticism. By Jonathan Zecher. Oxford Early Christian Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2022. 400 pp. £75. ISBN 9 78 019885413 5.","authors":"Claire Burridge","doi":"10.1111/emed.12678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12678","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"31 4","pages":"690-692"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50147737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I focus on the Colloquy of Ælfric of Eynsham to show how it contributed to gender formation by teaching boys not only Latin, but also what it meant to be a man of the monastery. I discuss how the professions the boys role-played encouraged them to think of the monk as the most masculine option, and how verbal experimentation allowed their violent impulses to be redirected from physical towards intellectual outlets. In doing so, I reveal the rhetorical strategies used to construct collective gendered identities, which separated different types of men and the role of animals in this process.
{"title":"Teaching monastic masculinity with the Colloquy of Ælfric of Eynsham","authors":"Maroula Perisanidi","doi":"10.1111/emed.12671","DOIUrl":"10.1111/emed.12671","url":null,"abstract":"<p>I focus on the Colloquy of Ælfric of Eynsham to show how it contributed to gender formation by teaching boys not only Latin, but also what it meant to be a man of the monastery. I discuss how the professions the boys role-played encouraged them to think of the monk as the most masculine option, and how verbal experimentation allowed their violent impulses to be redirected from physical towards intellectual outlets. In doing so, I reveal the rhetorical strategies used to construct collective gendered identities, which separated different types of men and the role of animals in this process.</p>","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"31 4","pages":"629-649"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emed.12671","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47191286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}