Pub Date : 2000-10-15DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949222
V. Potapov, O. Ivanov, V. Stepanov, S. M. Ignatov
The software package for modeling of real-time flaw detecting systems performance is described. The systems with following X-ray detectors are considered: industrial X-ray image intensifier+lens+highly sensitive digital CCD; scintillating screen+lens+CCD; one-dimensional arrays of scintillator+photodiode probes. The software package allows determination of different performances of defectoscopes: the spatial resolution, contrast sensitivity for different parameters of explored objects and different parameters of used X-ray emitter. The contribution of a scattering radiation from object and collimators in a total signal on the detector is taken into account.
{"title":"Simulation of real-time flaw detecting systems performance","authors":"V. Potapov, O. Ivanov, V. Stepanov, S. M. Ignatov","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949222","url":null,"abstract":"The software package for modeling of real-time flaw detecting systems performance is described. The systems with following X-ray detectors are considered: industrial X-ray image intensifier+lens+highly sensitive digital CCD; scintillating screen+lens+CCD; one-dimensional arrays of scintillator+photodiode probes. The software package allows determination of different performances of defectoscopes: the spatial resolution, contrast sensitivity for different parameters of explored objects and different parameters of used X-ray emitter. The contribution of a scattering radiation from object and collimators in a total signal on the detector is taken into account.","PeriodicalId":445100,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record (Cat. No.00CH37149)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128055930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-15DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949403
J. van de Steene, D. Verellen, G. Storme
The International Workshops on Electronic Portal Imaging (EPI) take place biennially, alternating at both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. The last workshop was held in Brussels, June 2000. The intention of the workshops is to gather all people involved in EPI and create a forum on clinical achievements, future developments of EPI. The global aim is to enlarge the scope of already-users and create a new horizon for not-yet-users. EPI2k included invited lectures, refreshers, scientific sessions, posters, and a practical demonstrations on clinical implementation; margins and corrections; organ and patient motion, and set-up; quality assurance with and of EPIDs; processing accuracy; image quality of EPIDs; image processing; archiving and communication; dosimetry and IMRT verification with EPIDs, and new technology. More specifically, emphasis in the EPI2k scientific sessions (compared to former workshops) on clinical implementation decreased somewhat, in favour of quality assurance. Presentations on EPIDs mainly addressed flat panel imagers, more than fluoroscopic devices. There was less image analysis, but more EPID dosimetry. Finally, IMRT verification with EPIDs arose as a new topic.
{"title":"Review of EP12k: the 6th International Workshop on Electronic Portal Imaging","authors":"J. van de Steene, D. Verellen, G. Storme","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949403","url":null,"abstract":"The International Workshops on Electronic Portal Imaging (EPI) take place biennially, alternating at both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. The last workshop was held in Brussels, June 2000. The intention of the workshops is to gather all people involved in EPI and create a forum on clinical achievements, future developments of EPI. The global aim is to enlarge the scope of already-users and create a new horizon for not-yet-users. EPI2k included invited lectures, refreshers, scientific sessions, posters, and a practical demonstrations on clinical implementation; margins and corrections; organ and patient motion, and set-up; quality assurance with and of EPIDs; processing accuracy; image quality of EPIDs; image processing; archiving and communication; dosimetry and IMRT verification with EPIDs, and new technology. More specifically, emphasis in the EPI2k scientific sessions (compared to former workshops) on clinical implementation decreased somewhat, in favour of quality assurance. Presentations on EPIDs mainly addressed flat panel imagers, more than fluoroscopic devices. There was less image analysis, but more EPID dosimetry. Finally, IMRT verification with EPIDs arose as a new topic.","PeriodicalId":445100,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record (Cat. No.00CH37149)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125580075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-15DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949871
B. Pichler, W. Pimpl, W. Buttler, L. Kotoulas, G. Boning, M. Rafecas, E. Lorenz, S. Ziegler
To take advantage on the compactness of APD arrays, low noise, power efficient, fast charge sensitive preamplifier chips with differential current drivers have been developed. A 16-channel and a single channel version are available. The chips were adapted for low capacitance 4/spl times/8 APD arrays produced by Hamamatsu, Japan. A mixed JFET-CMOS production process yielded high quality integrated JFETs for the input stage of the amplifier's folded cascode. Thus, the 1/f-noise corner is kept at 4 kHz. The JFET has a transconductance of 11 mS at a drain current of 3 mA. The serial noise of the input transistor was found to be 0.8 nV//spl radic/Hz. The signal rise-time of the driver outputs is 20 ns. The rms noise of the preamplifier was found to be 480 e/sup -/ with a 25 e/sup -//pF noise slope for a shaping time of 50 ns. The serial input noise of the preamplifier is about 1.7 nV//spl radic/Hz from 200 kHz up to 40 MHz and the 1/f-noise corner is at 70 kHz. The power consumption is 30 mW per preamplifier, including the differential driver. The linearity is better than 1.3% over 48 dB dynamic range. For the 16 channel chip, the gain variation is less than 3.5%. Performance similar to PMTs can be achieved with APDs in combination with this integrated preamplifier chip.
{"title":"Integrated low noise, low power, fast charge-sensitive preamplifier for avalanche photodiodes in JFET-CMOS-technology","authors":"B. Pichler, W. Pimpl, W. Buttler, L. Kotoulas, G. Boning, M. Rafecas, E. Lorenz, S. Ziegler","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949871","url":null,"abstract":"To take advantage on the compactness of APD arrays, low noise, power efficient, fast charge sensitive preamplifier chips with differential current drivers have been developed. A 16-channel and a single channel version are available. The chips were adapted for low capacitance 4/spl times/8 APD arrays produced by Hamamatsu, Japan. A mixed JFET-CMOS production process yielded high quality integrated JFETs for the input stage of the amplifier's folded cascode. Thus, the 1/f-noise corner is kept at 4 kHz. The JFET has a transconductance of 11 mS at a drain current of 3 mA. The serial noise of the input transistor was found to be 0.8 nV//spl radic/Hz. The signal rise-time of the driver outputs is 20 ns. The rms noise of the preamplifier was found to be 480 e/sup -/ with a 25 e/sup -//pF noise slope for a shaping time of 50 ns. The serial input noise of the preamplifier is about 1.7 nV//spl radic/Hz from 200 kHz up to 40 MHz and the 1/f-noise corner is at 70 kHz. The power consumption is 30 mW per preamplifier, including the differential driver. The linearity is better than 1.3% over 48 dB dynamic range. For the 16 channel chip, the gain variation is less than 3.5%. Performance similar to PMTs can be achieved with APDs in combination with this integrated preamplifier chip.","PeriodicalId":445100,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record (Cat. No.00CH37149)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125610270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-15DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949380
D. de Vries, S. Moore
For Monte Carlo simulations, fast calculation of the distance travelled by a photon in the septal material of parallel-hole collimators can be facilitated by using a square-hole design. Square holes can provide the same geometric efficiency, resolution and lead content (g/cm/sup 2/) as a comparable hex-hole collimator by appropriate scaling of the hex-hole septal width and hole size. The authors' objective was to study the validity of using square holes to estimate the hex-hole collimator response. The geometric, penetration and collimator scatter components were compared for low-energy (LE) and medium-energy (ME) designs, using square- and hex-holes and a 320 keV point source in air. The resolution (FWHM) was virtually identical for both hole shapes. The amount of penetration, and to a lesser extent collimator scatter, depended upon hole shape and pattern. However, for a 20% photopeak image, the error in the total square-hole estimate relative to the hex-hole was /spl sim/9% and /spl sim/3% for the LE and ME collimators, respectively. When the two-dimensional penetration artifact is not critical and a small error in the amount of penetration is acceptable (e.g., when using energy-appropriate collimators), square-holes can be substituted for hex-holes to decrease the time required for simulation.
{"title":"Comparison of hexagonal-hole and square-hole collimation by Monte Carlo simulation","authors":"D. de Vries, S. Moore","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949380","url":null,"abstract":"For Monte Carlo simulations, fast calculation of the distance travelled by a photon in the septal material of parallel-hole collimators can be facilitated by using a square-hole design. Square holes can provide the same geometric efficiency, resolution and lead content (g/cm/sup 2/) as a comparable hex-hole collimator by appropriate scaling of the hex-hole septal width and hole size. The authors' objective was to study the validity of using square holes to estimate the hex-hole collimator response. The geometric, penetration and collimator scatter components were compared for low-energy (LE) and medium-energy (ME) designs, using square- and hex-holes and a 320 keV point source in air. The resolution (FWHM) was virtually identical for both hole shapes. The amount of penetration, and to a lesser extent collimator scatter, depended upon hole shape and pattern. However, for a 20% photopeak image, the error in the total square-hole estimate relative to the hex-hole was /spl sim/9% and /spl sim/3% for the LE and ME collimators, respectively. When the two-dimensional penetration artifact is not critical and a small error in the amount of penetration is acceptable (e.g., when using energy-appropriate collimators), square-holes can be substituted for hex-holes to decrease the time required for simulation.","PeriodicalId":445100,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record (Cat. No.00CH37149)","volume":"281 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125704937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-15DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949110
I. Kamenskikh, M. Kirm, V. Kolobanov, V. Mikhailin, P. A. Orekhanov, I. N. Shpinkov, D. Spassky, A. Vasil’ev, B. I. Zadneprovsky, G. Zimmerer
Reflectivity, luminescence and excitation spectra as well as nanosecond luminescence decay kinetics were measured for PbSO/sub 4/ and PbCO/sub 3/ (as well as CaCO/sub 3/:Pb) by photon excitation between 4 and 35 eV. These measurements were compared to those of PbWO/sub 4/ in order to establish the role of lead states in these compounds, which are potentially interesting as scintillators. New luminescence bands were observed in PbSO/sub 4/ at 340 nm and in PbCO/sub 3/ at 320 nm. Luminescence properties are discussed assuming the lead parentage of electronic states in the vicinity of the forbidden energy bandgap.
{"title":"Optical and luminescence properties of complex lead oxides","authors":"I. Kamenskikh, M. Kirm, V. Kolobanov, V. Mikhailin, P. A. Orekhanov, I. N. Shpinkov, D. Spassky, A. Vasil’ev, B. I. Zadneprovsky, G. Zimmerer","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949110","url":null,"abstract":"Reflectivity, luminescence and excitation spectra as well as nanosecond luminescence decay kinetics were measured for PbSO/sub 4/ and PbCO/sub 3/ (as well as CaCO/sub 3/:Pb) by photon excitation between 4 and 35 eV. These measurements were compared to those of PbWO/sub 4/ in order to establish the role of lead states in these compounds, which are potentially interesting as scintillators. New luminescence bands were observed in PbSO/sub 4/ at 340 nm and in PbCO/sub 3/ at 320 nm. Luminescence properties are discussed assuming the lead parentage of electronic states in the vicinity of the forbidden energy bandgap.","PeriodicalId":445100,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record (Cat. No.00CH37149)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121595344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-15DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949051
B. Phlips, W. N. Johnson, R. Kroeger, J. Kurfess, G. Phillips, E. Wulf, P. Luke
We present the initial results of the first germanium strip detector array for the imaging and high-resolution spectroscopy of gamma-ray sources. The array consists of four detectors, 5/spl times/5/spl times/1 cm each with 25 strips on each side. The detectors are daisy-chained to hybrid preamplifiers to reduce the number of channels of electronics. Good spectroscopy and imaging are achieved. We also present results from the development of an amorphous germanium contact technology as an alternative to the lithium contact technology. A prototype 25 by 25 strip detector was manufactured with this new technology and demonstrates good spectroscopy and imaging.
{"title":"Development of germanium strip detectors for environmental remediation","authors":"B. Phlips, W. N. Johnson, R. Kroeger, J. Kurfess, G. Phillips, E. Wulf, P. Luke","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949051","url":null,"abstract":"We present the initial results of the first germanium strip detector array for the imaging and high-resolution spectroscopy of gamma-ray sources. The array consists of four detectors, 5/spl times/5/spl times/1 cm each with 25 strips on each side. The detectors are daisy-chained to hybrid preamplifiers to reduce the number of channels of electronics. Good spectroscopy and imaging are achieved. We also present results from the development of an amorphous germanium contact technology as an alternative to the lithium contact technology. A prototype 25 by 25 strip detector was manufactured with this new technology and demonstrates good spectroscopy and imaging.","PeriodicalId":445100,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record (Cat. No.00CH37149)","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132318748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-15DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.948989
G. Anelli
CMOS technologies have undergone a tremendous evolution in the past decades. With each new technology generation a 30% improvement in performance has been obtained at constant cost. This progress makes processes obsolete quickly forcing us to continuously upgrade our designs. A short reminder of the operation of CMOS devices will be presented. After a brief overview of the effects of ionizing radiation and highly energetic particles on CMOS integrated circuits (IC), the influence of scaling will be discussed. In particular, scaling down the minimum dimensions of a technology not only improves the ultimate performance of the MOS transistor, but also alters the radiation response of CMOS ICs. Total dose effects are reduced but single event effects may be enhanced. Aspects of the influence of scaling on the design of circuits for high energy physics or medical applications will be discussed.
{"title":"Trends in CMOS technologies and radiation tolerant design","authors":"G. Anelli","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.948989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.948989","url":null,"abstract":"CMOS technologies have undergone a tremendous evolution in the past decades. With each new technology generation a 30% improvement in performance has been obtained at constant cost. This progress makes processes obsolete quickly forcing us to continuously upgrade our designs. A short reminder of the operation of CMOS devices will be presented. After a brief overview of the effects of ionizing radiation and highly energetic particles on CMOS integrated circuits (IC), the influence of scaling will be discussed. In particular, scaling down the minimum dimensions of a technology not only improves the ultimate performance of the MOS transistor, but also alters the radiation response of CMOS ICs. Total dose effects are reduced but single event effects may be enhanced. Aspects of the influence of scaling on the design of circuits for high energy physics or medical applications will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":445100,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record (Cat. No.00CH37149)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132499611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-15DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949368
D. Meier, A. Czermak, P. Jalocha, B. Sowicki, M. Kowal, W. Duliński, G. Maehblum, E. Nygård, K. Yoshioka, J. Fuster, C. Lacasta, M. Mikuž, S. Roe, P. Weilhammer, C. Hua, S. Park, S. J. Wildermann, L. Zhang, N. Clinthorne, W. Rogers
Electronically collimated gamma cameras based on Compton scattering in silicon pad sensors may improve imaging in nuclear medicine and bio-medical research. The work described here concentrates on the silicon pad detector for a prototype Compton camera. The silicon pad sensors are read out using low noise VLSI CMOS chips and novel fast triggering chips. Depending on the application a light weight and dense packaging of sensors and its readout electronics on a hybrid is required. The authors describe the silicon pad sensor and their readout on the newly designed hybrid. They also present a modular and low-cost data acquisition system (CCDAQ) based on a digital signal processor which is interfaced to the EPP port of widely available personal computers. Using the CCDAQ and the hybrids energy spectra of gamma-ray photons from technetium (/sub 43//sup 99m/Tc) an americium (/sub 95//sup 241/Am) were acquired with an energy resolution of 2.45 keV FWHM for the 140.5 keV photo-absorption line of /sub 43//sup 99m/Tc. For all pads the discrimination threshold in the trigger chip was between (15 and 25) keV.
{"title":"Silicon detector for a Compton camera in nuclear medical imaging","authors":"D. Meier, A. Czermak, P. Jalocha, B. Sowicki, M. Kowal, W. Duliński, G. Maehblum, E. Nygård, K. Yoshioka, J. Fuster, C. Lacasta, M. Mikuž, S. Roe, P. Weilhammer, C. Hua, S. Park, S. J. Wildermann, L. Zhang, N. Clinthorne, W. Rogers","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949368","url":null,"abstract":"Electronically collimated gamma cameras based on Compton scattering in silicon pad sensors may improve imaging in nuclear medicine and bio-medical research. The work described here concentrates on the silicon pad detector for a prototype Compton camera. The silicon pad sensors are read out using low noise VLSI CMOS chips and novel fast triggering chips. Depending on the application a light weight and dense packaging of sensors and its readout electronics on a hybrid is required. The authors describe the silicon pad sensor and their readout on the newly designed hybrid. They also present a modular and low-cost data acquisition system (CCDAQ) based on a digital signal processor which is interfaced to the EPP port of widely available personal computers. Using the CCDAQ and the hybrids energy spectra of gamma-ray photons from technetium (/sub 43//sup 99m/Tc) an americium (/sub 95//sup 241/Am) were acquired with an energy resolution of 2.45 keV FWHM for the 140.5 keV photo-absorption line of /sub 43//sup 99m/Tc. For all pads the discrimination threshold in the trigger chip was between (15 and 25) keV.","PeriodicalId":445100,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record (Cat. No.00CH37149)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130046207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-15DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949951
J. Hernández, D. Ressing, V. Rybnikov, F. Sánchez, G. Wagner
The HERA-B experiment is dedicated to the measurement of CP-violation in decays of neutral B-mesons. The B-mesons are produced in a formidable background of inelastic proton-nucleon interactions. The challenge for the DAQ system is a dead-timeless readout which requires unprecedent speed of storing and processing the data. The data acquisition system has been installed in summer 1999 and it was providing data for detector and trigger commissioning runs in summer 2000.
{"title":"HERA-B data acquisition system","authors":"J. Hernández, D. Ressing, V. Rybnikov, F. Sánchez, G. Wagner","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949951","url":null,"abstract":"The HERA-B experiment is dedicated to the measurement of CP-violation in decays of neutral B-mesons. The B-mesons are produced in a formidable background of inelastic proton-nucleon interactions. The challenge for the DAQ system is a dead-timeless readout which requires unprecedent speed of storing and processing the data. The data acquisition system has been installed in summer 1999 and it was providing data for detector and trigger commissioning runs in summer 2000.","PeriodicalId":445100,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record (Cat. No.00CH37149)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130138619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-15DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949885
P. Denes, J. Bussat, W. Lustermann, H. Mathez, P. Pangaud, J. Walder
For the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, an 80 000-crystal electromagnetic calorimeter will measure electron and photon energies with high precision over a dynamic range of roughly 16 bits. The readout electronics will be located directly behind the crystals, and must survive a total dose of up to 2/spl times/10/sup 4/ Gy along with 5/spl times/10/sup 13/ n/cm/sup 2/. A readout chain consisting of a custom wide-range acquisition circuit, commercial ADC and custom optical link for each crystal is presently under construction. An overview of the design is presented, with emphasis on the large-scale fiber communication system.
{"title":"Light-to-light readout system of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter","authors":"P. Denes, J. Bussat, W. Lustermann, H. Mathez, P. Pangaud, J. Walder","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949885","url":null,"abstract":"For the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, an 80 000-crystal electromagnetic calorimeter will measure electron and photon energies with high precision over a dynamic range of roughly 16 bits. The readout electronics will be located directly behind the crystals, and must survive a total dose of up to 2/spl times/10/sup 4/ Gy along with 5/spl times/10/sup 13/ n/cm/sup 2/. A readout chain consisting of a custom wide-range acquisition circuit, commercial ADC and custom optical link for each crystal is presently under construction. An overview of the design is presented, with emphasis on the large-scale fiber communication system.","PeriodicalId":445100,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record (Cat. No.00CH37149)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130173659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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